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Full-Text Articles in Political Science

The Philippine Covidscape: Colonial Public Health Redux?, Warwick Anderson Oct 2020

The Philippine Covidscape: Colonial Public Health Redux?, Warwick Anderson

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

Comparing historical perceptions of three epidemics in the Philippines and the responses they elicited allows us to see how these disease outbreaks were conceived in terms of configuration, whether ecological or sociological, and contamination. Cholera in 1902, influenza in 1918–1919, and Covid-19 in 2020 each open up revealing cross sections through Philippine social life, culture, and governance. Furthermore, simplistic assumptions of contamination or pollution—in contrast to more complexly structured configurational models—are correlated with coercive or militaristic reactions to pandemics, including social distancing, lockdowns, curfews, and suppression of dissent. KEYWORDS: MEDICINE • SCIENCE • HISTORY • CHOLERA • INFLUENZA • COVID-19


Covidscapes: The Pandemic In The Philippines, Filomeno V.; Aguilar Jr. Oct 2020

Covidscapes: The Pandemic In The Philippines, Filomeno V.; Aguilar Jr.

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

This introductory essay develops the notion of Covidscapes, taking a cue from Arjun Appadurai. Despite mutations, a single type of coronavirus has gone around the world causing the Covid-19 disease. Yet experiences with the pandemic have varied widely across and even within countries for reasons that go beyond the pathogen. The concept of Covidscapes captures the simultaneous sharing of a global phenomenon along with diversity and difference. Covidscapes are profoundly perspectival and disjunctive. State–societal factors suggest countries can have their own Covidscapes. The contributions in this issue shed light on the peculiar dynamics and contradictions of the Philippine Covidscape. KEYWORDS: …


Old Ways And New Fears: Bayanihan And Covid-19, Greg Bankoff Oct 2020

Old Ways And New Fears: Bayanihan And Covid-19, Greg Bankoff

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

In times of trouble, Filipinos traditionally turn to one another for help. This form of community assistance is popularly known as bayanihan. Historically, Filipinos have met the challenges of life in their perilous homeland, whether it be from natural or human causation, by working together. Except, apparently, it no longer does, and Filipinos are now told that the same properties that made their communities so resilient in the past have been transformed by the Covid-19 pandemic into their greatest vulnerability. Even the term bayanihan has been overtly redefined through legislation and government programs to reflect entirely different purposes. KEYWORDS: BAYANIHAN …


The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) Outbreak In The Philippines In 2003, Gideon Lasco Oct 2020

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) Outbreak In The Philippines In 2003, Gideon Lasco

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

The global outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) dominated public discourse in the Philippines from March to May 2003. But, given the scale of its impact and the range of responses it elicited, it largely escaped documentation, likely owing to its abbreviated timeframe and the overall lack of scholarly attention to contemporary medical crises. Thisarticle reconstructs the “outbreak narrative” of SARS and the perceptions and practices that surrounded it. It discusses points of comparison between SARS and the Covid-19 pandemic, underscoring that many practices seen in both events are familiar, not exceptional, responses to health crises in the country. …


Preparedness, Agility, And The Philippine Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Early Phase In Comparative Southeast Asian Perspective, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr. Oct 2020

Preparedness, Agility, And The Philippine Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Early Phase In Comparative Southeast Asian Perspective, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr.

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

Was the Philippines prepared for the Covid-19 pandemic? Did the government take early and effective action that can be characterized as strategically agile? Thisarticle answers these questions by reconstructing the chronology of the Philippine government’s response to the pandemic during the early phase. It focuses on three issues: virus importation (specifically the first Covid-19 case), testing, and contact tracing. The Philippine response is contrasted with those of Thailand and Vietnam, which, unlike the Philippines, have succeeded in lowering per capita mortality rate. Deficient in strategic agility, the Philippines failed to consider early on a scenario of extreme disease outbreak. KEYWORDS: …


Duterte’S Disciplinary Quarantine: How A Moral Dichotomy Was Constructed And Undermined, Wataru Kusaka Oct 2020

Duterte’S Disciplinary Quarantine: How A Moral Dichotomy Was Constructed And Undermined, Wataru Kusaka

