Leisure Studies Commons^™

The Economic Review Of The Travel Industry In Montana: 2006 Biennial Edition, Kara Grau, Melissa Bruns-Dubois, Norma Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This review provides current and historical data of nonresident travel and tourism in Montana, and offers the industry's economic contributions to the state.

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Trends: 1995-2005, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report shows the nonresident traveler expenditure trends for visitors of Montana from 1995-2005. It also displays the total actual expenditures and the total inflation-adjusted expenditures.

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditures And Economic Contribution: 2005, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report shows the economic contributions, expenditures, and average daily spending of nonresident visitors to Montana during 2005.

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: 2005, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report examines spending profiles of nonresident travelers to Montana. It displays the average daily expenditures by purpose of trip for different spending categories during 2005.

The Effectiveness Of A Four-Hour Challenge Course On Leadership Efficacy And Work Efficacy, Theresa J. Odella

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Challenge courses have become increasingly popular in recent years. Benefits examined and researched through the use of challenge courses include increased self-esteem, group cohesion, leadership skills, and general self-efficacy (Hart & Silka, 1994; Hatch & McCarthy, 2005; Moseley, Reinke, & Bookout, 2002; Paxton, 2000; Propst & Koesler, 1998). Many groups are turning to half-day challenge courses due to time and financial constraints. Few studies have quantified the benefits of a half-day course. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of participation in a four-hour challenge course on leadership efficacy and work efficacy of college students. A survey …

Montana Nonresident Traveler Quarterly Travel Comparison: 2005, Melissa Dubois, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report shows the 2005 quarterly visitation and length of stay data for nonresident travelers to Montana. It also displays average daily spending for various expenditure categories, as well as total expenditures for those categories.

Fitness, Friendship, And Fun: University Sponsored Community Pe Program, Wendi Wilcox Stanley, George M. De Marco, Lloyd L. Laubach, Corinne M. Daprano

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This paper describes a University-sponsored community physical education program and the feedback received about it from teachers, children, and the college students who oversaw it. The program, called Fitness, Friendship, and Fun, was staffed by 65 first-year student interns from the University of Dayton; four graduate assistants; and two university professors. It began with 65 male and female elementary students, primarily from the fifth and sixth grades at a nearby elementary school.

Montana Nonresident Visitation Trends: 1995-2005, Melissa Dubois

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report displays the total number of individual nonresidents visiting Montana from 1995-2005. It also shows the total number of groups visiting Montana during the same time period.

Nonresident Comparison: Visitor Profile, Norma Nickerson, Christine Oschell

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This summary report shows comparable data between the 2001 and 2005 nonresident visitors to Montana.

Visitor Profile Of Snowcoach Passengers In West Yellowstone, Mt, Norma P. Nickerson, Robert G. Dvorak, Jim Wilton

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of who is using the West Yellowstone snowcoach, why they are visiting, and what encouraged them to take a snowcoach trip.

Red Or Blue? An Exploration Of Political Party Affiliation And Resident Attitudes Toward Tourism In Montana - 2006, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This study focused on the relationship between political party affiliation and tourism support. From 1998 to 2005, telephone surveys of Montana residents asked three attitude questions along with political party affiliation.

Social Trust Benefits And Sense Of Identification At Dog Parks: An Exploratory Study, Kelly E. Price

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Dog parks are growing in popularity across the United States, yet are under researched in the field of recreation and leisure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of research on dog parks, while also exploring the relationships that exist between perceived benefits, social trust, identification with people and place, and dog park usage. On-site surveys were collected from dog park users at two Hampton Roads dog parks between Fall 2003 and Fall 2005. Statistical analyses were run on the data to determine if there was a difference in park usage patterns between various demographic groups …

Tourism Development In Butte-Silver Bow: Visitor Profiles And Resident Attitudes, Jim Wilton

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report highlights resident attitudes toward tourism in Butte-Silver-Bow area of Montana from a study conducted in the fall of 2005 while comparing results with a 2004 statewide survey. Additionally, this report summarizes nonresident visitor profiles of Silver Bow County making statewide comparisons as well.

Tourism Development Potential: Absarokee Resident Attitudes And Visitor Characteristics, Jim Wilton

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report highlights resident attitudes toward tourism in Absarokee, Montana from a study conducted in the fall of 2005 while comparing results with a 2004 statewide survey. Additionally, this report summarizes nonresident visitor profiles of Stillwater County making statewide comparisons as well.

