Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- International and Area Studies (240)
- Asian Studies (202)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (116)
- International Relations (93)
- Arts and Humanities (67)
-
- Sociology (53)
- Models and Methods (35)
- Philosophy (29)
- Eastern European Studies (26)
- Political Theory (24)
- Ethics and Political Philosophy (23)
- Politics and Social Change (22)
- Communication (21)
- Social Influence and Political Communication (20)
- History (19)
- Economics (18)
- Political Economy (15)
- American Politics (14)
- Comparative Politics (14)
- Energy Policy (14)
- Law (13)
- Religion (11)
- Business (10)
- Political History (10)
- Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation (9)
- Race and Ethnicity (9)
- Gender and Sexuality (8)
- Public Policy (8)
- Keyword
-
- China (34)
- Democracy (19)
- Thailand (16)
- Southeast Asia (15)
- European Union (13)
-
- Indonesia (13)
- International relations (11)
- Sanctions (11)
- Democratization (10)
- Elections (10)
- Colonialism (9)
- Nationalism (9)
- United States (9)
- Capitalism (8)
- Cold War (8)
- Electoral systems (8)
- Ethnicity (8)
- Human rights (8)
- North Korea (8)
- Parliament (8)
- Representation (8)
- Singapore (8)
- Women (8)
- ASEAN (7)
- India (7)
- Philippines (7)
- Political parties (7)
- Politics (7)
- South Korea (7)
- Empire (6)
- Publication Year
- File Type
Articles 421 - 450 of 555
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
History, Identity, And Security: Producing And Consuming Nationalism In China, William A. Callahan
History, Identity, And Security: Producing And Consuming Nationalism In China, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Chinese nationalism has ignited much debate among academics and the general public in both China and the West. Rather than search for the true core of Chinese nationalism, this essay will examine the curious custom of National Humiliation Day as an oblique entry into the politics of identity. The nation is not simply a question of people or territory, the author contends, but of time: the national time scripted by events such as National Humiliation Day. By comparing the differing practices of the holiday as it was celebrated in the early twentieth century and is observed in the early twenty-first …
Voter Strategies With Restricted Choice Menus, Kenneth Benoit, Daniela Giannetti, Michael Laver
Voter Strategies With Restricted Choice Menus, Kenneth Benoit, Daniela Giannetti, Michael Laver
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Mixed-member electoral systems require voters simultaneously to cast ballots in single-member districts (SMD) and multimember, proportional representation (PR) constituencies. It may be that not all parties offer candidates in both electoral contexts, however. In this event would-be voters for some parties may find themselves ‘frustrated’ by the restricted choice menu on offer in the SMD, being effectively forced to split their vote between different parties. Here we explore the different behaviours of frustrated voters in the 1996 mixed-member election to Italy’s Chamber of Deputies, characterizing these as being either in some sense non-strategic (concerned above all with the relative policy …
Policy Competition In The 2002 French Legislative And Presidential Elections, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit, Nicolas Sauger
Policy Competition In The 2002 French Legislative And Presidential Elections, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit, Nicolas Sauger
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The French two-round system of presidential elections forces candidates to choose strategies designed to maximize their votes in two different, potentially conflicting strategic contexts: a first round contest between many candidates, and a second round between (typically) a left- and a right-oriented candidate. Following a constitutional change in 2000, furthermore, presidential elections are synchronized with legislative elections, more tightly linking presidential candidates to the policy platforms of the parties they represent. This article examines the consequences of policy positioning by presidential candidates, measuring, comparing and assessing positioning in the legislative elections and in the first and second presidential election rounds. …
War, Shame, And Time: Pastoral Governance And National Identity In England And America, William A. Callahan
War, Shame, And Time: Pastoral Governance And National Identity In England And America, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay examines the emergence of national identity in international society through the curious example of “National Humiliation Day,” a special holiday proclaimed by the head of state in wartime and celebrated in local churches throughout the nation. It argues that the observation of humiliation days produces the nation as the sacred political community because it figures both problems and solutions in a “national” time that is radically different from the dynastic and ecclesiastical times that defined medieval Europe. Unlike those who suggest that the Peace of Westphalia instituted a dramatic shift to an international system of secular states, the …
Duverger's Law And The Study Of Electoral Systems, Kenneth Benoit
Duverger's Law And The Study Of Electoral Systems, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Since its first publication in 1951, Duverger's Political Parties has influenced an entire branch of political science devoted to the study of the political consequences of electoral laws. This essay examines the two propositions known as Duverger's law and Duverger's hypothesis, both concerned with how electoral institutions shape party systems. First explaining the propositions and their context, the essay examines their influence on political science, and concludes by assessing where future research in the area might be best concentrated.
