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Articles 61 - 90 of 555
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
A Harbour In The Country, A City In The Sea: Infrastructural Conduits, Territorial Inversions And The Slippages Of Sovereignty In Sino-Sri Lankan Development Narratives, Orlando Woods
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper adopts infrastructure as a lens through which new understandings of the inter-relationships between territory and sovereignty can be advanced. It argues that inverting the terrestrial assumption of territory can lead to “slippages” of sovereignty in which territorial sovereignty is indirectly claimed through the assertion of governance rights. For the purposes of this paper, I explore these inversions through the reclaiming of land from the ocean, and the removal of land by the ocean. Drawing on ethnographic research exploring the effects of China-backed infrastructure megaprojects in Sri Lanka, these territorial inversions are explored, respectively, through the Port City Colombo …
China Rising, 2000-2010, William A. Callahan
China Rising, 2000-2010, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Shifting Strategies: The Politics Of Radical Change In Provincial Development Policy In China, John A. Donaldson, Xiaotao Yang
Shifting Strategies: The Politics Of Radical Change In Provincial Development Policy In China, John A. Donaldson, Xiaotao Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Why do provincial governments change policy, even when those policies have proven successful? This paper explores a debate regarding the determinants of provincial policy choice and the degree of discretion provinces are permitted in this area. It does so by scrutinizing the shift in Guizhou's development policy from a poverty reduction orientation to a wholehearted pursuit of economic growth, urbanization and industrialization. In contrast to those who argue that central experience, prospects for promotion or local conditions are key factors explaining policy choice, the paper concludes that Guizhou's shift in policy had more to do with the backgrounds and experiences …
The Pandemic As Political Opportunity: Jokowi’S Indonesia In The Time Of Covid-19, Charlotte Setijadi
The Pandemic As Political Opportunity: Jokowi’S Indonesia In The Time Of Covid-19, Charlotte Setijadi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In mid-2021, the Delta strain of the Covid-19 virus caused a second wave of transmissions and deaths in Indonesia at a scale much greater than what was seen in 2020. In this paper, I examine what the Indonesian government’s handling of the Covid crisis in 2021 reveals about the priorities of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), as well as his political agenda and attitude towards the country’s democracy, as he strives to cement his legacy. I argue that, while devastating, the Covid-19 pandemic has given Jokowi the opportunity to push through long-planned economic and political reforms. Furthermore, I contend that, under …
Textual Data Science With R By Monica Becue-Bertaut, Kenneth Benoit
Textual Data Science With R By Monica Becue-Bertaut, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Textual Data Science With R targets an important and rela-tively understudied area of data science: the statistical analysisof largely unstructured data in the form of natural languagetext. Using examples spanning fields such as free-form sur-vey responses, bibliographies, and speeches, the book presentsmulti-dimensional methods for mining patterns and insightsfrom textual data. Beginning with a practical and conceptualoverview of textual data and how to pre-preprocess and struc-ture this data, the book proceeds to explain the framework ofcorrespondence analysis and its application to textual data. Itthen discusses two other major approaches: clustering and afocus on cluster features, including characteristic words, andmultiple factor analysis. …
Barking Without Biting: Understanding Chinese Media Campaigns During Foreign Policy Disputes, Frances Yaping Wang
Barking Without Biting: Understanding Chinese Media Campaigns During Foreign Policy Disputes, Frances Yaping Wang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
