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2021

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Full-Text Articles in Political Science

Herodotus And The Histories: Accounts Of Intercivilizational Contact, Carlos Alberto Ríos Gordillo Jan 2021

Herodotus And The Histories: Accounts Of Intercivilizational Contact, Carlos Alberto Ríos Gordillo

Comparative Civilizations Review

The globalization of the earth, the old colonial dream of the sixteenth century, is still a challenge to historical understanding. In the contemporary debate, comparative history and global history have gained increasing interest as we try to explain the four parts of the planet in an overview, which allows us to think about the world, modernity, and universal history in a different way than a simple European expansion in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The theater of observation has become global when it relates Japan to China, India to New Spain, Portugal to Spain, Britain to the Netherlands to Indians, …


Letter To The Editor: The Pahlavis And The Other Side Of The Coins, Ardavan Khoshnood Jan 2021

Letter To The Editor: The Pahlavis And The Other Side Of The Coins, Ardavan Khoshnood

Comparative Civilizations Review

It was with great interest that I read “Political Power of Iranian Hierocracies” by János Jany published in Comparative Civilizations Review (83, 2020: 67-102). Writing about Iranian history is not an easy task because historical points of view have been highly politicized. Such is particularly the case when discussing the Pahlavi dynasty, particularly its founder, Reza Shah Pahlavi, and his successor, Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi. It is therefore of major importance to be transparent and, when feasible, to present the varying views and schools of thought which may exist with respect to the Pahlavi dynasty (Khoshnood, 2019).


Book Review: Michel Danino. The Lost River: On The Trail Of The Sarasvati, Joseph Drew Jan 2021

Book Review: Michel Danino. The Lost River: On The Trail Of The Sarasvati, Joseph Drew

Comparative Civilizations Review

When early civilizations were listed back at the beginning of the modern discipline that constitutes the comparative study of civilizations, one of the greatest of them all was yet essentially unknown. It was only about a century ago that information was brought forward on the possible existence of this most interesting, extensive, and influential Bronze Age civilization, the Indus River Valley Civilization.


Christopher Peet. Practicing Transcendence: Axial Age Spiritualities For A World In Crisis, Constance Wilkinson Jan 2021

Christopher Peet. Practicing Transcendence: Axial Age Spiritualities For A World In Crisis, Constance Wilkinson

Comparative Civilizations Review

This unusual and enlightening scholarly work by Christopher Peet draws our contemplative attention to what post-war German philosopher Karl Jaspers called "the Axial Age," a "span of several centuries from 800 to 200 BCE . . . constituting a dividing line or 'axis' between a long prehistory of human beings before and the emergence of a world history after."


Macgregor Knox And Williamson Murray, Eds. The Dynamics Of Military Revolution, 1300–2050, Stephen T. Satkiewicz Jan 2021

Macgregor Knox And Williamson Murray, Eds. The Dynamics Of Military Revolution, 1300–2050, Stephen T. Satkiewicz

Comparative Civilizations Review

Carl von Clausewitz famously declared “War is but the continuation of politics by other means.” It could just as easily be declared that war is the continuation of civilization by other means, concerning how different societies and cultures fight can be reflective of their distinct characters as much as any other factor. The study of war from the civilizational perspective is not new; for example, former ISCSC presidents Pitirim Sorokin and Matthew Melko did their own studies related to the matter. Into this mix come MacGregor Knox and Williamson Murray in their edited volume The Dynamics of Military Revolution, 1300–2050 …


Rachel M. Stein, Vengeful Citizens, Violent States. A Theory Of War And Revenge, Jamie Gonzalez Jan 2021

Rachel M. Stein, Vengeful Citizens, Violent States. A Theory Of War And Revenge, Jamie Gonzalez

Comparative Civilizations Review

From the very outset, Western civilization postulated revenge as a significant cause of armed conflict. The Iliad’s storyline, the first extant literary text in our Western tradition, revolves around the concept of a Greek retaliatory military campaign against a foreign enemy. The Greeks sail to Priam’s city, intending to make the Trojans pay for the abduction of Helen. The first historiography work in the Western canon (Herodotus’ Histories) posits a framework of an eternal cycle of revenge between East and West. The “Father of History” structures the narrative at the beginning of his work as a cycle of abduction …


End Matter Jan 2021

End Matter

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.


