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Articles 361 - 390 of 555
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
Questioning Thomas Pogge's Proposals To Eradicate Global Poverty, Eduard Jordaan
Questioning Thomas Pogge's Proposals To Eradicate Global Poverty, Eduard Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Moral cosmopolitanism has often been criticised for being too demanding and not offering a viable solution to the problem of extreme global poverty. Thomas Pogge has responded to both these concerns by arguing that it is possible to eradicate most global poverty through relatively light international-level actions. Pogge's proposals can be divided into two broad categories: financial transfers to the poor and international institutional reforms (which include changing the rules of global trade and restricting the ability of undemocratic governments to borrow internationally or sell off their country's natural resources). However, Pogge's proposed international-level actions are unlikely to eradicate global …
Do Muslims Vote Islamic?, Charles Kurzman, Ijlal Naqvi
Do Muslims Vote Islamic?, Charles Kurzman, Ijlal Naqvi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Islamic parties have won parliamentary elections in several countries in recent years, leading some observers to speculate that Muslims vote Islamic whenever they are given the chance. However, a review of every parliamentary election in Muslim societies over the past 40 years shows that Islamic parties often compete and rarely win—and the freer the election, the worse these parties perform. In addition, an unprecedented collection of Islamic party platforms shows that Islamic parties have transformed since the 1980s, publicly endorsing democracy and women's rights and de-emphasizing shari'a and jihad. This record suggests that Islamic parties have embraced elections more than …
Eu Defence Integration And Nuclear Weapons: A Common Deterrent For Europe?, Ursula Jasper, Clara Portela
Eu Defence Integration And Nuclear Weapons: A Common Deterrent For Europe?, Ursula Jasper, Clara Portela
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Nuclear weapons remain the unquestioned core of the defence postures of both France and the United Kingdom. At the same time, the European Union is progressively enhancing its Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), notably through the establishment of a European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). Yet, despite evident progress in the CFSP, whose ultimate purpose is to lead to a ‘common defence policy’, EU member-states still deal with nuclear issues on a predominantly national basis. What is the alleged purpose of European nuclear forces? How is the raison d’être of the French and British nuclear deterrents conceptualized against the …
Party Policy And Group Affiliation In The European Parliament, Gail Mcelroy, Kenneth Benoit
Party Policy And Group Affiliation In The European Parliament, Gail Mcelroy, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Systematic empirical research has yet to explain how national parties join political groups in the European Parliament. This article first demonstrates, using original empirical measures from expert surveys of party positions, that EP party groups consist of national parties sharing similar policy positions. Secondly, using Bayesian/MCMC methods, the paper estimates the policy determinants of group affiliation using a (conditional) multinomial logit model to explain that party group choice is largely driven by policy congruence. Finally, predictions from the model identify national parties not in their ideally congruent EP groups. The findings suggest that the organization of and switching between EP …
Incumbent And Challenger Campaign Spending Effects In Proportional Electoral Systems The Irish Elections Of 2002, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
Incumbent And Challenger Campaign Spending Effects In Proportional Electoral Systems The Irish Elections Of 2002, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Positive effects of campaign spending on electoral outcomes have been found in several comparative, multiparty contexts, but very few of these systems use proportional representation. The few studies examining spending effects in multiparty elections have found that incumbent spending is no less effective than challenger spending, contrary to the vast bulk of empirical literature drawn from single-member district contexts. This study reexamines incumbent-challenger differences in spending effects under the single transferable vote. Examining the Irish general elections of 2002, the authors find a positive and statistically significant relationship between spending and votes. Candidates that spend more win more votes, and …
A New Approach To Human Rights (And China), William A. Callahan
A New Approach To Human Rights (And China), William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The focus of dialogue with Beijing about human rights should shift from enforcing universal laws towards building a shared moral identity, says William A Callahan.
Expatriatism: The Theory And Practice Of Open Borders, Chandran Kukathas
Expatriatism: The Theory And Practice Of Open Borders, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Every day, large numbers of people cross borders that separate one political jurisdiction from another. Most do so legally, though many break the law in changing jurisdictions. Many more do not cross borders, because they dare not break the law or cannot cross undetected-sometimes because they are denied permission to leave one jurisdiction, and other times because they are prohibited from entering another. Some cross borders fully aware that they are leaving one defined space and entering another, while others have no idea that anything has changed or that the imaginary lines that define distinct regions exist even in the …
The Islamists Are Not Coming, Charles Kurzman, Ijlal Naqvi
The Islamists Are Not Coming, Charles Kurzman, Ijlal Naqvi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Do Muslims automatically vote Islamic? That's the concern conjured up by strongmen from Tunis to Tashkent, and plenty of Western experts agree. They point to the political victories of Islamc parties in Egypt, Palestine, and Turkey in recent years and warn that more elections across the Islamic world could turn power over to anti-democratic fundamentalists.
