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Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Religiosity And Fear Of Crime, Jonathan Bolen
Religiosity And Fear Of Crime, Jonathan Bolen
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Previous research investigating fear of crime has returned little universal agreement as to what exacerbates and what reduces an individual’s level of fear of crime. In this thesis the researcher seeks to add to the mountain of literature on fear of crime and to include a novel independent variable, religiosity, in effort to better inform the fear of crime debate. Analyzing survey data collected from students at an urban university, the researcher finds that (1) females are far more fearful than their male counterparts; (2) religiosity is not informative on varying levels of fear of crime in the sample. An …
Minority Group Threat And Racial Profiling: An Analysis Of Pretextual Traffic Stops And Outcomes In Missouri Municipalities, Pernell Witherspoon
Minority Group Threat And Racial Profiling: An Analysis Of Pretextual Traffic Stops And Outcomes In Missouri Municipalities, Pernell Witherspoon
Dissertations
Racial profiling remains a controversial societal issue due in part to difficulties in determining its prevalence. Some analysts have proposed that criminological theories should be used to explain racial profiling. Using the minority group threat hypothesis, this dissertation analyzes the effects of Black population increases on race-based pretextual stops in 113 Missouri municipalities with sizable Black populations. The research also analyzes the effects of the growth and size of the Black population on traffic stop outcomes, including searches, contraband found, arrests, and citations. Other variables that might explain pretextual stops and traffic stop outcomes, including violent crime rates and socioeconomic …
Juvenile Recidivism Based On Length Of Incarceration : A Pilot Study In Elmore, Minnesota, Michelle Lynn Jurkovski
Juvenile Recidivism Based On Length Of Incarceration : A Pilot Study In Elmore, Minnesota, Michelle Lynn Jurkovski
Culminating Projects in Criminal Justice
How to handle juvenile offenders has been an issue that goes back and forth from rehabilitation to holding juveniles accountable with incarceration. Recidivism or re-offending rates have been studied to get a better picture into how effective treatment interventions are. This pilot study seeks to determine if juveniles incarcerated in Elmore Academy, a private correctional residential treatment facility, for shorter lengths of time (1-3 months) recidivated at higher rates than their peers who were incarcerated longer (4-9 months). The sample consisted of Ramsey County, Minnesota juvenile males ages 16-18 that were released from Elmore Academy between August 1, 2005 and …
A Guide To Drug Dealing, Scott Thomas Jacques
A Guide To Drug Dealing, Scott Thomas Jacques
Dissertations
The goal of this dissertation – A Guide to Drug Dealing – is to move scientists toward a deeper conceptual and theoretical understanding of illicit drug markets. What behaviors are experienced in the course of drug dealing? Why do some customers get a better price than others? What are the circumstances that result in retaliation? Why do some victimized drug dealers respond with peaceful social control rather than violence? What leads to the termination of drug dealing? When does the law handle drug market conflict? In short, this is a guide to drug dealing that – chapter by chapter – …
An Analysis Of The Influence Of Sampling Methods On Estimation Of Drug Use Prevalence And Patterns Among Arrestees In The United States: Implications For Research And Policy, Janine Kremling
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Using data from the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) and the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) programs collected by the National Institute of Justice the question whether the drug estimates of DUF, using a non-probability sample, and the drug use estimates of ADAM, using a probability sample, yield substantially different results will be explored. The following main questions will be addressed using equivalence analysis: Are there substantial differences in the DUF and ADAM samples with regard to the drug use information obtained from arrestees at nine sites across the United States? The analysis suggests that the drug use information contained in …
Assessing The Legality Of Solitary Confinement, Steven Debraccio
Assessing The Legality Of Solitary Confinement, Steven Debraccio
Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.