What motivates Chinese media campaigns during foreign policy disputes and how are they carried out? “Influence campaigns” are often recognized as highly pertinent to international security, yet they remain understudied. This paper develops and tests a theory that explains these media campaigns as strategic actions to align domestic public opinion when it deviates from the state’s preferred foreign policy, exploiting the media’s mobilization or pacification effect. These divergent media effects correspond to two types of media campaigns respectively – the mobilization campaigns and the pacification campaigns. The pacification campaigns are particularly important because they indicate that hawkish rhetoric may counterintuitively …
When Running For Office Runs In The Family: Horizontal Dynasties, Policy And Development In The Philippines, Dean C. Dulay, Laurence Go
When Running For Office Runs In The Family: Horizontal Dynasties, Policy And Development In The Philippines, Dean C. Dulay, Laurence Go
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Political dynasties exist in practically every variant of democracy, but take different forms in different places. Yet the types of dynastic structures have remained unexplored. We argue that horizontal dynasties—multiple members from the same political family holding different political offices concurrently— affect policymaking by replacing potential political rivals, who may oppose an incumbent’s policy choices, with a member of the family. But in developing countries, the policy change that accrues from dynastic status may not lead to higher levels of economic development. We test this argument’s implications in the Philippines. Employing a close elections regression discontinuity design on a sample …
Beyond The "Formidable Circle": Race And The Limits Of Democratic Inclusion In Tocqueville's Democracy In America, Christine Dunn Henderson
Beyond The "Formidable Circle": Race And The Limits Of Democratic Inclusion In Tocqueville's Democracy In America, Christine Dunn Henderson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Despite his assertion that the first volume of Democracy in America (1835) would concentrate upon institutions, Tocqueville found himself finishing the draft manuscript in 1834 and unable to conclude his study without discussing race relations in the United States. In the end, he quickly penned a final chapter. That chapter—by far the book’s longest—offers “Some Considerations on the Present State and Probable Future of the Three Races That Inhabit the Territory of the United States.” Tocqueville begins the chapter by acknowledging that its subject “is American without being democratic” (DA, p. 516), and to the extent that it analyzes slavery …
First Among Equals: The First Place Effect And Political Promotion In Multi-Member Plurality Elections, Dean C. Dulay, Laurence Go
First Among Equals: The First Place Effect And Political Promotion In Multi-Member Plurality Elections, Dean C. Dulay, Laurence Go
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We study the impact of rank-based decision-making in a multi-member plurality electoral system by examining the decisions of Philippine legislative councilors to run for and win higher office. By focusing on multi-member plurality elections, we identify the effect of rank amongst politicians that hold the same office and received a similar number of votes. To identify the causal effect of rank, we conduct a close-elections RD at the village, municipality, and province levels. Our main result is the first place effect: incumbent first placers are 5–9% (1–4%) more likely to run (win) in future elections than incumbent second placers. …
Circuits Broken, Remade, And Newly Forged: Tracing Southeast Asia's Foreign Relations After The Vietnam War, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Circuits Broken, Remade, And Newly Forged: Tracing Southeast Asia's Foreign Relations After The Vietnam War, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article (2021) in Diplomatic History's pandemic feature examines how the principles and consequences of Singapore's "circuit breaker" policy offers a conceptual framework for studying the history of Southeast Asia's foreign relations in the 1970s to 1990s. With this approach, the essay considers how a study of Southeast Asia's culture-makers (artists, writers, dramatists), their works and transnational circuits, may open a productive inquiry into a diverse array of regionalisms that compete and complement ASEAN.
