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Articles 181 - 210 of 555
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
Incumbency Advantage And Candidate Characteristics In Open-List Proportional Representation Systems: Evidence From Indonesia, Sebastian Carl Dettman, Thomas B. Pepinsky, Jan H. Pierskalla
Incumbency Advantage And Candidate Characteristics In Open-List Proportional Representation Systems: Evidence From Indonesia, Sebastian Carl Dettman, Thomas B. Pepinsky, Jan H. Pierskalla
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We use evidence from Indonesia's April 2014 legislative elections to study the relationship between incumbency, list position, candidate characteristics, and electoral success in open-list PR systems. Contrary to a recent literature identifying an incumbency disadvantage in other large developing democracies, we identify a consistent personal incumbency advantage in Indonesia. However, we argue that this advantage is mediated by party choices over how incumbents and newcomers are ranked on party lists, a key heuristic for voters in low-information electoral environments such as Indonesia.
The Dumb Prof Considers Intersectionality In The Age Of Trump, Justin Kh Tse
The Dumb Prof Considers Intersectionality In The Age Of Trump, Justin Kh Tse
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Among decent, intelligent, and respectable human beings in the United States and around the world, the occupation of Donald Trump of the American presidency is the shock that never ends. Much of this has to do with how vulgar the man is. The activist-academic terms intersectionality and identity politics have in turn entered into our popular vocabulary as words that might describe how all of these aggrieved groups might resist the Trump Administration. This resistance, it is claimed, is necessary because these various groups have not only been insulted by Trump’s rhetoric, but have also been oppressed by draconian policies …
Adam Smith, Settler Colonialism, And Cosmopolitan Overstretch, Onur Ulas Ince
Adam Smith, Settler Colonialism, And Cosmopolitan Overstretch, Onur Ulas Ince
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Adam Smith has recently been celebrated as a precocious theorist of commercialcosmopolitanism who decried the injustice of imperial conquest and extraction. This paperfocuses on Smith’s endorsement of settler colonialism in North America and argues thatSmith’s newfound cosmopolitanism is overstretched. Smith welcomed settler colonies as theembodiment of the “natural progress of opulence” and spared them from his invective againstother imperial practices like chattel slavery and trade monopolies. Smith’s embrace of settlercolonies, however, involved him in an ideological conundrum insofar as the prosperity ofoverseas settlements rested on imperial expansion and seizure of land from Native Americans.I contend that Smith muffled this disturbing …
South Africa And Sexual Orientation Rights At The United Nations: Batting For Both Sides, Eduard Jordaan
South Africa And Sexual Orientation Rights At The United Nations: Batting For Both Sides, Eduard Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In 2011 South Africa led the UN Human Rights Council to adopt the first-ever UN resolution on sexual orientation. In 2014, South Africa was the only African state to support the follow-up to the 2011 resolution. These actions create the impression that South Africa is strongly committed to the international advancement of sexual orientation rights. However, this article scrutinises South Africa’s actions on sexual orientation rights at the UN for the period 1995–2015 and will demonstrate South Africa’s inconsistency, its frequent failures to support sexual orientation rights internationally, and its various actions against the advancement of these rights. The article …
Sector-Specific Development And Policy Vulnerability In The Philippines, Jacob I. Ricks
Sector-Specific Development And Policy Vulnerability In The Philippines, Jacob I. Ricks
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Why does a state build institutional capacity in certain sectors rather than others? Despite having gained leverage explaining the emergence of institutions in the developmental states of East Asia, we have comparatively weak accounts for sub‐national variation in institutional strength, a much more common phenomenon. Investigating the surprising achievements of the Philippines’ National Irrigation Administration, this article advances a theory of sectoral success in the face of a generally poor developmental record. The author demonstrates that executives will only construct institutional capacity when facing strong political pressure combined with resource scarcity. Such vulnerability permits politicians to exercise discretion in choosing …
Street-Level Bureaucrats And Irrigation Policy Reform In Southeast Asia, Jacob I. Ricks
Street-Level Bureaucrats And Irrigation Policy Reform In Southeast Asia, Jacob I. Ricks
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Policy reforms are difficult for developing states, especially when they are meant to improve cooperation and collaboration between private citizens and state officials, such as in the case of education, health care provision, business-state relations, and policing. A large part of this challenge is that the policy reforms required for coproduction of services necessitate development of state capacity in new directions. Using the substantive issue of irrigation reforms, especially those aimed at improving service provision and farmer participation, I identify three lessons for reformers regarding the implementation of policy for the coproduction of services. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Thailand …
Why Knowledge Is Special, Shane Ryan
Why Knowledge Is Special, Shane Ryan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
I argue against Greco's account of the value of knowledge, according to which knowledge is distinctively valuable vis-a-vis that which falls short of knowledge in virtue of its status as an achievement and achievements being finally valuable. Instead, I make the case that virtuous belief is also an achievement. I argue that the nature of knowledge is such that knowledge is finally valuable in a way that virtuous belief is not, precisely because knowledge is not simply a success from ability. The value of knowledge lies in the positive responsiveness of the world to an agent's epistemic virtuousness.