Understanding Hayek, Chandran Kukathas
Understanding Hayek, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although some of this will be familiar to a number of you all,I will talk a bit about Friedrich A. Hayek since I am goingfirst. I’ll say a little bit about his life, how he came to theideas that he became so famous for espousing, and then a little bitabout his liberalism and the contribution he has made to liberaltheory and to intellectual life.
The Right To Survival In The Democratic People’S Republic Of Korea, Jiyoung Song
The Right To Survival In The Democratic People’S Republic Of Korea, Jiyoung Song
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
For the past decade, the author has examined North Korean primary public documents and concludes that there have been changes of identities and ideas in the public discourse of human rights in the DPRK: from strong post-colonialism to Marxism-Leninism, from there to the creation of Juche as the state ideology and finally 'our style' socialism. This paper explains the background to KIM Jong Il's 'our style' human rights in North Korea: his broader framework, 'our style' socialism, with its two supporting ideational mechanisms, named 'virtuous politics' and 'military-first politics'. It analyses how some of these characteristics have disappeared while others …
Mobilizing For Human Rights: International Law In Domestic Politics [Book Review], Jiyoung Song
Mobilizing For Human Rights: International Law In Domestic Politics [Book Review], Jiyoung Song
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Review of Mobilizing for human rights: international law in domestic politics by Beth A Simmons, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2009, ISBN 9780521885102 (hbk), ISBN 978-0-521-71232-3 (pbk), 451 pp. And Clifford Bob (ed.), The international struggle for new human rights, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, ISBN 9780812241310, 195 pp.
Dialogic Cosmopolitanism And Global Justice, Eduard Jordaan
Dialogic Cosmopolitanism And Global Justice, Eduard Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although the term “cosmopolitan-communitarian debate” never really caught on, a national-global fault line remains prominent in debates about global justice. “Dialogic cosmopolitanism” holds the promise of bridging this alleged fault line by accepting many of the communitarian criticisms against cosmopolitanism and following what can be described as a communitarian path to cosmopolitanism. This article identifies and describes four key elements that distinguish dialogic cosmopolitanism: a respect for difference; a commitment to genuine dialogue; an open, hesitant and self-problematising attitude on the part of the moral subject; and an undertaking to expand the boundaries of moral concern to the point of …
Dialogic Cosmopolitanism And Global Justice, Eduard Christiaan Jordaan
Dialogic Cosmopolitanism And Global Justice, Eduard Christiaan Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although the term “cosmopolitan-communitarian debate” never really caught on, a national-global fault line remains prominent in debates about global justice. “Dialogic cosmopolitanism” holds the promise of bridging this alleged fault line by accepting many of the communitarian criticisms against cosmopolitanism and following what can be described as a communitarian path to cosmopolitanism. This article identifies and describes four key elements that distinguish dialogic cosmopolitanism: a respect for difference; a commitment to genuine dialogue; an open, hesitant and self-problematising attitude on the part of the moral subject; and an undertaking to expand the boundaries of moral concern to the point of …
Who Governs Energy? The Challenges Facing Global Energy Governance, Ann Florini, Benjamin K. Sovacool
Who Governs Energy? The Challenges Facing Global Energy Governance, Ann Florini, Benjamin K. Sovacool
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article conceptualizes the energy problems facing society from a global governance perspective. It argues that a notion of "global energy governance," taken to mean international collective action efforts undertaken to manage and distribute energy resources and provide energy services, offers a meaningful and useful framework for assessing energy-related challenges. The article begins by exploring the concepts of governance, global governance, and global energy governance. It then examines some of the existing institutions in place to establish and carry out rules and norms governing global energy problems and describes the range of institutional design options available to policymakers. It briefly …
The Cartography Of National Humiliation And The Emergence Of China’S Geobody, William A. Callahan
The Cartography Of National Humiliation And The Emergence Of China’S Geobody, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Maps are an important site of the production and consumption of the national image. This essay examines modern Chinese maps to show how the very material borders between foreign and domestic space are the outgrowth of the symbolic workings of historical geography and the conventions of Chinese cartography. These maps do much more than celebrate the extent of Chinese sovereignty; they also mourn the loss of national territories through a cartography of national humiliation. The goal of this essay is to shift our attention from the diplomatic issues of international borders to examine what Chinese maps of China can tell …
Irish Political Parties And Policy Stances On European Integration, Kenneth Benoit
Irish Political Parties And Policy Stances On European Integration, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Support for the political and economic integration of Europe has formed an increasingly important policy issue for Irish political parties as the European Union has grown in importance at both the domestic and European level. This article examines the political positioning of Irish parties on the issue of European integration, comparing these positions across parties and across time. For data, it draws on expert surveys taken at each election since 1992, a time series of coded manifestos as well as a computerized content analysis of the 2007 party manifestos. The article also reports the results of a previously unpublished expert …
Patriotic Cosmopolitanism: China’S Non-Official Intellectuals’ Dream Of The Future, William A. Callahan
Patriotic Cosmopolitanism: China’S Non-Official Intellectuals’ Dream Of The Future, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
One of the fascinating things about China today is that it is a country in flux. With each turn along China’s path of rapid economic growth, a new set of political, economic and social questions arises. Hence it is very difficult to understand what is going on in China – not only for outsiders, but also for the Chinese people themselves.