Full Issue Jan 2021

Full Issue

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.


Offensive Cyber Operations: An Examination Of Their Revolutionary Capabilities, Madelyn Wardle Jan 2021

Offensive Cyber Operations: An Examination Of Their Revolutionary Capabilities, Madelyn Wardle

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Since the cyber realm has become a prevalent area in society, states have been developing ways to use this realm to their advantage. Popular literature asserts that cyber attacks are equalizing, frequently-occurring events that make them “revolutionary” tools of warfare; however, this study hypothesizes that cyber operations are not as revolutionary as the literature asserts. This study examines the revolutionary capabilities of offensive cyber operations by studying documented cases of state-sponsored offensive cyber operations from 2005-2019. By utilizing statistical methods, first the paper examines the documented cases and analyzes which states conduct most of these operations. Then, the paper will …


Scallywag Pedagogy, Peter Mclaren, Petar Jandrić Jan 2021

Scallywag Pedagogy, Peter Mclaren, Petar Jandrić

Education Faculty Books and Book Chapters

This chapter explores the dynamic between truth and deceit in twenty-first-century transnational capitalism, emerging neo-fascist movements, and post-truth media landscapes marked by the Covid-19 pandemic and the anthropogenic bioinformational challenge. It establishes the centrality of the concept of truth in revolutionary critical pedagogy and underscores the importance of linking true words with true actions in the formation of critical praxis. Revolutionary praxis consists of the dialectical process of self and social formation, while critical educators are situated as protagonistic agents who work in and through history. Truth is therefore not about a timeless or objective state we name history. Action …


Child Labour In Nigeria: Causes And Consequences For National Development, Adebola Tolulope Adeoti Jan 2021

Child Labour In Nigeria: Causes And Consequences For National Development, Adebola Tolulope Adeoti

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

Child Labour is a great concern in many Africa countries, Nigeria inclusive in spite of legislative measures. Child labour eradication has also been recognised as a necessity for the achievement of sustainable development. The paper reviews the factors that influence the use of child labour .The paper which argues that, at the heart of the problematic of the Child Labour is Poverty, also explains the health consequences of child labour in Nigerian children. The paper reveals the various types of child labour, which Nigerian children engaged in. The findings also identified; illiteracy, unemployment , polygamy and others as some of …


Public Policy, A Catalyst For Silencing Financial Crime And Corruption: The Case For Deployment Of Digital Ids In The Social Media Platforms, Donald Kbayi Jan 2021

Public Policy, A Catalyst For Silencing Financial Crime And Corruption: The Case For Deployment Of Digital Ids In The Social Media Platforms, Donald Kbayi

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

The use of social media platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram for promoting criminal agendas (including global terrorism, transnational organised crime, and cyberattacks) is a rapidly growing phenomenon. Criminals are increasingly using social media as a platform for the recruitment of victims, clients, service providers, and to solicit donations that are normally channelled through the financial system. The National Defense University's Center for Complex Operations lists social media as “enabling a new category of professional “terrorist financiers” within terrorist groups, as they rely more heavily on social media to solicit donations and communicate with both donors and recipient …


The Lion - Bear Allegory: Impact Of Sanctions On Zimbabwe And The Related Neo-Imperial Narratives, Brighton Taruberekera Jan 2021

The Lion - Bear Allegory: Impact Of Sanctions On Zimbabwe And The Related Neo-Imperial Narratives, Brighton Taruberekera

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

Zimbabwe is a landlocked Southern African country that formerly gained independence and statehood in 1980, ending ninety years of settler colonialism. The country has been under the US - EU sanctions since the turn of the millennium. There are diametrically opposing views with regards to the question of why sanctions were put in place in the first place. This study, however, does not dwell on the circumstances behind the imposition of economic sanctions but explores their impact on the generality of Zimbabweans and why they are categorised as a neo imperial tool. Neo-imperialism, also known as neo-colonialism, is a policy …


Local Government And Community Development In The 21st Century: Evidence From Nigeria, Olawale Akinrinde, Akanbi Ololade Jan 2021