Hungary: Holding Back The Tiers, Kenneth Benoit
Hungary: Holding Back The Tiers, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Hungary has a particularly complicated electoral system: a type of mixed system that incorporates three tiers of seat allocation, the use of a proportional allocation formula, and the allocation of a number of seats by a two-round system in single-member constituencies. Examination of the strategic incentives facing parties explains some surprising outcomes, such as the majoritarian impact on the party system and the possibility of the second strongest party in votes becoming the strongest in seats. Despite its complexity and alleged shortcomings, it is unlikely to be abandoned; it serves the interests of the largest parties, and these effectively wield …
The Mirage Of Global Justice, Chandran Kukathas
The Mirage Of Global Justice, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The political pursuit of global justice is not a worthy goal, and our aims in establishing international legal and political institutions should be more modest. The pursuit of justice in the international order is dangerous to the extent that it requires the establishment of powerful supranational agencies, or legitimizes greater and more frequent exercise of political, economic, and military power by strong states or coalitions. The primary concern in the establishment and design of all legal and political institutions should be not to secure justice but to limit power. It is a mistake to think that a distinction can be …
Cartel Parties And Cartel Party Systems: The Italian Case, Riccardo Pelizzo
Cartel Parties And Cartel Party Systems: The Italian Case, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In spite of the fact that Katz and Mair’s cartel party article has been one of the most widely cited, read, discussed, criticized scholarly works of the past decade, Italian politics experts have been somewhat reluctant to apply the cartel party framework to analyze the Italian party system.1 This reluctance was probably motivated by an improper understanding of what the cartel party hypothesis actually entails. Italian politics scholars seemed to think that the cartel is a specific type of oligopolistic market in which the supply of goods is distorted by the collusion of the oligopolistic firms which, by colluding, form …
Parliamentary Oversight For Government Accountability, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
Parliamentary Oversight For Government Accountability, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Democracy And Oversight, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Democracy And Oversight, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In the course of the past decade, political science has started paying increasing attention to the study of legislative oversight, which had been previously been described as an important but inadequately researched area of legislative activity (Lees, 1977). Lees’ comment is particularly true with regard to comparative analyses of oversight tools and practices. Some studies have recently discussed the instruments of legislative oversight (Maffio, 2002), other studies have instead investigated how legislative oversight relates to both political variables (Pennings, 2000; Damgaard, 2000; Pelizzo and Stapenhurst, 2004a) and socio-economic conditions (Pelizzo and Stapenhurst, 2004b). In spite of this renewed interest in …
A Code Of Conduct For Indonesia: Problems And Perspectives, Riccardo Pelizzo, Bernice Ang
A Code Of Conduct For Indonesia: Problems And Perspectives, Riccardo Pelizzo, Bernice Ang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The purpose of the present paper is fairly straightforward. We want to show that institutional reforms, such as the adoption of a conduct code, represent a necessary albeit insufficient condition to curb corruption and promote good governance. As several scholars have pointed out the success of institutional reform in general and the success of codes of conduct in particular depends, among other things, on ideational conditions. With regard to codes of conduct, parliamentary ethics experts believe in fact that the success of a code of conduct depends on whether the individuals who are supposed to be regulated by the disposition …
The Role Of Parliaments In The Budget Process, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
The Role Of Parliaments In The Budget Process, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Ideological Orientation: Does It Still Make A Difference?, Riccardo Pelizzo
Ideological Orientation: Does It Still Make A Difference?, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Public Accounts Committees, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Public Accounts Committees, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Hungary: Protection Of Ethnic Minorities And Institutional Balance, Anna Gwiazda, Kenneth Benoit
Hungary: Protection Of Ethnic Minorities And Institutional Balance, Anna Gwiazda, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
United in support for the EU constitution, the Hungarians none the less remember the past dismemberment of their country, as a result of which a significant number of Hungarian minorities live in neighboring countries. Hence, it was not surprising that the Hungarian government’s position at the IGC 2003–4 focused on the protection of minority rights, although institutional balance was also important. The only “exclusive” Hungarian proposal of the “protection of ethnic and national minorities” was supported by both the socialists and the opposition Fidesz–Hungarian Civic Party. Hungary joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. EU membership had been a …
Rights Of Culture, Rights Of Conscience, Chandran Kukathas
Rights Of Culture, Rights Of Conscience, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this contribution I take up a particularly troubling issue in the theory of human rights. It is the issue of intervention to defend or uphold — or re-assert and re-establish — human rights. The issue is a troubling one because intervention in the affairs of others is always something we should be wary of, not least because history is full of unhappy episodes of intervention, from the Spanish in the Americas to the Chinese in Tibet. Indeed, so difficult and complex are the issues raised that one might be tempted in a discussion of human rights simply to separate …