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

Thisarticle explores the characteristics of what I call Duterte’s “disciplinary quarantine,” which is premised on a moral dichotomy between “good citizens,” who abide by strict regulations, and undisciplined “evil others” (pasaway), who endanger the nation. Based on my family’s participant observation in Bohol, thisarticle also describes how Boholanos have undermined the moral dichotomy by embracing minor violations to endure the government’s protracted and rigid quarantine rules. I suggest that ideas about appropriate behaviors created through people’s mutuality and everyday trials and errors are more reliable than top-down “discipline” for a continual struggle against the pandemic. KEYWORDS: DISCIPLINE • MORAL DICHOTOMY …


Lisandro E. Claudio’S Jose Rizal: Liberalism And The Paradox Of Coloniality, Review Author: Thomas Oct 2020

Lisandro E. Claudio’S Jose Rizal: Liberalism And The Paradox Of Coloniality, Review Author: Thomas

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Takamichi Serizawa’S Writing History In America’S Shadow: Japan, The Philippines, And The Question Of Pan-Asianism, Review Author: Redison Oct 2020

Takamichi Serizawa’S Writing History In America’S Shadow: Japan, The Philippines, And The Question Of Pan-Asianism, Review Author: Redison

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Damon L. Woods’S The Myth Of The Barangay And Other Silenced Histories, Review Author: Nery Oct 2020

Damon L. Woods’S The Myth Of The Barangay And Other Silenced Histories, Review Author: Nery

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Benito J. Legarda Jr., 1926–2020, Francis; Department Navarro Oct 2020

Benito J. Legarda Jr., 1926–2020, Francis; Department Navarro

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Gilda Cordero-Fernando, 1932–2020, Fernando N.; Zialcita Oct 2020

Gilda Cordero-Fernando, 1932–2020, Fernando N.; Zialcita

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Aileen S. P. Baviera, 1959–2020, Janus Isaac; Nolasco Oct 2020

Aileen S. P. Baviera, 1959–2020, Janus Isaac; Nolasco

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Parish Records And The History Of Philippine Epidemics, Peter Xenos Oct 2020

Parish Records And The History Of Philippine Epidemics, Peter Xenos

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

The Philippine epidemic experience suggests a research perspective that is attentive to local spatial variation and also recognizes connections across long periods of time, particularly across the Spanish and American colonial eras and the epidemic experience then and since. Among historical materials that need to be incorporated into the discourse and connected with evidence from modern, spatially disaggregated data systems are parish archival records of births, deaths, and marriages; households; and population changes. This research note outlines the Philippine parish records and presents illustrative results from twenty-eight parishes. Those records include local time series of deaths from which mortality crises, …


Care And Solidarity In The Time Of Covid-19: The Pandemic Experiences Of Filipinos In The Uk, Roderick Galam Oct 2020

Care And Solidarity In The Time Of Covid-19: The Pandemic Experiences Of Filipinos In The Uk, Roderick Galam

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

Thisarticle provides a preliminary account of how the lives of UK-based Filipinos have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic using care and solidarity as lenses to make sense of their experiences. By undertaking an intersectional analysis, it demonstrates how Filipinos’ experiences have been significantly shaped by the fact of their being migrants, which folds racism into their experiences. Alongside race/ethnicity and citizenship/migration status, their relationship with or location in the labor market has also shaped the impact of the pandemic on their lives. It concludes with a reflection on the duty of states to care for migrants. KEYWORDS: COVID-19 PANDEMIC …


The Penalty Of Mobility In Manila During Periods Of Public Health Crises, Michael D. Pante Oct 2020

The Penalty Of Mobility In Manila During Periods Of Public Health Crises, Michael D. Pante

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

Mobility seems to impose a paradoxical penalty on individuals based in Metro Manila. Looking at the experiences of public health crises during the American colonial period and the present-day Covid-19 pandemic, this essay focuses on the inordinate restrictions on and blame assigned to the least mobile segments of the population despite the fact that such crises are aided by heightened mobility. Past and present disease outbreaks force us to acknowledge that our cities contain groups of people with varying levels of mobility, another form of social inequality that badly needs to be addressed. KEYWORDS: TRANSPORTATION • URBANIZATION • CITIES • …


Science And Public Service During A Pandemic: Reflections From The Scientists Of The Philippine Government’S Covid-19 Surveillance Platform, Maria Regina Estuar, Joshua Uyheng, Marlene De Leon, Daniel Joseph Benito, Elvira De Lara-Tuprio, Carlo Estadilla, Timothy Teng Oct 2020