Childhood Animal Cruelty Methods And Their Link To Adult Interpersonal Violence, Brandy B. Henderson
Childhood Animal Cruelty Methods And Their Link To Adult Interpersonal Violence, Brandy B. Henderson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Recent research has begun to establish a relationship between childhood acts of animal cruelty and later violence against humans. However, few studies have focused on the influence of animal cruelty methods on later interpersonal violence. In a replication of a study by Hensley and Tallichet (2009) and based on a sample of 180 inmates at medium- and maximum-security prisons in a Southern state, the present study examines the relationship between several retrospectively-identified animal cruelty met hods (drowned, hit, shot, kicked, choked, burned, and had sex with) and interpersonal violence committed against humans. Four out of five inmates reported hitting animals. …
Crime Is Not Just A Man's World: Perceptions Of Female Offenders Through A Feminist Lens, Marianne Hudson
Crime Is Not Just A Man's World: Perceptions Of Female Offenders Through A Feminist Lens, Marianne Hudson
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Using the scale on feminist views developed by Henley et al. (1998), this study adapted and created two survey instruments to measure views on feminism and female offenders: 1) the Societal Perspectives Scale, which measures a respondent’s views of feminism; and 2) the Female Offender Perspectives Scale, which measures a respondent’s views of female offenders. Using these survey instruments and convenience sampling, the current study examined college students’ perceptions of feminism and female offenders. This study sought to investigate the following hypotheses: 1) the reliability of the survey instruments, especially the Female Offender Perspectives Scale; and 2) the predictive value …
How Do Idaho’S Lineups Line Up? An Exploratory Study On Congruence To Nationally Recommended Practices In Eyewitness Identification Procedure, Nichole Jolein Gerhard
How Do Idaho’S Lineups Line Up? An Exploratory Study On Congruence To Nationally Recommended Practices In Eyewitness Identification Procedure, Nichole Jolein Gerhard
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
The following research is an exploratory study into the level of congruence of Idaho law enforcement agencies to nationally recommended best practices in eyewitness identification procedure. Based on a series of questions relating specifically to the use of recommended procedures in eyewitness identification, law enforcement agencies were graded and assessed an individual score within two different levels of congruence: overall and functional. With three possible groups, desirable, average, and poor, the majority of Idaho departments received scores placing them in average standing for both overall and functional congruence. Three dominant themes in the research (agency type, written procedure, and officer …
Views Of Justification And Blame Of Violent Interpersonal Dating Relationships, Christina Policastro
Views Of Justification And Blame Of Violent Interpersonal Dating Relationships, Christina Policastro
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
There is an abundant amount of literature dedicated to examining perceptions of domestic violence. Despite the substantial amount of literature, few studies have focused on attitudes toward domestic violence in dating relationships. This study uses a large convenience sample of college students to investigate how college students assign responsibility when presented with two domestic violence scenarios that vary contextually. One scenario depicts a conventional male on female case of intimate partner violence while the other is a more ambiguous scenario involving behaviors that could be construed as “mutual violence.” Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to analyze the effects of …
Terrorism Ideology And Perceptions Of Homeland Security In Tennessee Law Enforcement, Adam Baldwin
Terrorism Ideology And Perceptions Of Homeland Security In Tennessee Law Enforcement, Adam Baldwin
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Homeland security is a concept that has become firmly embedded in American society since the events of September 11, 2001. While recent research has begun to study the implications of homeland security in state and local law enforcement, few have focused on perceptions of homeland security ideology, policy, and practice. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact that homeland security ideology, policy, and practice has had on the local law enforcement community by examining the varying levels of individual understanding, agreement, and support for the concept. Moderate levels of agreement were found regarding homeland security clarity at federal, state, and …
Sex, Drug Courts, And Recidivism, Doria Nour Dandan
Sex, Drug Courts, And Recidivism, Doria Nour Dandan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Research studies have identified gender differences in the drug abusing patterns and treatment needs of men and women. Even so, studies on the drug court model have not assessed drug court effectiveness across sex. Using secondary data collected from the Ada County Drug Court, the recidivism rates of drug court participants (n=259) and probationers (n=235) were analyzed. Drug court participants were found to be less likely to recidivate compared to probationers, which supports previous research on drug court effectiveness. Regression analyses failed to find an interaction between group membership and sex, thereby indicating that the effect of the drug court …
Blameworthiness And Dangerousness: An Analysis Of Violent Female Capital Offenders In The United States And China, Courtney Brooke Lahaie
Blameworthiness And Dangerousness: An Analysis Of Violent Female Capital Offenders In The United States And China, Courtney Brooke Lahaie
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The United States and China represent two of the leading nations that retain the death penalty in both law and practice. Research suggests that judges' sentencing decisions are based primarily on two factors, blameworthiness and dangerousness. Studies involving gender and sentencing in capital punishment cases tend to provide inconsistent findings. The current study uses case narratives to examine the direct and conjunctive effects of various factors on the sentencing decisions of violent female capital offenders in the United States and China. The findings suggest that the concepts of blameworthiness and dangerousness are distinctly defined in the United States and China. …
Displacement Or Diffusion: A Secondary Analysis Of The Las Vegas Safe Village Initiative, Daniel Duane Swanson
Displacement Or Diffusion: A Secondary Analysis Of The Las Vegas Safe Village Initiative, Daniel Duane Swanson
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Police initiatives have been implemented by many agencies in an attempt to curtail growing crime rates. The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department implemented the "Safe Village Initiative" to address this issue in west Las Vegas. This deterrence based model reduced calls for service in the target area with a diffusion of benefits to the surrounding neighborhoods.