A Spatial Analysis Of The Xiii Italian Legislature, Massimiliano Landi, Riccardo Pelizzo
A Spatial Analysis Of The Xiii Italian Legislature, Massimiliano Landi, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We present a spatial map of the Italian House of Deputies during the XIII Legislature obtained by applying the Poole and Rosenthal methodology to roll call data. We estimate coordinates for almost all the 650 Deputies that were on the House’s floor at the time, and we aggregate them according to parties. We find that voting patters generate basically a two dimensional political space. The first dimension represents loyalty to either the ruling coalition or the opposing one. The second dimension is represented by the European Union. These findings are consistent with the exceptional case of the party Northern League, …
How To Understand China: The Dangers And Opportunities Of Being A Rising Power, William A. Callahan
How To Understand China: The Dangers And Opportunities Of Being A Rising Power, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
china’s situation lends itself to hyperbole. the people’s republic of china (prc) has the largest population in the world, the fastest growing economy in the world, the largest army in the world, the largest middle class in the world, a permanent seat on the united nations security council, a manned space programme, a nuclear arsenal, and so on. but analysts, commentators and policymakers have yet to decide just how to understand china.
Measuring National Delegate Positions At The Convention On The Future Of Europe Using Computerized Word Scoring, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Christine Arnold, Paul Pennings, Madeline O. Hosli
Measuring National Delegate Positions At The Convention On The Future Of Europe Using Computerized Word Scoring, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Christine Arnold, Paul Pennings, Madeline O. Hosli
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The Convention on the Future of Europe that led to the eventual drafting of an EU Constitution involved numerous political actors from many countries. Their negotiations over the constitution generated a huge volume of texts containing substantive information about their preferences for EU institutional and political outcomes. In this paper, we attempt to measure these preferences at the national party level by analysing the Convention texts using the computerized ‘word-scoring’ method for text analysis (Laver et al., 2003). For each national party whose delegates’ texts were recorded at the Convention, we estimate their positions on four political dimensions. We then …
Social Capital And Corruption: Vote Buying And The Politics Of Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Social Capital And Corruption: Vote Buying And The Politics Of Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
I offer a critical view of the social capital thesis, which frequently argues that more is better (and less is worse), by examining the ethics of social capital, using Pierre Bourdieu's understanding of networks as defined by their limits. I argue that social capital only assumes conceptual coherence when distinguished from its complementary opposite. I illustrate these theoretical points with a discussion of political reform in Thailand and the 2001 general election. The election exemplifies the benefits of the circulation of social capital: voter turnout and party membership were up, and civil society was active. Yet democratic achievements in Thailand …
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan In Comparative Context, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan In Comparative Context, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper first reviews a number of epistemological and methodological issues relating to the estimation of party policy positions, particularly in a comparative context, with special reference to the methodology of ‘expert surveys’. It is argued that expert surveys, as systematic summaries of the views of country specialists, have a particular role in assessing the content validity of other types of estimates of party policy positions. The paper moves on to analyze the positions of Japanese political parties in a comparative context, using results from a new 47-country expert survey. Attention is paid both to the substantive policy content of …
Mapping The Irish Policy Space: Voter And Party Spaces In Preferential Elections, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Mapping The Irish Policy Space: Voter And Party Spaces In Preferential Elections, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this note we map the Irish policy space, locating both voters and parties on the most salient policy dimensions in Ireland. Estimates of the voter locations are based on the Irish National Election Survey (INES), conducted in 2002. Estimates of the party positions are based on an expert survey of party positions conducted by the authors in late 2002. We show that respondent self-placements on a priori policy scales are highly biased and difficult to interpret, and we rely instead on building scale positions for respondents from their answers to relevant attitude questions in the INES. The results provide …
How Qualitative Research Really Counts, Kenneth Benoit
How Qualitative Research Really Counts, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The main point of this essay is straightforward: The distinction between quantitative and qualitative research, when applied to empirical political analysis, is exaggerated and largely artificial. In fact, most political scientists can happily perform valid and useful research without being concerned about where they stand on the quantitative-qualitative divide. Furthermore, qualitative characterizations are often easily converted into quantitative characterizations, and many qualitative characterizations are implicitly quantitative to begin with. Finally, qualitative characterizations of the empirical world are almost always more useful when converted into quantitative ones.