Science And Public Service During A Pandemic: Reflections From The Scientists Of The Philippine Government’S Covid-19 Surveillance Platform, Maria Regina Estuar, Joshua Uyheng, Marlene De Leon, Daniel Joseph Benito, Elvira De Lara-Tuprio, Carlo Estadilla, Timothy Teng

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

During the Covid-19 pandemic, science plays an important role in understanding and intervening in local outbreaks. Conducting scientific operations for pandemic response also takes on unique human and social dimensions. Reflexivity is often a key to understanding the perspectives that scientists take in applying theory to practice. In this essay we share that reflexivity by detailing personal reflections as scientists of FASSSTER, an integrated platform providing scientific intelligence to the Philippine government for monitoring and responding to the Covid-19 outbreak in the country. KEYWORDS: COVID-19 • SCIENCE–POLICY INTERACTIONS •DISEASE SURVEILLANCE • BOUNDARY WORK • ACTION RESEARCH


Nicole Cuunjieng Aboitiz’S Asian Place, Filipino Nation: A Global Intellectual History Of The Philippine Revolution, 1887–1912, Review Author: Matthiessen Oct 2020

Nicole Cuunjieng Aboitiz’S Asian Place, Filipino Nation: A Global Intellectual History Of The Philippine Revolution, 1887–1912, Review Author: Matthiessen

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Stephanie Coo’S Clothing The Colony: Nineteenth-Century Philippine Sartorial Culture, 1820–1896, Review Author: Camacho Oct 2020

Stephanie Coo’S Clothing The Colony: Nineteenth-Century Philippine Sartorial Culture, 1820–1896, Review Author: Camacho

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Glenn Anthony May, 1945–2020, Filomeno V.; Aguilar Jr. Oct 2020

Glenn Anthony May, 1945–2020, Filomeno V.; Aguilar Jr.

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Index To Volume 68, Index To Volume 68 Oct 2020

Index To Volume 68, Index To Volume 68

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Re-Assessing The Genocide Of Kurdish Alevis In Dersim, 1937-38, Dilşa Deniz Sep 2020

Re-Assessing The Genocide Of Kurdish Alevis In Dersim, 1937-38, Dilşa Deniz

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article discusses a century-long denial of historic genocide targeting Kurdish Alevis in Turkey. Firstly, I argue that the state-sponsored killings and forced displacements that occurred in Dersim in 1937-38 constitute genocide. Secondly, I use census numbers and other available documentation to suggest a possible figure for the causalities, while pointing out the methods by which the state has tried to cover up these numbers, indicating state planning and preparation. Finally, I show that as a part of the continued denial of such genocide, Turkish leftist organizations have been manipulated by the state, and thus have ended up supporting much …


Many Forms Of Black Death: Coal Extraction, Transnational Activism And The Value Of Life In Colombia, Oscar H. Pedraza Vargas Sep 2020

Many Forms Of Black Death: Coal Extraction, Transnational Activism And The Value Of Life In Colombia, Oscar H. Pedraza Vargas

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

After the murder of the president and vice president of the coal union by paramilitaries in the department of Cesár, Colombia, the union is left adrift. Its fragility is only heightened when the person who decides to take over, is killed six months later. The union has been vocal on their critique of environmental destruction produced by coal and argues that their criticism is part of the reasons why they were targeted. Not far from there, in the department of Guajira, the conglomerate in charge of Cerrejón, the largest open-pit coal mine of South America, wants to divert a creek …


We Do Not Have Borders: Greater Somalia And The Predicaments Of Belonging In Kenya, Bashir Haji Aug 2020

We Do Not Have Borders: Greater Somalia And The Predicaments Of Belonging In Kenya, Bashir Haji

The Journal of Social Encounters

Karen Weitzberg opens her book with a proverb from the early Somali independence era: “wherever the camel goes, that is Somalia.” This quote sets the precedence for the book illustrating Somalis’ rocky relationship with borders. Originally, Somalis were nomadic pastoralists that frequently moved around, crossing borders. However, after many African countries gained independence, new border lines were drawn up. As a result of this new reality, many Somali clans were forced to claim their territorial land and were also shut out from other regions, thereby impacting their way of life. Weitzberg, a Stanford graduate with a background in African and …


Two Books On Peace Education And Advocacy From The Philippines, Patricia M. Mische Aug 2020

Two Books On Peace Education And Advocacy From The Philippines, Patricia M. Mische

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.