Flight, Patrick Luiz Sullivan De Oliveira
Flight, Patrick Luiz Sullivan De Oliveira
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The history of flight presents a seemingly straightforward linear narrative. Before the eighteenth century, humans could only aspire to fly—an unfulfillment that promoted a rich mythology in antiquity that includes, most famously, the Hellenic warning against Icarian hubris. What followed were centuries of tinkering by eccentric geniuses such as Leonardo da Vinci—experiments that proved practically unfeasible but nevertheless indicated a rationalization of the aerial milieu. Then, in 1783, the invention of the hot-air balloon by the Montgolfier brothers in France allowed humans to ascend into the sky for the first time. However, this form of flight proved to be a …
Demanding Images: Democracy, Mediation, And The Image-Event In Indonesia By Karen Strassler, Colm A. Fox
Demanding Images: Democracy, Mediation, And The Image-Event In Indonesia By Karen Strassler, Colm A. Fox
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Karen Strassler takes the reader on a roller-coaster ride through Indonesia’s turbulent democratic developments of recent years—including stages of disappointment, fear, and tragedy, but also periods of joy, hilarity, and hope. To set the scene, the book opens with a photo-essay montage of full-colour images
A Journey Of A Thousand Miles Begins With A Single Step: Towards A Confucian Geopolitics, Lily Kong
A Journey Of A Thousand Miles Begins With A Single Step: Towards A Confucian Geopolitics, Lily Kong
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This commentary welcomes the opportunity of a dialogue on the development of a Confucian geopolitics that offers an alternative to the prevailing dominant geopolitical theories. Three areas are discussed to further development of such an alternative. The first is the challenges (and not only the opportunities) of recovering Confucian values to inform foreign policy and international relations. The second is the appropriation of Confucian philosophy to legitimize state action, and how this is actually playing out in present-day China. The third is the slippage between narrative and practice – that is, how a narrative of Confucian geopolitics is translated in …
Footprints Of A Winning Idea: Three Decades Of The Human Development Paradigm (1990-2019), Devin K. Joshi
Footprints Of A Winning Idea: Three Decades Of The Human Development Paradigm (1990-2019), Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The rise and fall of international development paradigms has long captured the interest of scholars, but interpreting whether a paradigm is winning or losing depends largely on how we measure its success. In this research note, we contribute to this debate by assessing the influence of development paradigms via comparative bibliometric analysis. Focusing on the human development and capabilities approach (HDCA) promoted by the Human Development Reports (HDRs) of the United Nations, our analysis reveals how the HDCA has emerged to become an influential paradigm of development over the last three decades. As the HDCA has fared impressively well vis-à-vis …
The Intrinsic Values Of Confucian Democracy And Dewey's Pragmatist Method, Sor-Hoon Tan
The Intrinsic Values Of Confucian Democracy And Dewey's Pragmatist Method, Sor-Hoon Tan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Given the historical association of Confucianism, or rather the Ru school of thought, with autocratic government since the Han dynasty, one of the challenges for contemporary scholars of Confucianism is to interpret and reconstruct Confucianism to guard against authoritarian tendencies without surrendering its distinctive ethical-political vision. Confucianism is incompatible with the conventional understanding of democracy as liberal democracy best represented by the United States, focused on limiting government with checks and balances, prioritizing protection of the civil and political rights of individuals, regular elections of representatives in which partisan competition for power offers citizens very little real choice, and it …
The United States And The "Chinese Problem" Of Southeast Asia, Wen-Qing Ngoei
The United States And The "Chinese Problem" Of Southeast Asia, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay examines how US Cold War policy toward all of Southeast Asia arose from American suspicions that the region's Chinese diaspora would align itself with the Chinese communists against the west. In so doing, it explores how US distrust of the Chinese diaspora fell in step with a longer imperialist tradition practised not only by the European powers for centuries, but also the Japanese Empire during its brief ascendancy during World War Two. Additionally, the essay proposes that to move beyond the bilateral studies that dominate the histories of US-Southeast Asian relations to view the region as whole, it …
Re-Thinking Region: Us-Southeast Asian Relations In The Twentieth Century, Wen-Qing Ngoei, Anne Foster
Re-Thinking Region: Us-Southeast Asian Relations In The Twentieth Century, Wen-Qing Ngoei, Anne Foster
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay, co-authored with historian Anne Foster, introduces a roundtable of journal articles that explore new ways to advance the study of Southeast Asia's relations with the United States in the twentieth century. It explains the importance of examining the region, how it is of world historical importance to the big powers, and merits different and innovative analyses given its significance to current affairs.
Confucianism As Transformative Practice: Ethical Impact And Political Pitfalls, Sor-Hoon Tan
Confucianism As Transformative Practice: Ethical Impact And Political Pitfalls, Sor-Hoon Tan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No serious scholar today denies the close relationship between politics and ethics in Confucian thought and practice.