Local Government And Community Development In The 21st Century: Evidence From Nigeria, Olawale Akinrinde, Akanbi Ololade

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

The central aim of this study is to examine and highlight the role of local government in community development. Drawing evidence from Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria, this study brings the Nigerian political arrangement to the fore by establishing its negation of the undergrowth of community development which underscores true federalism. Relying on the General Systems theory further, this study established a linkage between local government and community development in Nigeria. Challenges such as lack of true federalism, local government autonomy, lack of funds, and under-staffing were discovered as root causes of local governments' inability and failure …


Entrepreneurship And Job Creation In Rural Subsaharan Africa: A Case Study Of Selected Tony Elumelu Foundation Entrepreneurs In Nigeria And Kenya, Terhemen Justine Agabo, Jackson Akor Jan 2021

Entrepreneurship And Job Creation In Rural Subsaharan Africa: A Case Study Of Selected Tony Elumelu Foundation Entrepreneurs In Nigeria And Kenya, Terhemen Justine Agabo, Jackson Akor

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

The bulk of the poor in sub-Saharan Africa live in rural areas and Entrepreneurship is often used as a tool to curb poverty across communities. This study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship on employment and economic livelihoods in selected rural communities in Nigeria and Kenya using a Theory of Change framework. Acombination of descriptive and exploratory techniques was used to analyze the data gathered from interviews conducted among 40 respondents comprising Tony Elumelu Foundation Entrepreneurs working in rural communities and residents of the selected communities. Findings show that entrepreneurship contributes to the employment of locals in the communities, especially in …


Interrogating Factors Encumbering E-Government Projects In Zimbabwe, Bismark Mutizwa Jan 2021

Interrogating Factors Encumbering E-Government Projects In Zimbabwe, Bismark Mutizwa

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

a journey of public sector transformation through the adoption and implementation of e-government projects. E-government projects are viewed as vehicles of organisational capacity embedded with transparent, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness. In a bid to bring about transmogrification in the public sector, the Zimbabwean government has implemented a number of e-government projects. To this end, this research paper seeks to examine the factors that are hindering the success of these projects and offer remedial actions that can be adopted to guarantee project success.


Who Will Silence The Guns? (The Youth As African Solutions To African Problems), Chimwemwe A. Fabiano, Margaret Lowilla, Tabitha Mwangi, Ikran Abdullahi Jan 2021

Who Will Silence The Guns? (The Youth As African Solutions To African Problems), Chimwemwe A. Fabiano, Margaret Lowilla, Tabitha Mwangi, Ikran Abdullahi

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

The 50th Anniversary of the Organization of African Union marked a significant time for reflection on the progress made on the continent, as well as persisting challenges. Protracted civil conflicts, proliferation of small arms and light weapons amongst civilian populations and the spread of violent extremism were identified as significant impediments to the progress of the continent. The initiative 'Silence the Guns by 2020 recognises dialogue-centred conflict prevention and resolution, human centred development and peace as requisite to ensuring and realizing Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want. This paper identifies alternative dispute resolution methods and soft power approaches as key …


Beijing In Bamako: Burdens Of Involvement Even For The Non-Colonial Non-Interventionist, Albert Mhangami Jan 2021

Beijing In Bamako: Burdens Of Involvement Even For The Non-Colonial Non-Interventionist, Albert Mhangami

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

In pursuit of the AU's 'Silence of the Guns', Foreign military involvement on the African continent has become a heavily polarized conversation. China, with its non-colonial ties to the continent and non- intervention policy for the first time sent actual combat troops to a peacekeeping mission in Mali sparking questions about China's changing role in the world. This article takes a different view. It analyses the dynamics that caused China to become militarily involved on the continent. , The paper focuses on the interconnected nature of conflict in Africa, the role of Continental and local authorities, and the role of …


Engendering Community Participation Or Contestations? Examining The Mandatory Community Development Agreement In The Extractive Sector Of Sierra Leone, Wusu Conteh Jan 2021

Engendering Community Participation Or Contestations? Examining The Mandatory Community Development Agreement In The Extractive Sector Of Sierra Leone, Wusu Conteh