Estimating Intra-Party Preferences: Comparing Speeches To Votes, Daniel Schwarz, Denise Traber, Kenneth Benoit
Estimating Intra-Party Preferences: Comparing Speeches To Votes, Daniel Schwarz, Denise Traber, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Well-established methods exist for measuring party positions, but reliable means for estimating intra-party preferences remain underdeveloped. While most efforts focus on estimating the ideal points of individual legislators based on inductive scaling of roll call votes, this data suffers from two problems: selection bias due to unrecorded votes and strong party discipline, which tends to make voting a strategic rather than a sincere indication of preferences. By contrast, legislative speeches are relatively unconstrained, as party leaders are less likely to punish MPs for speaking freely as long as they vote with the party line. Yet, the differences between roll call …
Dreaming As A Critical Discourse Of National Belonging: China Dream, American Dream And World Dream, William A. Callahan
Dreaming As A Critical Discourse Of National Belonging: China Dream, American Dream And World Dream, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article explores the normative politics of national belonging through an analysis of the ‘China Dream’ and the ‘American Dream’. It traces how politicians and public intellectuals employ such slogans to highlight how national dreams emerge in times of crisis and involve a combination of aspirations and anxieties. It compares parallel rhetorical strategies – ‘patriotic worrying’ in China and the American Jeremiad in the US – to examine how belonging to these two nations involves a nostalgic longing for the past as a model for the future. Debates about the meaning of these national dreams highlight the tension between freedom …
The Elements Of Effective Program Design: A Two-Level Analysis, Michael Howlett, Ishani Mukherjee, Jeremy Rayner
The Elements Of Effective Program Design: A Two-Level Analysis, Michael Howlett, Ishani Mukherjee, Jeremy Rayner
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Policy and program design is a major theme of contemporary policy research, aimed at improving the understanding of how the processes, methods and tools of policy-making are employed to better formulate effective policies and programs, and to understand the reasons why such designs are not forthcoming. However while many efforts have been made to evaluate policy design, less work has focused on program designs. This article sets out to fill this gap in knowledge of design practices in policy-making. It outlines the nature of the study of policy design with a particular focus on the nature of programs and the …
International Organizations As Mobilizing Structures: World Csr Associations And Their Disparate Impacts On Members’ Csr Practices, 2000-2016, Shawn Pope, Alwyn Lim
International Organizations As Mobilizing Structures: World Csr Associations And Their Disparate Impacts On Members’ Csr Practices, 2000-2016, Shawn Pope, Alwyn Lim
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
International organizations are key players in globalization, but not all international organizations influence global processes in the same ways. In this paper, we argue that differences in international organizations’ mobilizing structures can shape the extent to which these organizations can positively impact the practices of their members. We present the first comparative and quantitative assessment of world corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations that comprise business participants that act collectively to address pressing social and environmental concerns. We conduct time-series panel regression analyses of a unique dataset of business participation in three core world CSR associations and test their effects on …
Lee Kuan Yew’S Singapore Bloomed In The Shadow Of The Cold War, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Lee Kuan Yew’S Singapore Bloomed In The Shadow Of The Cold War, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay considers how Singapore's economic success owes a great debt to Lee Kuan Yew's Cold War diplomacy and decision to align with the US during the Vietnam War.