Visitor Profiles And Resident Attitudes Toward Tourism Development In Cooke City, Jim Wilton

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report highlights resident attitudes toward tourism in the Cooke City area of Montana from a study conducted in the fall of 2005 while comparing results with a 2004 statewide survey. Additionally, this report summarizes nonresident visitor profiles of Park County making statewide comparisons as well.

Disaggregating The Relative Influence Of Genetic, Environmental And Individual Factors On Ldl And Hdl Cholesterols And Bmi For A Sample Of African American (Aa) Mothers And Daughters, C. Jayne Brahler, Jewel Harden, Michelle Mchone, Matthew Soules, Eric Evans, Ann Alyanak, Fred Diakpieng, Paul M. Vanderburgh

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

There are many reports about the associations between blood lipids, body mass index (BMI) and dietary cholesterol intakes both within the individual and between related individuals. The purpose of this descriptive research project was to investigate the relationships between LDL and HDL cholesterols, body mass index and dietary cholesterol intakes for a sample of African American (AA) mothers and their daughters and to attempt to separate the contribution of genetic versus environmental factors. Mother and daughter participants (n =42 and 66, respectively) were 12-14-hours fasted when blood samples were drawn, heights and weights measured, and 24 hour food recalls completed.

Editor's Introduction And Acknowledgments, Karen Paisley, Leo H. Mcavoy, Anderson B. Young, Wynn Shooter, Joshua Bochniak

Research in Outdoor Education

An introduction to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 8 is presented by the authors on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Front Matter, Coalitition For Education In The Outdoors (Ceo)

Research in Outdoor Education

The Coalition for Education in the Outdoors is a network of institutions, organizations, agencies, centers, businesses, and associations linked and communicating in support of the broad purposes of education in, for, and about the outdoors. The Coalition assists in identifying the needs of its affiliates, in meeting their various constituent needs, as well as advancing the mission of outdoor education globally.

A Research Task Force was initiated by the Coalition in 1990 with the purpose of supporting the conduct of research in the field and dissemination of the results. The symposium at Bradford Woods and this publication offer evidence of …

Preface, Anderson B. Young

Research in Outdoor Education

A preface to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 8 is presented by the author on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

The Program Development Process: Developing Optimal Youth Development Environments Through The Camp Experience, M. Deborah Bialeschki, Margery M. Scanlin, Michelle Alberti Gambone, Cynthia L. Sipe

Research in Outdoor Education

Many camp professionals find themselves continually challenged to document the value of the camp experience for youth. Funders want to hold camps accountable to their goals, boards want to see evidence that camp programs result in benefits in line with the organization's mission, and directors themselves want to know if they achieved the desired outcomes as well the most effective "best practices". The American Camp Association (ACA) teamed with Youth Development Strategies, Inc. (YDSI) in a project to look at how campers assessed their camp experiences on outcomes that contribute to positive youth development. The purpose of this study was …

Environmental Desirability Responding: One Possibility In Addressing The Attitude-Behavior Gap, Alan Ewert, Graeme Galloway

Research in Outdoor Education

One of the underlying assumptions made by many outdoor education programs is that a student's attitude toward the natural environment can be modified toward more pro-environmental beliefs through the acquisition of new knowledge and direct experiences with or in those environments. In tum, these attitudes can lead to behavior changes that possibly lead to more pro-environment actions, such as recycling, reduced consumption patterns, or even advocacy. Thus, using a properly sequenced set of knowledge and experiences in order to develop informed and pro­-environment attitudes and behaviors has become one' standard way to design both outdoor education activities and curricula.

One …

Investigating The Long-Term Impact Of Adventure Education: A Retrospective Study Of Outward Bound Singapore's Classic 21-Day Challenge Course, Michael Gassner, Abdul Kahlid, Keith Russell

Research in Outdoor Education

This study was conducted to further our understanding of the impact an outdoor adventure education experience has on participants' personal and professional life. Outdoor adventure education follows an experiential philosophy of learning and takes place primarily through sensory involvement with the natural world (Priest and Gass, 1997). Ewert and McAvoy (2000) have mentioned that the transfer of benefits of adventure programs and their components to work and everyday life have often been neglected in research.