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

The African Mining Vision has engendered the introduction of mandatory community development agreement (CDA) into the legal framework of some countries in Africa. In 2009, Sierra Leone enacted the Mines and Minerals Act that obligates mining companies to invest in host communities. The study focuses on the Sierra Rutile CDA program's case in Sierra Leone. Extant scholarly works have largely explored the resource curse and voluntary corporate social responsibility. There are limited studies to unravel the new mandatory community development agreement. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the CDA in Sierra Leone. The results show that the …


Democratization As A Peacekeeping Strategy: A Comparative Analysis Of The United States And The European Union, Gabrielle Orphali Jan 2021

Democratization As A Peacekeeping Strategy: A Comparative Analysis Of The United States And The European Union, Gabrielle Orphali

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The purpose of this study is to determine whether democratization should be utilized as a method of peacekeeping. This is determined by studying both the United States and the European Union's efforts to spread democracy globally. The historic framework is studied to understand the unique perspective each body has formed in defining democracy, and the method through which it should be spread. The definition of power, democracy, and the state are studied. The concepts are applied to the case studies of Iraq and Turkey in order to make a determination.


Antihaitianismo Analyzed: The Development Of A Community And Underlying Social Issues In The Dominican Republic, Raphael J. Merritt Jan 2021

Antihaitianismo Analyzed: The Development Of A Community And Underlying Social Issues In The Dominican Republic, Raphael J. Merritt

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Discrimination manifests itself in an unending variety of forms and can be observed in nearly every society the world has seen up to the present. What is often overlooked, however, are the ways in which discriminatory behaviors form as a result of complex history and cultural relations. This is no less clear than it is with the case of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, two countries that share a small island in the Caribbean. This thesis places its focus in breaking down the complex history and attitudes that have, in turn, led to the creation and espousing of antihaitianismo in …


U.S. Government And Politics In Principle And Practice: Democracy, Rights, Freedoms And Empire, Samuel Finesurrey, Gary Greaves Jan 2021

U.S. Government And Politics In Principle And Practice: Democracy, Rights, Freedoms And Empire, Samuel Finesurrey, Gary Greaves

Open Educational Resources

This book is written for students early in college to provide a guide to the founding documents and structures of governance that form the United States political system. This book is called American Government and Politics in Principle and Practice because you will notice that what has been inscribed in law has not always been applied in practice-particularly for indigenous peoples, enslaved peoples, people of color, women, LGBTQIA+, people with disabilities, those formerly incarcerated, immigrants and the working class within U.S. society. In designing this book, we have two goals. First, we want you to know what the founding documents …


Understanding The Role Of Religion In Shaping Cross-National And Domestic Attitudes And Interest In Abortion, Homosexuality, And Pornography Using Traditional And Google Search Data, Amy Adamczyk, Yu-Hsuan Liu, Jacqueline Scott Jan 2021

Understanding The Role Of Religion In Shaping Cross-National And Domestic Attitudes And Interest In Abortion, Homosexuality, And Pornography Using Traditional And Google Search Data, Amy Adamczyk, Yu-Hsuan Liu, Jacqueline Scott

Publications and Research

Over the last 20 years, internet usage has increased substantially, providing an inexpensive source of data that may be less prone to bias and could provide a greater number of meso and macro units. However, validating big data and their usefulness has been challenging. This study uses established sources to validate Google Trends’ search interest in the “Bible” across US Designated Market Areas and “Ramadan” across nations, establishing a potential new source of religion data. We then use these measures to show that people from religiously conservative US areas and countries are more likely to disapprove of homosexuality, abortion and …


The ‘Global South’ In The Study Of World Politics: Examining A Meta Category, Sebastian Haug, Jacqueline Braveboy-Wagner, Günther Maihold Jan 2021

The ‘Global South’ In The Study Of World Politics: Examining A Meta Category, Sebastian Haug, Jacqueline Braveboy-Wagner, Günther Maihold

Publications and Research

This introductory contribution examines the ‘Global South’ as a meta category in the study of world politics. Against the backdrop of a steep rise in references to the ‘Global South’ across academic publications, we ask whether and how the North–South binary in general, and the ‘(Global) South’ in particular, can be put to use analytically. Building on meta categories as tools for the classification of global space, we discuss the increasing prominence of the ‘Global South’ and then outline different understandings attached to it, notably socio-economic marginality, multilateral alliance-building and resistance against global hegemonic power. Following an overview of individual …