Going Green In Thailand: Upgrading In Global Organic Value Chains, John A. Donaldson, Joel D. Moore
Going Green In Thailand: Upgrading In Global Organic Value Chains, John A. Donaldson, Joel D. Moore
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Under what conditions are small-scale farmers able to overcome significant barriers to shift into producing organic rice? In a global context, the answers are vital. Rice – as with other staple goods – in many areas of the developing world has become dependent on chemical fertilizers, causing rapid deterioration in the natural environment. Rice grown with chemical fertilizers is less safe to consume. While the global environmental imperative justifies conversion (or in most cases, reconversion) to the production of organic (or at least safer) rice, the local impact of the overuse of chemical fertilizers is just as crucial. Chemical fertilizers …
Introduction: Understanding Central-Local Relations In China, John A. Donaldson
Introduction: Understanding Central-Local Relations In China, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
How do we understand the evolution of central-local relations in China during the reform period? This book addresses this question by focusing on eight separate issues in which the central-local relationship has been especially salient – government finance, investment control, regional development, administrative zoning, implementation, culture, social welfare and international relations. Each chapter introduces a sector and the way the center and various local governments have shared or divided power over the different periods of China’s reform era. The balance of power is gauged dynamically over time to measure the extent to which one level of government dominates, influences or …
China's Administrative Hierarchy: The Balance Of Power And Winners And Losers Within China's Levels Of Government, John A. Donaldson
China's Administrative Hierarchy: The Balance Of Power And Winners And Losers Within China's Levels Of Government, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The China that Chairman Mao Zedong ruled was primarily agrarian. Mao’s party, consistent with the ideas of Lenin on which it was partially based, pursued planned industrialization by promoting state-owned manufacturing. This endeavor involved all sectors of society in the push to catch up with the West – even to the point of imploring rural residents to smelt steel in backyard furnaces. These efforts showed some success – by 1978 manufacturing’s share of GDP had risen from the 28 percent it held in 1949. Yet even after three decades, manufacturing still represented less than half of GDP, while the country’s …
Visual International Politics At London School Of Economics, William A. Callahan
Visual International Politics At London School Of Economics, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
International Relations is in the midst of a ‘visual turn’, because images play an increasingly important role in shaping international political events and our understanding of them. 'Visual International Politics’, a final- year undergraduate course at the London School of Economics, is unique because students don’t just study and critique visual media – they make their own films. The course thus has con ceptual and practical objectives and so employs pedagogies of meta- cognition and experiential learning in order to achieve those. At a conceptual level, students learn how to use a range of theoret ical and methodological approaches to …
The History Problem: The Politics Of War Commemoration In East Asia, Hiro Saito
The History Problem: The Politics Of War Commemoration In East Asia, Hiro Saito
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Seventy years have passed since the end of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains embroiled in controversy with its neighbors over the war’s commemoration. Among the many points of contention between Japan, China, and South Korea are interpretations of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and compensation for foreign victims of Japanese aggression, prime ministerial visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the war’s portrayal in textbooks. Collectively, these controversies have come to be called the “history problem.” But why has the problem become so intractable? Can it ever be resolved, and if so, how? To answer these questions, the author …
Social Media And Political Communication In The 2014 Elections To The European Parliament, Paul Nulty, Yannis Theocharis, Sebastian Adrian Popa, Olivier Parnet, Kenneth Benoit
Social Media And Political Communication In The 2014 Elections To The European Parliament, Paul Nulty, Yannis Theocharis, Sebastian Adrian Popa, Olivier Parnet, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Social media play an increasingly important part in the communication strategies of political campaigns by reflecting information about the policy preferences and opinions of political actors and their public followers. In addition, the content of the messages provides rich information about the political issues and the framing of those issues during elections, such as whether contested issues concern Europe or rather extend pre-existing national debates. In this study, we survey the European landscape of social media using tweets originating from and referring to political actors during the 2014 European Parliament election campaign. We describe the language and national distribution of …
Small Infrastructure Has Big Impact In China, John A. Donaldson
Small Infrastructure Has Big Impact In China, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
It is a familiar dilemma to policymakers around Asia: How much infrastructure, and what kind, is enough? How should developing economies prioritize when the needs are so great? China’s experience offers a surprising answer. While large-scale infrastructure sometimes generates GDP growth (it often does not), smaller is often better for poverty reduction.
What Do Chinese Really Think About Democracy And India?, Devin K. Joshi, Yizhe Xu
What Do Chinese Really Think About Democracy And India?, Devin K. Joshi, Yizhe Xu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
There has been much speculation about whether China will democratize and avoid conflict with India in the twenty-first century. Yet, few studies have investigated how contemporary Chinese view India and its democracy. Addressing this gap in the literature, the authors examined Chinese media coverage of India’s two-month long April–May 2014 parliamentary election, the largest election in world history, through systematic analysis of over 500 articles from ten major mass media outlets and over 27,000 messages transmitted on Sina Weibo social media. As might be expected, Chinese mass media generally portrayed India and its elections in a condescending fashion while avoiding …
The New Global Energy Governance, Ann Florini