Peace Education In The Philippines: Measuring Impact, Jasmin Nario-Galace Aug 2020

Peace Education In The Philippines: Measuring Impact, Jasmin Nario-Galace

The Journal of Social Encounters

In this essay I discuss the education and experiences that were important for my formation as a Peace Educator and Advocate. The essay also briefly looks at the issue of peace research, teaching and activism, and how we at the Miriam College –Center for Peace Education believe that research and teaching are important but not enough. I recount research I helped to conduct that shows that peace education had a positive impact on those who participated in it, and then go on to describe our successful Iobbying efforts with the Philippine government and at the United Nations. I conclude with …


Peace Education In The Philippines: My Journey As A Peace Educator And Some Lessons Learned, Loreta Navarro-Castro Aug 2020

Peace Education In The Philippines: My Journey As A Peace Educator And Some Lessons Learned, Loreta Navarro-Castro

The Journal of Social Encounters

In this essay I discuss the development of Peace Education in the Philippines. I also discuss my journey as a peace educator and organizer of peace education. I conclude with lessons that I learned in my work that may be useful for others interested in Peace Education and Advocacy.


Reflections On Peace Education And The Philippines, Patricia M. Mische Aug 2020

Reflections On Peace Education And The Philippines, Patricia M. Mische

The Journal of Social Encounters

This essay, written at the request of JSE editors as an introduction to its special section on Peace Education in the Philippines, discusses the meaning and importance of educating for peace in a globally interdependent but fractured world; shares reflections from the author’s personal journey as a learner/teacher/researcher engaged in peace education, with special attention to her experience in peace education in the Philippines from 1979 to 2020; and introduces two very accomplished Philippine peace educators and their work.


The Mischaracterization Of The Pakhtun-Islamic Peace Culture Created By Abdul Ghaffar Khan And The Khudai Khidmatgars, Shelini Harris Aug 2020

The Mischaracterization Of The Pakhtun-Islamic Peace Culture Created By Abdul Ghaffar Khan And The Khudai Khidmatgars, Shelini Harris

The Journal of Social Encounters

Abdul Ghaffar Khan and his Khudai Khidmatgar Movement, whose peace activities included nonviolent resistance to British rule in India, have remained relatively unknown despite the magnitude of their achievement and significance (100,000 strong peace army). Even among appreciative peace scholars their nonviolence has been mischaracterized as an adoption of Gandhi’s teachings; Khan is referred to as the Muslim Gandhi. I argue that this is due to a reliance on biased colonial sources, concomitant racist characterization of the Pakhtuns and Islam, and an insufficient understanding of violence. I illustrate how this movement’s motivation and inspiration were deeply rooted in Pakhtun culture …


Jesus, The Last Scapegoat: A Chinese-Indonesian Christian Theological Imagination For Peacebuilding And Reconciliation, Hans Harmakaputra Aug 2020

Jesus, The Last Scapegoat: A Chinese-Indonesian Christian Theological Imagination For Peacebuilding And Reconciliation, Hans Harmakaputra

The Journal of Social Encounters

After enduring the systematic oppression under Suharto’s three-decade regime (1967-1998) in Indonesia through discriminatory policies, Chinese-Indonesians suffered an enormous loss in the 1998 riots that signified the end of Suharto’s regime. Many Chinese-Indonesians were killed, raped, and displaced. A few years later, the new government abolished the discriminatory policies against Chinese-Indonesians, and they started to enjoy equality as citizens of Indonesia. However, negativities that resulted from the traumatic experiences cannot be diminished easily. This essay suggests a Chinese-Indonesian Christian theological imagination of Jesus’ crucifixion that aims to deal with communal trauma and contribute to the peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts. This …


Julius Nyerere’S Understanding Of African Socialism, Human Rights And Equality, Fr. Innocent Simon Sanga, Ron Pagnucco Aug 2020

Julius Nyerere’S Understanding Of African Socialism, Human Rights And Equality, Fr. Innocent Simon Sanga, Ron Pagnucco

The Journal of Social Encounters

Julius Kambarage Nyerere, African philosopher, anti-colonial leader, first president of the United Republic of Tanzania, and respected international statesman, served as president of the newly independent Tanzania from 1964 through 1985., after which he remained politically active in Tanzania and on the global stage. Trying to steer a post-colonial course of self-reliance, he developed and implemented African Socialism in Tanzania, articulated in the Arusha Declaration in 1967. As an anti-colonial leader, Nyerere referred to international human rights standards such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and maintained a commitment to human rights as president and afterwards. In this essay …