The Discourse Of Vote-Buying And Political Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
The Discourse Of Vote-Buying And Political Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Political reform movements have grown up as part of democratic transition in many societies. Liberal political reformers typically seek to change legal and institutional mechanisms in order to "clean up" the irrationality and corruption of the regime. This essay uses the Thai case to critically examine these issues by interrogating the central role that the discourse of vote buying plays not just in Thai politics, but in the project of political reform itself. Indeed, in the 1990s vote buying turned from being one of many campaign tactics into the guiding metaphor of the "political disease" not simply of elections, but …
Neither Proximity Nor Directionality: A Subjective Approach To Issue Voting, Riccardo Pelizzo
Neither Proximity Nor Directionality: A Subjective Approach To Issue Voting, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Spatial theories of voting have provided one of the leading frameworks for the analysis of electoral competition and electoral behavior. Spatial theories assume that : (1) voters and parties have policy preferences, (2) these preferences can be represented by points in the policy space and (3) voters’ electoral choice is affected by the disposition of their own preferences and of those of political parties. For almost four decades proximity theory has been the most popular spatial theory of voting. Proximity theory suggested that voters value parties on the basis of how proximate they are to their own personal position. This …
Introduction: China, Ltd, William A. Callahan
Introduction: China, Ltd, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The study of Chinese nationalism is very popular--both in China and the West. This article introduces a special section of seven articles (four of which are in this issue) on 'The Limits of Chinese Nationalism', arguing that our understanding of nationalism in China is problematic. This special section aims to explore the limits of many of the statements about Chinese nationalism that have now become 'common sense': the rise of Chinese nationalism, nationalism filling an ideological vacuum, elites manipulating nationalism to gain legitimacy, and so on. Using critical IR theory this Introduction explores the concept of limits to argue that …
Analysis And Insights From A Dynamical Model Of Nuclear Plant Safety Risk, Stephen Hess, Alfonso M. Albano, John Gaertner
Analysis And Insights From A Dynamical Model Of Nuclear Plant Safety Risk, Stephen Hess, Alfonso M. Albano, John Gaertner
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this paper, we expand upon previously reported results of a dynamical systems model for the impact of plant processes and programmatic performance on nuclear plant safety risk. We utilize both analytical techniques and numerical simulations typical of the analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems to obtain insights important for effective risk management. This includes use of bifurcation diagrams to show that period doubling bifurcations and regions of chaotic dynamics can occur. We also investigate the impact of risk mitigating functions (equipment reliability and loss prevention) on plant safety risk and demonstrate that these functions are capable of improving risk to …
Scrutinizing Public Expenditures - Assessing The Performance Of Public Accounts Committees, Rick Stapenhurst, Vinod Sahgal, William Woodley, Riccardo Pelizzo
Scrutinizing Public Expenditures - Assessing The Performance Of Public Accounts Committees, Rick Stapenhurst, Vinod Sahgal, William Woodley, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Trust (And Social Capital) In Cultural Theory, Marco Verweij
Trust (And Social Capital) In Cultural Theory, Marco Verweij
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
A Subjective Approach To The Study Of Oligopolistic Party Systems, Riccardo Pelizzo
A Subjective Approach To The Study Of Oligopolistic Party Systems, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The purpose of this paper is to present a new theory of the cartel party. My argument is straightforward. Assuming that parties are the political analog of firms, that party systems are the political analog of markets, that the shares of the electorate are the political analog of the market shares that firms control, Western European party systems share with oligopolistic markets some structural features. Yet, to know whether Western European party systems resemble oligopolistic markets, we need to know whether Western European party systems are non-competitive political markets exactly in the same way in which oligopolistic markets are not …