Looking Back On Asean And The Sino-Us Rivalry In The Cold War, Wen-Qing (Wei Wenqing) Ngoei
Looking Back On Asean And The Sino-Us Rivalry In The Cold War, Wen-Qing (Wei Wenqing) Ngoei
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In discussions of the current Sino-US rivalry, talk of China eclipsing America as the world’s foremost power is popular. Analysts seeking signs of US decline can certainly muster suitable evidence with which to argue this case. In Southeast Asia, a major theatre of Sino-US competition for influence, trade and security ties, there are serious concerns over which of the two powers will end up predominant in regional affairs. In fact, America and its Southeast Asian allies faced a similar challenge in the Cold War. Then as now, most of the attention was on the big powers. But, the agency of …
Farmers In Singapore? Collective Action Under Adverse Circumstances, Yu Fong Ho, John A. Donaldson
Farmers In Singapore? Collective Action Under Adverse Circumstances, Yu Fong Ho, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
How can individuals with contrasting interests in a declining industry, at odds with the country’s identity, and facing an illiberal and sceptical government, band together to promote collective goals? This article addresses this question by examining Singapore’s Kranji Countryside Association, one of Singapore’s few civil society organisations to focus on community organising. To Association members, the material and time costs of organising were high, the odds of success were low and the material rewards of success were modest. The article evaluates two views that purport to explain collective action: the rational choice approach that focuses on selective incentives and the …
Getting Institutions Right: Matching Institutional Capacities To Developmental Tasks, Jacob I. Ricks, Richard F. Doner
Getting Institutions Right: Matching Institutional Capacities To Developmental Tasks, Jacob I. Ricks, Richard F. Doner
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Since the 1990s, scholars and international organizations such as the World Bank have recognized the centrality of institutions for development. While important, this “institutional turn” has generally minimized the diversity of development challenges and the corresponding need for different institutional capacities. Yet distinguishing among developmental tasks is a critical step in understanding the kinds of institutions necessary to accomplish policy tasks. We identify five dimensions of task difficulty that affect the degree and nature of policy challenges and, as a result, the institutional capacities necessary to accomplish such challenges. We assess the utility of this framework through a qualitative analysis …
Humanist But Not Radical: The Educational Philosophy Of Thiruvalluvar Kural, Devin K. Joshi
Humanist But Not Radical: The Educational Philosophy Of Thiruvalluvar Kural, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Humanist ideas in education have been promoted by both Western thinkers and classical wisdom texts of Asia. Exploring this connection, I examine the educational philosophy of an iconic ancient Tamil (Indian) text, the Thiruvalluvar Kural, by juxtaposing it with a contemporary humanist classic, Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed. As this comparative study reveals, both texts offer humanist visions of relevance to education, politics, and society. Notably, however, the Kural takes what might be described as a more mainstream humanist stance vis-à-vis Freire’s radical humanist approach. Nevertheless, both educational philosophies share a common humanist bond representing important breakthroughs …
The Human Development And Capabilities Approach As A Twenty-First Century Ideology Of Globalization, Devin K. Joshi
The Human Development And Capabilities Approach As A Twenty-First Century Ideology Of Globalization, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
While many scholars have analysed neo-liberalism (i.e. market globalism) as an ideology of globalization, much less is known about alternative and emerging ideologies that challenge neoliberalism on a global scale. Addressing this gap, I critically examine the ‘human development and capabilities approach’ (HDCA) as a counter-ideology to neoliberalism promoted by the United Nations. Applying morphological discourse analysis and incorporating critical insights from recent work by Manfred Steger and Paul James, this study demonstrates how the HDCA (i.e. capabilities globalism) functions as a well-developed ideology steeped in a global imaginary. Yet, despite having multiple strengths, HDCA morphology and deployment have limited …
Ai Weiwei And The Global Art Of Politics, William A. Callahan
Ai Weiwei And The Global Art Of Politics, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In the past decade, Ai Weieiwei has burst out from his limited role of a Chinese artist to become an artist-activist who has “gone global.” Ai first gained international fame as the consultant for Beijing’s “Bird’s Nest” Olympic stadium, which was designed by the Swiss architectural firm Herzog and de Meuron. Just before the 2008 Olympics, however, Ai became infamous for denouncing the stadium as China’s “fake smile” to the world. In October 2010, Ai fascinated the art world with his Sunflower Seeds exhibit at London’s Tate Modern art gallery; before the exhibit closed in May 2011, Ai became a …