Presidents, Parties, And Policy Competition, Nina Wiesehomeier, Kenneth Benoit
Presidents, Parties, And Policy Competition, Nina Wiesehomeier, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Presidential systems present a unique possibility for spatial competition between elected political agents, since presidents may represent different policy positions than the parties to which they belong. Previous research, however, has lacked a firm empirical basis on which to measure these differences. We remedy this situation, providing independent estimates of positions and saliencies for presidents and parties on multiple policy dimensions in 18 Latin American countries, from original expert survey data. Our results offer strong evidence that positioning on nearly all political issues neatly reduces to a single dimension of left-right contestation. Furthermore, contrasting differences between the positioning of presidents …
Wolf Totem’S “Rational Exploration” Of Civilization And Barbarism, William A. Callahan
Wolf Totem’S “Rational Exploration” Of Civilization And Barbarism, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
China Beat has examined the bestselling novel Wolf Totem (Lang tuteng) from a number of different angles, including reviews (by Nicole Barnes and Timothy Weston) as well as several cultural critiques of the book and its media coverage (by Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Haiyan Lee). Now, on the eve of China’s big anniversary, and in a moment, simultaneously, when ethnicity is a crucial flashpoint in the PRC, William Callahan reflects on what the book tells us about China’s nation-building ideology.The fantastic success of Jiang Rong’s Lang tuteng [Wolf Totem] shows how notions of Chinese identity and culture are moving in new …
Challenges For Estimating Policy Preferences: Announcing An Open Access Archive Of Political Documents, Kenneth Benoit, Thomas Brauninger, Marc Debus
Challenges For Estimating Policy Preferences: Announcing An Open Access Archive Of Political Documents, Kenneth Benoit, Thomas Brauninger, Marc Debus
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We provide a comparative perspective on the contributions of the special issue with regard to their applied methods and findings. In addition, we discuss problems that arise when using ‘wrong’ or at least ‘incorrect’ versions of election manifestos by presenting replications of estimated policy positions of German parties. We show that the latter can result in biased estimates that may affect the outcome of theoretical models. On the basis of those findings, we present the idea of the open access archive polidoc.net to build up a common database for political texts.
A Relative Impact Ranking Of Political Studies In Ireland, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
A Relative Impact Ranking Of Political Studies In Ireland, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Against a background of the Irish government’s concerns with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and the British government’s wishes for a more quantitative Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), our study conducts a relative impact assessment of the study of politics, government, political science, and international relations in Ireland. Impact is measured as citations from the publications of permanent staff in eight Irish politics departments, based on data compiled in April 2008 from two leading academic indexes – ISI’s Web of Science and Scopus – as well as the now popular Google Scholar. We discuss some of the criticisms that naturally arise in …
One Cheer For Constantinople: A Comment On Pettit And Skinner On Hobbes And Freedom, Chandran Kukathas
One Cheer For Constantinople: A Comment On Pettit And Skinner On Hobbes And Freedom, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner find Hobbes's understanding of freedom as non-interference inadequate because it fails to appreciate what is wrong with a life lived as a slave. Though their critiques have some force, however, Hobbes's view of freedom has virtues of its own. It is highly sensitive to the fact that freedom is a matter of degree. It is also unlikely to mistake freedom for something else, like security or dignity. Moreover, Hobbes is not as unmindful of the dangers of servility as many think.
Radical Politics In Hong Kong: Can Business Make A Difference?, James T. H. Tang
Radical Politics In Hong Kong: Can Business Make A Difference?, James T. H. Tang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
As Hong Kong in 2009 retained its title as the world’s freest economy for the fifteenth consecutive year, radicalism seemed to have gained wider support in local politics at a time of economic turbulence—even though a timetable for universal suffrage has been set.
