Political Science Commons^™

Princípios-Tópicos De Hermenêutica Constitucional, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Houve tempo em que a Constituição servia para poisar ou charuto ou tirar um argumento político, como ironicamente afirmaria o grande escritor oitocentista Eça de Queiroz. Hoje a Constituição é a norma das normas. Daí há consequências hermenêuticas. Ao contrário das teorias que importam interpretação tradicional e, por vezes, em grande medida ultrapassada, para o Direito Constitucional, a tendência actual é a inversa: dada a supremacia da Constituição, deve ser a metodologia constitucional a exportar hermenêutica para o todo do Direito. Para isso, começamos neste artigo com grandes princípios de hermenêutica intra-constitucional. Depois se passará à exportação.

Presentation On The Arab Economies In A Changing World, Marcus Noland, Howard Pack

Marcus Noland

No abstract provided.

Fanning The Flames: Religious Media Consumption And American Politics, Brian Newman, Mark Smith

Brian Newman

Both religion and mass media are politically important in the United States. However, little is known about the political role of religious media. Religious media might be politically influential because they help translate religion into political thinking and because their consumers are likely to internalize the political cues these media provide. We find that almost a quarter of the public claims to have relied on religious media when making voting decisions in 2000. Religious media users felt significantly closer to George W. Bush and Pat Buchanan and farther away from Al Gore and were more likely to vote for Bush …

The Unequal Representation Of Latinos And Whites, Brian Newman, John D. Griffin

Brian Newman

We compare the ideological proximity of Latinos and whites to their Members of Congress (MCs), demonstrating the degree to which Latinos are underrepresented compared to whites. We show how this representation gap varies with group differences in electoral turnout and income, district ethnic composition, and MCs' ethnicity and party affiliation. We find that Latinos' unequal representation is not simply a function of the group's numerical minority status. Concentrating Latinos in congressional districts does not necessarily translate into more equal representation. However, several factors can enhance the equality of Latinos' representation-participation in elections and representation by both Latinos and Democrats.

Transformation Of Japan’S Civil Society Landscape, Mary Alice Haddad

Mary Alice Haddad

Japan’s civil society is being transformed as more people volunteer for advocacy and professional nonprofit organizations. In the American context, this trend has been accompanied by a decline in participation in traditional organizations. Does the rise in new types of nonprofit groups herald a decline of traditional volunteering in Japan? This article argues that while changes in civil rights, political opportunity structure, and technology have also taken place in Japan, they have contributed to the rise of new groups without causing traditional organizations to decline, because Japanese attitudes about civic responsibility have continued to support traditional volunteering.

Eight Scientific Problems To Understand Gaetano Mosca´S Theorie Of "The Political Class" : With A Portuguese Version Of The Mosca´S Classic Text, Carlos Luiz Strapazzon

Carlos Luiz Strapazzon

This paper provides an unpublished version into Portuguese of a classic text by Gaetano Mosca called "The political class”. It is also a reflection on theoretical problems and scientific research. It therefore has a goal to spread the theory of the elites of Gaetano Mosca and another to question the text translated based on eight theoretical key problems.

The Political Economy Of Aids Treatment: Intellectual Property And The Transformation Of Generic Supply, Kenneth C. Shadlen

Ken Shadlen

This article examines the relationship between intellectual property (IP) and public health, with a focus on the extension of AIDS treatment in the developing world. While most of the literature on IP and health examines the conditions affecting poor countries’ capacities to acquire essential medicines, I show the distinct – and more complicated – political economy of production and supply. IP regulations alter the structure of generic pharmaceutical sectors in the countries capable of supplying essential medicines, and changes in market structure affect actors’ economic and political interests and capacities. These new constellations of interests and capacities have profound implications …

Politics Of Appearances: Religion, Law, And The Press In Morocco, A Souaiaia

Ahmed E SOUAIAIA

Since the last several years of the life of King Hassan II, Morocco slowly moved from authoritarian rule to a managed democracy. As a result of this gradual political liberalization, religious groups as well as secular ones formed political parties. Islamists have already won seats in the parliament and they are expected to gain nearly half the number of seats in the coming elections. Equally significant is the increased presence of human rights and non-government organizations and the emergence of independent and party-affiliated newspapers and other media outlets. In this article, I focus on the prospects of seeing a free …

