Political Science Commons^™

Robert H. Bates And Anne O. Kruger (Eds.). Political And Economic Interactions In Economic Policy Reform (Book Review), Sandra F. Joireman, Winston Wells

Political Science Faculty Publications

This volume is a welcome attempt to combine extremely disparate regional literature on structural adjustment programs. The empirical research for the book was conducted in such a way as to generate truly economic hypotheses and conclusions. Bates and Krueger commissioned eight teams of researchers; each composed of at least one political scientist and an economist. The teams' initial agenda was to unravel the puzzle of why good economics means bad politics in relation to these structural adjustment programs. To meet that end, the teams were asked to investigate three phases surrounding the adjustment programs: Informed by current theories of interest …

The Economic Dimension Of Yemeni Unity, Sheila Carapico

Political Science Faculty Publications

In North and South Yemen, disparities in patterns of private and public ownership were far more subtle than the designations "capitalist" and "socialist" suggest. In contrast with Germany, their marriage was more a merger than a takeover.

Elections And Mass Politics In Yemen, Sheila Carapico

Political Science Faculty Publications

Yemen's experiment in popular parliamentary elections has shaken things up in the Arabian Peninsula, the last place on earth that the United States wants to see democracy flourish. But internal political differences, profound economic crisis and Saudi hostility puts this achievement at risk.

From Decentralization To Centralization: Members' Changing Expectations For House Leaders, Daniel J. Palazzolo

Political Science Faculty Publications

Before the reforms of the 1970s, at least since the revolt against Speaker Joseph G. Cannon in 1910, party leaders of the House of Representatives performed tasks designed to mediate party interests both within and outside of the House. Within the House, their most important functions included organizing the party, scheduling bills, building coalitions, distributing and collecting information, and maintaining party harmony (Ripley 1967). Meanwhile, committee chairs exercised the most discretion over specific policy issues. Outside of the House, the Speaker acted as a mediator between the majority party and the, president, especially if the president was of the same …

Environmental Policy In The Ec: Neo-Functionalist Sovereignty Transfer Or Neo-Realist Gate-Keeping?, Michael G. Huelshoff, Thomas Pfeiffer

Political Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Tale Of Two Families: Change In North Yemen 1977-1989, Sheila Carapico, Cynthia Myntti

Political Science Faculty Publications

Virtually every aspect of life in North Yemen has changed dramatically since 1977, including those aspects of Yemeni society which represent continuity with the past: tribalism, rural life, and use of qat.¹ The driving force for change has been economic. By 1975, Yemen was caught up in the dramatic developments that affected all Arab countries. Rising international oil prices generated enormous surpluses in the producing countries, enabling them to initiate ambitious development plans and forcing them to import workers.

The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) was in a good position to provide those workers. In the late 1970s, one …

Trip Report: Admiral Crowe's Visit To The Soviet Union, March 17-25, 1990, Jeffrey W. Legro

Political Science Faculty Publications

I recently accompanied Admiral William Crowe, retired Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, during his 9-day stay in the USSR. The trip was an extension of the U.S.-USSR military-to-military exchanges that were initiated under Crowe's leadership at the JCS. The purposes of the trip were to reciprocate Marshal Sergei Akhromeyev's visit to the United States and to testify to the Supreme Soviet's Committee on Defense and State Security. In addition to the Admiral, the delegation included his wife, his longtime aide, Captain Jay Coupe, Steve Sestanovich of CSIS, Kurt Campbell of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Harvard's JFK …

The "L-Word": A Short History Of Liberalism, Terence Ball, Richard Dagger

Political Science Faculty Publications

Hence the question: Are these good or bad times for liberalism? To answer, we shall need a broader perspective than a survey of contemporary developments can provide. We shall need to look back, that is, to see what liberalism was in order to understand what it has become. Only then can we assess its current condition and prospects-and appreciate how politics in the United States is largely an intramural debate between different wings of liberalism.

Soviet National Security Decision Making, Kurt M. Campbell, Jeffrey W. Legro

Political Science Faculty Publications

Winston Churchill's characterization of the Soviet Union as a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma may overstate Western understanding of the USSR's national security decision-making. The evidence in this domain is sparse, and what we do have is incomplete. Indeed, the Soviets have taken extraordinary steps to maintain the black box that shields how and why their decisions are made. With these caveats in mind, knowledge of Soviet decision-making can be summed up in a few general statements. First, the Soviet leadership is an integrated political-military body, where political authority is dominant, but where the professional military retains …

The Military Meaning Of The New Soviet Doctrine, Jeffrey W. Legro

Political Science Faculty Publications

The current ferment in Soviet military doctrine has led to uncertainty and debate over its implications. On one hand, Gorbachev's peaceful rhetoric, backed by force reductions, is competing with the Bolshoi's ballerinas for favorable Western press reviews. Public opinion-and many public officials-perceive a reduced military threat from the Soviet army. On the other hand, skeptics believe that recent doctrinal changes are compatible with a modernized, more efficient Soviet military machine. In their view, the Soviet army is definitely changing, but the threat will not. A review of the operational implications of the new Soviet security themes indicates that neither the …

Winning The Presidency: The Vision And Values Approach, Joshua H. Sandman

Political Science Faculty Publications

This paper will deal with the presidential election contest. It will suggest, based on research on the presidential election process, that the presidential candidate who best articulates, verbally and symbolically, the visions and values most traditional to American society, of the broadest section of the middle class, will win the presidental election. The results of the 1988 presidential election affirm the soundness of this thesis.