Do We Have A Winner? What The China-India Paradox May Reveal About Regime Type And Human Security, Devin K. Joshi
Do We Have A Winner? What The China-India Paradox May Reveal About Regime Type And Human Security, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
As the concept of human security spreads in the pose-Cold War period it is often presumed chat non-democracies have worse human security than democracies. But the national human security (NHS) siruation in weak or failed democracies can be even worse than in some non-democracies. So how exactly do the NHS records of stares with different regime types like non-democratic China and democratic India compare? To address this question the paper assesses and compares NH S in terms of "freedom from want" (anti-poverty security) and "freedom from fear" (anti-violence securiry). Ir develops a theory of how different regime types might impact …
(In-)Coherence In Eu Foreign Policy: Exploring Sources And Remedies, Clara Portela, Kolja Raube
(In-)Coherence In Eu Foreign Policy: Exploring Sources And Remedies, Clara Portela, Kolja Raube
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
How does the EU deal with incoherence and coherence? In this paper we try to answer this research question in order to draw conclusions on the specific nature of the EU as a foreign policy actor. We define coherence and incoherence in EU foreign policy as our dependent variable in a first step. Coherence is understood as a principle guiding foreign policies in the EU as well as other international actors. Effectiveness is crucially linked to the principle of coherence, not only in the EU. However, the way in which the principle of coherence is implemented differs in ideal type …
Treating Words As Data With Error: Uncertainty In Text Statements Of Policy Positions, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Slava Mikhaylov
Treating Words As Data With Error: Uncertainty In Text Statements Of Policy Positions, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Slava Mikhaylov
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Political text offers extraordinary potential as a source of information about the policy positions of political actors. Despite recent advances in computational text analysis, human interpretative coding of text remains an important source of text-based data, ultimately required to validate more automatic techniques. The profession's main source of cross-national, time-series data on party policy positions comes from the human interpretative coding of party manifestos by the Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP). Despite widespread use of these data, the uncertainty associated with each point estimate has never been available, undermining the value of the dataset as a scientific resource. We propose a …
Proclaiming Trade Policy: 'Delegated Unilateral Powers' And The Limits On Presidential Unilateral Enactment Of Trade Policy, Brandon Rottinghaus, Elvin T. Lim
Proclaiming Trade Policy: 'Delegated Unilateral Powers' And The Limits On Presidential Unilateral Enactment Of Trade Policy, Brandon Rottinghaus, Elvin T. Lim
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article examines presidential proclamations on trade policy, a category of presidential unilateral power that we call delegated unilateral power that is used frequently in creating or modifying trade policy, between the period1974 and 2006 and tests the boundaries of the explanations predicted by the unilateral powers literature. We also find that the use of proclamations on trade policy is independent of the partisan balance in Congress. The use of proclamations modifying policies was the only tactic that comported with predicted actions from the unilateral presidency. Therefore, contrary to the expectations of the unilateral presidency, presidents are not unrestrained political …
Traditions Of Philanthropic Order, Christine Dunn Henderson
Traditions Of Philanthropic Order, Christine Dunn Henderson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Individuals act more or less simultaneously as economic agents, citizens, and participants in civil society. Their interactions and their ways of fulfilling these roles take many forms. Not all of them can be said to be self-organizing, yet in several instances patterns of organization emerge spontaneously without being deliberately designed. Of course, the market economy—or “catallaxy,” as F. A. Hayek called it—remains the best example of such “spontaneous orders.” But there are others. Gus diZerega (2000), for example, has identified science and democracy as being similarly constituted by self-referential, self-organizing (some authors prefer the term autopoietic) processes. In this paper …
Update Mental Pictures Of Rural China, Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Update Mental Pictures Of Rural China, Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Women in straw hats stoop over water-logged plots, working together to plant rice seedlings. A weather-worn man trudges behind an ox ploughing his family's field. Farmers throw newly harvested grain in the air so the wind can carry off the chaff. Tour buses navigate past grain carefully laid out on the black-topped road to dry. Though picturesque, these images of rural China perpetuate stereotypes of a conservative culture resistant to change - and affect public policy.
More Than A Cultural Celebration: The Politics Of Chinese New Year In Post-Suharto Indonesia, Chang Yau Hoon
More Than A Cultural Celebration: The Politics Of Chinese New Year In Post-Suharto Indonesia, Chang Yau Hoon
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In the aftermath of the May 1998 riots that forced President Suharto to step down, ethnic Chinese received unprecedented freedom to assert their long suppressed cultural and religious identity. Following the transition from assimilation to multiculturalism, for the first time in over three decades Chinese culture became more visible and ethnic Chinese could finally enjoy the freedom to celebrate Chinese New Year (Imlek) publicly. This article focuses on the politics of the re-emergent Chinese New Year celebration in the Indonesian public sphere. It demonstrates the significance of Imlek as an ethnic symbol to Chinese-Indonesians. Borrowing Hobsbawm’s concept of “invented tradition”, …