Market Principles, Philanthropic Ideals And Public Service Values: The Public Policy Program At The Central European University, Diane L. Stone

Diane L Stone

Just as there was a boom in the establishment of Master’s of Business Administration over the past 30 or more years, today there is an equivalent boom in graduate programs in the field of public policy. This is so for the transition states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (fSU) where the dynamics of globalization and ‘Europeanization’ are apparent and the pressures for reform pronounced. The educational prerequisites for managing reform and meeting the challenges of globalization has represented a problematic for both official actors such as national education ministries, international organizations and bilateral development …

Online Postings Can Be Nightmare For Recruits: In Acting On Google Search Results, However, Law Firms Should Proceed With Caution, Michael D. Mann

Michael D. Mann

No abstract provided.

Federalism And Accountability: State Attorneys General, Regulatory Litigation, And The New Federalism, Timothy L. Meyer

Timothy Meyer

No abstract provided.

Demokratie Und Islamische Staatlichkeit, Muqtedar Khan

Muqtedar Khan

This article develops an Islamic conception of democracy while arguing that not only Islam and Democracy are compatible but for establishing Islamic governance, democracy is necessary.

Weshalb Die Uno Ein Parlament Braucht, Beat Habegger

Beat Habegger

No abstract provided.

Term Limits And Party Loyalty, Tom Campbell, Cameron Doolittle

Tom Campbell

No abstract provided.

Political Control For China’S State-Owned Enterprises: Lessons From America’S Experience With Hybrid Organizations, Jonathan Koppell

Jonathan GS Koppell

China’s reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is intended to liberate the companies from bureaucratic control that hinders their management. Discussions of SOE reform, however, downplay the policy consequences. Can SOEs be “free” to succeed economically while some political control is maintained? Surprisingly, American experience with hybrid organizations—government-created companies that straddle the line between public and private—offers some precedent for managing the balance between political control and enterprise independence. Three strategies are derived for China. First, welfare functions must be stripped from SOEs and replaced by policy objectives compatible with commercial purposes. Second, reducing financial dependence on SOEs will remove a …

The Disablement Of Traditional Political Institution In Nigeria, Ozy B. Orluwene Jp

Dr Ozy B.Orluwene,JP

ABSTRACT This paper discusses various salient issues that relate and led to the disablement of traditional political institution in Nigeria. These include the colonial subjugation, vilification by the combined forces of western influence-Christianity and western education, and finally the defilement by some of the contemporary occupants of these institutions. It highlights the vicissitudes that the institution has experienced over the years from the advent of colonialism to the present and the effect of some of the status and operation in the institution. These, among others, are what the paper seeks to bring to the fore.

“Signals And Spillover: Brown V. Board Of Education And Other Social Movements, David S. Meyer

david s. meyer

No abstract provided.

A Window Into The Regulated Commons: The Takings Clause, Investment Security, And Sustainability, Josh Eagle

Josh Eagle

The holding of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in American Pelagic Fishing Co. v. United States points to the conclusion that the government will almost never be liable, under the Takings Clause, when fisheries regulations reduce the value of commercial fishing permits, vessels, or gear. From the perspective of natural resource economics, this is a healthy result. Economists suggest that solving commons problems requires that natural resources be under the complete control of a sole owner who makes self-interested decisions about resource use, and if the Fifth Amendment required the government owner to compensate fishermen when …

Whither The Federal Urban Agenda? A New Deal In Transition, Neil Bradford

Neil Bradford

No abstract provided.

Legislative/Judicial Interaction: Do Court Ideologies Constrain Legislative Action?, Elizabeth Stiles, Lauren Bowen

Elizabeth A. Stiles

The article presents a study which examines whether the anticipated actions of the courts to interpret, expand, or retract legislative meaning discourages or prevents policy making by legislatures. It suggests that state legislatures are significantly less likely to pass legislation when state supreme courts are ideological. It concludes that there is evidence that judiciaries exercise preemptive suppressive powers upon legislation.