Styles Of Policy Advice: A Typology For Comparing The Standard Operating Procedures For The Provision Of Policy Advice, David Aubin, Marleen Brans
Styles Of Policy Advice: A Typology For Comparing The Standard Operating Procedures For The Provision Of Policy Advice, David Aubin, Marleen Brans
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Policy scholars have long studied the phenomenon of policy advice, with the aim of understanding variations in the professional practice of policy analysts and other civil servants. The quest for theorizing the selection and use of advice and information in the policy process has triggered several attempts of typologizing the many facets of policy advice: the location and autonomy of the advisors, their roles, the content of advice, as well as the styles of policy advisors. The styles of policy advice bring attention to the standard operating procedures which influence the content and use of policy advice. This chapter develops …
Unpacking Cosmopolitan Memory, Hiro Saito
Unpacking Cosmopolitan Memory, Hiro Saito
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Cosmopolitanism is here to stay despite rising nationalist sentiments and movements against the forces of globalization. To be sure, some groups are suspicious of, and even hostile to, the increasing numbers of foreigners and foreign products coming into their countries, but other groups accept and embrace more opportunities to interact with foreign others and cultures. Similarly, while policies and laws continue to take the nation-state as a primary frame of reference, they have also incorporated the idea of humanity to expand rights for both citizens and foreign residents. A globalizing world is full of these contradictory forces of cosmopolitanism and …
Text As Data: An Overview, Kenneth Benoit
Text As Data: An Overview, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
When it comes to textual data, the fields of political science and international relations face a genuine embarrassment of riches. Never before has so much text been so readily available on such a wide variety of topics that concern our discipline. Legislative debates, party manifestos, committee transcripts, candidate and other political speeches, lobbying documents, court opinions, laws – not only are all recorded and published today, but in many cases this is in a readily available form that is easily converted into structured data for systematic analysis.
What Makes Administrative And Hierarchical Procedures More Burdensome? Effects Of Degree Of Procedures, Outcome Favorability, And Confucian Values On Red Tape Perception, M. Jae Moon, Jungsook Kim, Sehee Jung, Beomgeun Cho
What Makes Administrative And Hierarchical Procedures More Burdensome? Effects Of Degree Of Procedures, Outcome Favorability, And Confucian Values On Red Tape Perception, M. Jae Moon, Jungsook Kim, Sehee Jung, Beomgeun Cho
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Public officials must not only comply with administrative procedures based on administrative rulebooks but also follow particular procedures requested by their supervisors in a bureaucratic system, which might be even more significant in a hierarchical culture. Noting that the impact of hierarchical procedures on red tape perception has not been extensively examined, this study investigates the potential difference in the effects of administrative and hierarchical procedures on the perception of red tape. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment design to examine the effects of the nature of procedures, outcome favorability, and degree of procedures, vignette-based experiments were conducted …
The Myanmar Business Environment Index 2020: Measuring Economic Governance For Private Sector Development, Edmund Malesky, Dean C. Dulay, Ville Peltovuori
The Myanmar Business Environment Index 2020: Measuring Economic Governance For Private Sector Development, Edmund Malesky, Dean C. Dulay, Ville Peltovuori
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The 2020 Myanmar Business Environment Index (MBEI) aims to identify constraints in Myanmar’s business regulatory environment and provide a tool for identifying reform opportunities that spur growth.
The Other China Model: Daoism, Pluralism, And Political Liberalism, Devin K. Joshi
The Other China Model: Daoism, Pluralism, And Political Liberalism, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
While scholars often portray Chinese political thought and tradition as standing in opposition to Western notions of political liberalism, little consideration has been given to compatibility between liberalism and Daoism, a prominent religion and long-standing alternative school of thought among Chinese peoples. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study in comparative political thought compares Laozi’s Dao De Jing with John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty to illustrate certain core political ideas in the Dao De Jing and their treatment in Mill’s landmark text on political liberalism. Although the two texts diverge in terms of advocacy of popular representation, public contestation, …