The New Global Energy Governance, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Until recently, global energy policy - to the degree there was any meaningful globally coordinated energy policy – dealt overwhelmingly with oil. Now, a new agenda and new set of actors is coming into play. The world needs a fundamental change in energy systems to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The task is to provide more energy to more people without fostering runaway climate change or going to war over resources. With formal global agreement in 2015 on the need to move rapidly toward decarbonisation of the energy system, while simultaneously providing energy access to the billions who …
Urban Adaptation To Mega-Drought: Anticipatory Water Modeling, Policy, And Planning For The Urban Southwest, Patricia Gober, David A. Sampson, Ray Quay, Dave D. White, Winston T. L. Chow
Urban Adaptation To Mega-Drought: Anticipatory Water Modeling, Policy, And Planning For The Urban Southwest, Patricia Gober, David A. Sampson, Ray Quay, Dave D. White, Winston T. L. Chow
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper uses ‘Medieval’ drought conditions from the 12th Century to simulate the implications of severe and persistent drought for the future of water resource management in metropolitan Phoenix, one of the largest and fastest growing urban areas in the southwestern USA. WaterSim 5, an anticipatory water policy and planning model, was used to explore groundwater sustainability outcomes for mega-drought conditions across a range of policies, including population growth management, water conservation, water banking, direct reuse of RO reclaimed water, and water augmentation. Results revealed that business-as-usual population growth, per capita use trends, and management strategies are not sustainable over …
’A Beautiful Bridge’: Chinese Indonesian Associations, Social Capital And Strategic Identification In A New Era Of China Indonesia Relations, Charlotte Setijadi
’A Beautiful Bridge’: Chinese Indonesian Associations, Social Capital And Strategic Identification In A New Era Of China Indonesia Relations, Charlotte Setijadi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In Indonesia, Chinese voluntary associations took on a new level of importance after the fall of Suharto’s New Order regime in 1998 that ushered in a revival of Chinese identity politics. At the same time, Sino-Indonesian relations are blossoming, and the rise of China as a global power means that Indonesia can only benefit from stronger ties with China in the future. In this new atmosphere of cooperation, I argue that Chinese Indonesian individuals and voluntary organizations play a crucial function as trade and cultural intermediaries. Drawing on both empirical and qualitative fieldwork data, in this paper, I examine how …
On David Miller On Immigration Control, Chandran Kukathas
On David Miller On Immigration Control, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
David Miller offers a liberal realist defence of immigration control grounded in cosmopolitan ideals of self-determination, fairness and integration. But a commitment to liberal values requires a commitment to more open borders than he admits. A part of the problem is that the notion of open borders Miller criticises is under-theorised. A deeper problem is that immigration control itself is inconsistent with important liberal values – notably the values of freedom and equality. This is a concern because it is the freedom and equality not only of immigrants but also of citizens that is threatened by the closing of borders.
Are European Union Sanctions “Targeted”?, Clara Portela
Are European Union Sanctions “Targeted”?, Clara Portela
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The emergence of targeted sanctions in the mid-1990s was due to the humanitarian impact of embargoes, which were deemed unacceptable and compelled senders to shift to measures designed to affect only wrongdoers. Twenty years on, the present paper considers the extent to which autonomous sanctions are designed to affect those individuals and elites responsible for the behaviour the EU aims to condemn. How faithful has the EU remained to this concept in its sanctions policy? The enquiry scrutinizes diverse practices in three established sanctions strands of the EU, development aid suspensions, Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) sanctions and Generalised …
Chinese Christians For Trump, Justin Kh Tse
Chinese Christians For Trump, Justin Kh Tse
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Human-Scale Economics: Economic Growth And Poverty Reduction In Northeastern Thailand, Joel D. Moore, John A. Donaldson
Human-Scale Economics: Economic Growth And Poverty Reduction In Northeastern Thailand, Joel D. Moore, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Under what conditions does economic growth benefit the poor? One way to answer this question is to identify and compare positive and negative outlier areas, those that experience greater and lesser poverty reduction, respectively, compared to what was anticipated given their levels of economic growth. The more similar these areas, the more leverage there is to unearth the factors that allow the poor to benefit from growth. In this paper, we employ an inductive approach to glean possible pathways out of poverty from two highly similar underdeveloped neighboring provinces in northeastern Thailand. Using extensive fieldwork and interviews, we explore factors …
How Agribusiness Can Win In Partnership With Small Farms, John A. Donaldson
How Agribusiness Can Win In Partnership With Small Farms, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Can large-scale agribusiness reduce costs and obtain less-expensive food while also reducing poverty and inequality by engaging small-scale farmers? Many conclude that such an attractive outcome is unimaginable, but innovative pilot projects hold promise that such a reality is within reach and replicable.
Elected Presidency Changes: It’S Not Just About The Politics, David Chan
Elected Presidency Changes: It’S Not Just About The Politics, David Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The debate about the elected presidency(EP) is driven not just by politics and the law,but by perceptions, values and notions offairness. Policymakers and the public need toengage on these for fruitful discussions.
Friedrich List And The Imperial Origins Of The National Economy, Onur Ulas Ince
Friedrich List And The Imperial Origins Of The National Economy, Onur Ulas Ince
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay offers a critical reexamination of the works of Friedrich List by placing them in the context of nineteenth-century imperial economies. I argue that List's theory of the national economy is characterised by a major ambivalence, as it incorporates both imperial and anti-imperial elements. On the one hand, List pitted his national principle against the British imperialism of free trade and the relations of dependency it heralded for late developers like Germany. On the other hand, his economic nationalism aimed less at dismantling imperial core-periphery relations as a whole than at reproducing these relations domestically and expanding them globally. …