An Employee Perspective Of Service In An Outdoor Education Organization: A Means-End Study, Marni Goldenberg, Dan Pronsolino, David B. Klenosky

Research in Outdoor Education

This research examined staff perceptions of the outcomes and values of service in an outdoor education organization through an approach known as means-end analysis. Means-end analysis provides a framework to identify and explore the interrelationships among the important attributes, consequences (i.e., benefits and outcomes), and values of a product or service (Gutman, 1982; Klenosky, Gengler, & Mulvey, 1993). Typically, the means-end approach bas focused on decision-making behavior of consumers. More recent applications have used the approach to understand the outcomes associated with ropes course programming (Goldenberg, Klenosky, O'Leary, & Templin, 2000) and the components of an Outward Bound experience (Goldenberg, …

Environmental Sensitivity And Outdoor Recreation Setting Preferences, Tinelle Bustam, Anderson B. Young, Sharon Todd

Research in Outdoor Education

Over the last 30 years, researchers have considered the complexities of "environmental sensitivity," specifically, the factors that cause people to care or be concerned about the environment. Such research emerges from the notion that environmental sensitivity is the first step in a developmental process that leads persons toward environmental literacy or what Chawla (1998) calls a sense of "ownership" and "empowerment" (p. 11) regarding protection of the environment. In this sense, environmental sensitivity becomes the foundation on which environmental educators can build. By exploring the relationship between environmental sensitivity and other variables, environmental educators may be provided with means of …

Leadership And L.B. Sharp: Narratives Shared Of A Revered Outdoor Educator, Julie A. Carlson

Research in Outdoor Education

This article reviews the contributions to the field of outdoor education made by Dr. Lloyd Burgess Sharp.

Collective Meanings Of An Outdoor Leadership Program Experience As Lived By Participants, Andy Ballard, Amy Shellman, Aya Hayashi

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions and meanings of the lived experiences of participants of the Conservation and Outdoor Recreation/Education (CORE) program at Indiana University. It is hoped that the information provided in this study will help to meet the call for methodological pluralism and allow program developers and the research community at large to gain a more descriptive and thorough account of the outdoor leadership development experiences of program participants, with the ultimate goal of improving outdoor leadership programs.

The Influence Of A Wilderness Experience Program On Students' Attitudes Toward Wilderness, Betsy R. Lindley

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of the study was to examine how a wilderness education program (WEP) influenced students' attitudes towards wilderness and to understand what part of the experience students perceived led to changes in their attitudes toward wilderness protection and preservation. Developing a better understanding of how education influences environmental beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors is important in the wilderness education and resource management fields as they seek the best methods to preserve wildland resources.

An Investigation Of Self-Efficacy In A Freshman Wilderness Experience Program, Jennifer L. Hinton, Danny L. Twilley, Robin Mittelstaedt

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the link(s) between wilderness programs and the development of self-efficacy in first-year college students. Self-efficacy in first year college students is important because in order for students to successfully complete college, they have to deal or cope with many challenges and stressors, and the higher one's self-efficacy the more likely students are to actively cope with the challenges and stresses they face (Davenport & Lane, 2006). The study also explored how participants in the wilderness group were impacted in specific ways,in relation to their self-efficacy based on self-reported statements provided in …

Inclusion At Residential Outdoor Environmental Education Centers: A Survey Of Current Practices, Kendra Liddicoat, Jim Rogers, Lynn Anderson

Research in Outdoor Education

In recent decades, persons with disabilities have become increasingly integrated into all aspects of society, including education and-recreation programs. In schools, this change has resulted from an understanding that provision of "a least restrictive environment," as mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), is often a regular education classroom rather than a segregated special education one. On a broader level, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has spurred recreation and social programs to make their facilities welcoming and accessible to all. As providers of school-sponsored as well as public programs, residential outdoor environmental education centers are also expected …

The Wilderness Solo: The Effect Of Intentional Design, Andrew J. Bobilya, Kenneth R. Kalisch

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the influence of intentional design by the instructor regarding the Solo's (a) purpose and framing, (b) instructor visit, and (c) individual and group debriefing. This study extends the previous Solo research by hypothesizing that the purposeful planning, framing, visits, and debriefing by the instructor play a role in determining the quality of Solo experience. The study was supported by three major theoretical frames - the Hendee & Brown Model (1988), Kolb's (1984) Experiential Learning Cycle, and Csikszentmihalyi's (1991) Flow Theory.