Voting in a presidential election is influenced by numerous forces. This visions and values concept, to be more fully discussed below, appears to have emerged, however, over the past two decades as a decisive element …

Constraining Ground Force Exercises Of Nato And The Warsaw Pact, Robert D. Blackwill, Jeffrey W. Legro

Political Science Faculty Publications

Confidence and security building measures (CSBMs) have long been the neglected stepchild of serious arms control analysis. Some view CSBMs as "arms control junk food," frivolous, unworkable, or even detrimental. Others are so enamored of the concept that they expect proposals to be accepted as prima facie desirable. After all, the very term "confidence and security" connotes stability and peace. The problem with both positions is often the dearth of hard analysis in support of the ideas put forward and the abstract nature of the discussions of "security building." As witnessed in the contrast between the quiet success of the …

Soviet Crisis Decision‐Making And The Gorbachev Reforms, Jeffrey W. Legro

Political Science Faculty Publications

The Soviet Union led by President Mikhail Gorbachev has widely heralded the adoption of a new military doctrine which posits war prevention as its fundamental goal. Yet, as Akhromeyev acknowledges in the above quote, a reliable defence, or preparation for war, is also essential. What is not acknowledged, let alone resolved, is that the two desired goals - prevention and preparation - may come into sharp conflict, especially in a super-power crisis. Prevention of war may make it necessary to defer actions which ready forces for battle or reduce their vulnerability. If war appears likely, however, pressures will arise to …

Autonomy And Secondhand Oil Dependency Of The Yemen Arab Republic, Sheila Carapico

Political Science Faculty Publications

Recent scholarship on state autonomy in the Third World has been influenced by the dependency thesis that capital accumulation at the core of the world economy is associated with economic underdevelopment and political dependency at the periphery. Dependency reasoning is rooted in a devastating empirical critique of the once prevalent modernization paradigm, in which national state policy was the central independent variable. According to dependency theory, peripheral nations' subordinate structural positions in the international political economy results in sacrifice of authoritative policy making to foreign investors, bankers, experts, governments, and institutions or their local counterparts. Typically specializing in primary commodity …

Review Of Hidden Spending: The Politics Of Federal Credit Programs By Dennis Ippolito, William E. Hudson

Political Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Review Of The Costs Of Federalism By Robert T. Golembiewki And Aaron Wildavsky, William E. Hudson

Political Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Self-Help And Development Planning In The Yemen Arab Republic, Sheila Carapico

Political Science Faculty Publications

Virtually all contemporary development strategies stress the importance of participation by working people in both policy formation and the benefits of economic growth. Development requires .capital formation for investment in the social and economic infrastructures. Unless development investments involve mass organization, representing broad social strata, they tend to benefit only a minority of landed, administrative, or merchant capital elites. The result is an uneven pattern of development throughout the country and very often, declining standards of living for the poor majority. Moreover, numerous studies show that "top-down" programs for involving peasants in local organizations and investment projects have rarely provided …

A Prescriptive Model For Handling Nuclear Age Crises In The Executive Office, Joshua H. Sandman

Political Science Faculty Publications

From a study primarily of the Cuban missile crisis and several similar type of crises a prescriptive model will be offered to provide the President with a coherent strategy and a workable decision-making pattern to deal with possible future nuclear age crisis situations.

Review Of Federalism And Federation By Preston King, William E. Hudson

Political Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Computers, Cables, And Citizenship: On The Desirability Of Instant Direct Democracy, Richard Dagger

Political Science Faculty Publications

Mulford Sibley is not the sort of scholar who makes a career of elaborating variations on a theme. There are recurring themes in his work, however, and I want to sound two of them, participatory democracy and technology, in this essay. These themes may be joined in a number of ways, but here I shall take up only one - the possibility that advances in communications technology may actually promote democracy by extending and enhancing opportunities for political participation.

Expatriate Business And The African Response In Ghana: 1886-1939, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann

Political Science Faculty Publications

This thesis discusses the integration of' colonial Ghana into the world trading network between 1886 and 1939. It attempts to explain the underdevelopment of Ghana's economy as a result of her subjection to a system of economic and political imperialism. Ghana's contact with Britain resulted in a situation in which, although her trade economy "developed," her economic potential, as well as the potential for development of her trading and entrepreneurial classes, was thwarted. While three groups, namely the expatriate businessmen, the expatriate Government, and the African elite, interacted in the setting of economic policies, generally speaking the policies were set …

Economic Imperialism And Oligopolization Of Trade In The Gold Coast: 1886-1939, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann

Political Science Faculty Publications

This article will deal with the mechanisms of the economic takeover of the Gold Coast, between approximately 1885 and 1939. Two aspects of the takeover are dealt with: the progressive oligopolization of trading, shipping, and banking in the colony, and the influence which oligopolistic British firms exerted on government policy. The oligopolization resulted in the underdevelopment of the African trading class and its inability to develop into a genuine capitalist class; while the pursuance of a government policy dedicated to maintaining Ghana's role as a peripheral import-export economy resulted in the internal economic underdevelopment of the colony.

Economic Imperialism And Oligopolization Of Trade In The Gold Coast: 1886-1939, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann

Political Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Entrepreneurship And Economic Development: A Critique Of The Theory, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann

Political Science Faculty Publications

This thesis is a criticism of the "entrepreneurial school" of economic development, which contends that a major cause of underdevelopment in the Third World is the poor "entrepreneurial spirit" in these areas. The entrepreneurial spirit consists of certain values and behaviour which it is presumed existed in the West at the time of its development. To test the validity of this theory empirical evidence on entrepreneurs is examined; this evidence includes historical data on the West, especially the United States and France, and twenty-one area studies of entrepreneurs in the Third World. The evidence suggests that there is little difference …