Placing Social Policy? Reflections On Canada’S New Deal For Cities And Communities, Neil Bradford

Neil Bradford

This article analyses the New Deal for Cities and Communities pursued by the federal Liberal government between 2004 and 2006. Situating the initiative in broader urban policy debates about the merits of place-based interventions in tackling problems of poverty and exclusion, it is argued that the New Deal represented a novel attempt at "interscalar policy coordination" within Canadian federalism. Three specific policy tools are identified as central to the New Deal framework-municipal revenue transfers; urban development agreements; and community action research. To understand the New Deal's impact, the implementation of these tools is explored in the context of the City …

Strategic Party Government: Party Influence In Congress, 1789-2000.”, Matthew J. Lebo, Adam J. Mcglynn, Gregory Koger

Gregory Koger

Why does the influence of Congressional parties fluctuate over time Building on prevailing answers, we develop a model, Strategic Party Government, which highlights the electoral motives of legislative parties and the strategic interaction between parties. We test this theory using the entire range of House and Senate party behavior from 1789 to 2000 and find that the strategic behavior of parties complements members' preferences as an explanation for variation in party influence. Specifically, the strongest predictors of one party's voting unity are the unity of the opposing party and the difference between the parties in the preceding year. Moreover, we …

Alternative Policy Designs And The Socio-Political Construction Of Child Care, Elizabeth Rigby, Kate Tarrant, Michelle Neuman

Elizabeth Rigby

No abstract provided.

Same Policy Area, Different Politics: How The Characteristics Of Policy Tools Alter The Determinants Of Early Childhood Policymaking, Elizabeth Rigby

Elizabeth Rigby

This article tests a theory of how key characteristics of a policy tool under debate magnify the importance of particular elements of the policymaking context in U.S. states. In particular, it is expected that state use of more visible policy tools will depend on the economic context in the state, whereas state use of more coercive policy tools will vary with the ideological and partisan context in the state. These hypotheses are tested in a policy area for which states employ a range of distinct policy tools—early childhood education policy. Pooling data from all 50 states at four time points …

Corruption And Policy Implementation In The Philippines: A Comparative Analysis Of The Teacher Training And Textbook Delivery Programmes, Vicente C. Reyes Jr

Dr. Vicente C Reyes Jr

Corruption is a perennial obstacle to the Philippines’ pursuit of development. The Department of Education (DepEd) is considered to be one of the most corrupt agencies in the Philippines. However, there are two DepEd programmes with different levels of effectiveness in controlling corruption. The Textbook Delivery Programme has been ineffective while the Programme on Basic Education has been successful. The article explains the different levels of implementing these programmes by using local perspectives via the ‘narratives of implementation actors’. Apart from providing insights on the challenges facing the evolving educational bureaucracy in the Philippines, this article also demonstrates the utility …

Canadian Muslims: Political Discourses In Tension, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking

Paul W Nesbitt-Larking

Filibuster Reform In The Senate, 1913-17, Gregory Koger

Gregory Koger

This chapter explains the adoption of the Senate's first cloture rule in 1917, specifically why the Senate adopted a supermajority (2/3) rule and why this event occurred in 1917.

Syllabus For Money And Politics, Richard M. Skinner

Richard M. Skinner

No abstract provided.

Garbage Cans, Recycling Bins Or Think Tanks? Three Myths About Policy Institutes, Diane L. Stone

Diane L Stone

The phrase ‘think tank’ has become ubiquitous – overworked and underspecified – in the political lexicon. It is entrenched in scholarly discussions of public policy as well as in the ‘policy wonk’ of journalists, lobbyists and spin-doctors. This does not mean that there is an agreed definition of think tank or consensual understanding of their roles and functions. Nevertheless, the majority of organisations with this label undertake policy research of some kind. The idea of think tanks as a research communication ‘bridge’ presupposes that there are discernible boundaries between (social) science and policy. This paper will investigate some of these …

Military Commissions Act Of 2006, Arsalan M. Suleman

Arsalan Suleman

On October 17, 2006, President Bush signed into law the Military Commissions Act of 2006 (MCA). Congress passed the MCA to authorize the trial by military commissions of detained terrorism suspects after the Supreme Court's decision in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld invalidated the military commissions previously established pursuant to a 2001 military order from President Bush. The MCA adds chapter 47A to title 10 of the U.S. Code to give statutory authorization for the military commissions. This Recent Development explores some of the more controversial aspects of the MCA, especially those sections that respond to the Court's Hamdan decision. The note …