The Effect Of Proximal Carceral Contact On Political Participation, Emily Loomis Jan 2021

The Effect Of Proximal Carceral Contact On Political Participation, Emily Loomis

Honors Program Theses

In light of the events of the summer of 2020 with the murder of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, and Breanna Taylor, the United States has seen nationwide protests. The purpose of this research is to further examine the relationship between the criminal justice system and the individuals who come into indirect contact with it. The carceral state, or criminal justice system, has expanded rapidly in the last fifty years. An institution of its size and influence has far-reaching consequences, including on those who do not directly come into contact with it. This can affect how everyday citizens interact with the …


The Administration Of American Elections During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sydney Wagner Jan 2021

The Administration Of American Elections During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sydney Wagner

Honors Program Theses

Elazar identifies three main political subcultures that intermingle to form the national political culture: traditionalistic, moralistic, and individualistic. I am using these three political subcultures to see if they offer an insight into each state’s decision regarding election administration. In times of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, will states react differently as they attempt to administer elections and does political culture inform such varied responses? I conducted case studies of Iowa, Georgia, and Pennsylvania and applied a series of variables including the strength of each state’s voter ID law, the voter turnout, state office control, and relevant events. After …


Anti-Communist Politics Of The Second Red Scare And How It Affected Hollywood And The Types Of Movies Being Made, Maddy Everson Jan 2021

Anti-Communist Politics Of The Second Red Scare And How It Affected Hollywood And The Types Of Movies Being Made, Maddy Everson

Honors Program Theses

During the Second Red Scare from 1947 to 1957, anti-communist sentiment was rampant and affected Hollywood and the types of movies being made. This was due to governmental agencies—as well as non-governmental institutions and people—being suspicious of and investigating anyone who was suspected of having communist ties. This caused a level of fear that affected what was shown in the content of the movies and who could make them. It is important to examine how the movies and film industry was influenced by the Second Red Scare. This is because Hollywood was strongly affected not only at this time but …


U.S. Presidential Election Portrayed By Foreign Media: Costa Rica And Nicaragua Comparative Study, Emily Neumann Jan 2021

U.S. Presidential Election Portrayed By Foreign Media: Costa Rica And Nicaragua Comparative Study, Emily Neumann

Honors Program Theses

The U.S. presidential election not only grabs a lot of media attention from the United States, but it also catches the attention of media from around the world. How does the foreign media portray the U.S. presidential election? This study seeks to answer a piece of this question through an analysis of media sources in Costa Rica and Nicaragua in the hopes of better informing audiences on the potential frames their media be constructing their information through. The analysis considers the tone, along with the articles’ conversations of policy and personality of the candidates. After selecting 10 articles from each …


Assessing Opinions Towards Transgender Individuals, Tiffeni Russo Jan 2021

Assessing Opinions Towards Transgender Individuals, Tiffeni Russo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The purpose of this thesis is to examine changing attitudes towards transgender individuals, in that they are overwhelmingly marginalized and discriminated against. Recently, the Trump Administration has sought to limit their protections, such as their right to enter a restroom facility of their preferred gender identity. Up until recently, there was not such an overwhelming presence of transgender media available to the public. The emergence of the transgender community owes its success in part due to the Civil Rights Movement, where gays and lesbians came out in droves to push for their rights and the ability to live their lives …


Ziba, Ziba, Sherianne Schow, Brandi Kilmer, Heather Oman Jan 2021

Ziba, Ziba, Sherianne Schow, Brandi Kilmer, Heather Oman

TSOS Interview Gallery

Ziba, a promising medical student, fled Afghanistan in 2018 due to instability and for her safety. Life was difficult upon arrival in the United States. In Afghanistan Ziba was involved in national and international poetry, math and science competitions. Ziba went from having everything to starting completely over in a new country. Her anxiety and depression became extremely difficult to deal with She reminded herself who she was, what her passions were and in January 2019 started medical school while working part time as a cashier. Her hope for future arriving refugees is to have a mental health network established …