The current study will analyze two research questions pertaining to the "Safe Village Initiative". The first will assess the possibility that a displacement of crime occurred as a result of the treatment. The second research question will address whether, if no displacement occurred, there …
Assessing The Impact Of Police Order Maintenance Units On Crime: An Application Of The Broken Windows Hypothesis, Steven Andrew Pace
Assessing The Impact Of Police Order Maintenance Units On Crime: An Application Of The Broken Windows Hypothesis, Steven Andrew Pace
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
High levels of violent crime and disorder area concentrated within certain neighborhoods of northwest Las Vegas, Nevada. In April 2009 a police order-maintenance unit designed to reduce minor and major offenses was initiated in these areas. Drawing on the Broken Windows Hypothesis, the unit combined detailed crime analysis with extensive police efforts to address specific community problems. This paper discusses the implementation and impact of the police order-maintenance unit during its operation.
Factors Influencing Attitudes Towards Prostitution, Brian Robert Brehman
Factors Influencing Attitudes Towards Prostitution, Brian Robert Brehman
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence attitudes towards prostitution. Students from University of Nevada, Las Vegas and University of British Columbia (N=591) were compared based on their responses to the Attitudes Towards Prostitution (ATP) Scale and by demographic differences. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified significant differences in ethnicity, religiosity, and certain sexual experiences. Regression analysis revealed location of students and religiosity were significant predictors of attitudes.
Characteristics Of Adolescent Females Sexually Exploited Through Prostitution, Alanna Robinson
Characteristics Of Adolescent Females Sexually Exploited Through Prostitution, Alanna Robinson
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Adolescent females are becoming the fastest growing population amongst juveniles being held in detention and referred to juvenile courts. Unfortunately such increases are linked to a lack of alternative services available for youths during the adjudication process. Upon being arrested, delinquent girls are suffering from a host of health, emotional and social issues for which there is also a lack of programming and detailed research. However, emerging evidence indicates that female delinquency is characterized by a multitude of overlapping problems that distinguish them from male delinquents. Issues include poor mental health, history of child abuse, substance abuse among parents and …
Is There An "Innocent Female Victim" Effect In Capital Punishment Sentencing?, Amelia Lane Kirkland
Is There An "Innocent Female Victim" Effect In Capital Punishment Sentencing?, Amelia Lane Kirkland
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Disparities in the administration of capital punishment are a prominent social and political issue. While the focus of death penalty disparity research initially lay with the defendant and how the defendant’s race or ethnicity affects sentencing outcomes, only marginal support for offender effects has been found. A consistent finding, however, is that victim race has a significant effect on capital sentencing outcomes. Recent examinations of the joint effects of victim characteristics indicate that victim gender also has some influence in capital sentencing decisions. While these prior studies have examined the interactive effects of victim gender and victim race the current …
With Liberty And Justice For All?: An Examination Of Racial Differences In Perceptions Of The Criminal Justice System, Rhea Ashley Evans
With Liberty And Justice For All?: An Examination Of Racial Differences In Perceptions Of The Criminal Justice System, Rhea Ashley Evans
Morehead State Theses and Dissertations
A thesis presented to the faculty of the Caudill College of Humanities at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Rhea Ashley Evans on April 14, 2010.
Mission Statement Content And Prevalence Among Local Police Departments And Sheriffs' Offices, Gwendolyn L. Pascoe
Mission Statement Content And Prevalence Among Local Police Departments And Sheriffs' Offices, Gwendolyn L. Pascoe
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
This descriptive study uses grounded theory approach to investigate the prevalence and content of mission statements among United States local police departments and sheriffs' offices that employ less than 25 sworn personnel. Mixed method research analysis identified the prevalence of mission statements as well as the content and characteristics of mission statement. Mission statements were analyzed with no a priori assumptions, standards, or coding schema. From this study it was found that 80 (37.21%) of the study's sample law enforcement agencies (N = 215) have mission statements that were located through this study's web search and agency participation. The analysis …
Attitudes Towards Megan's Law And Juvenile Sex Offenders, Debra Lee Cochrane
Attitudes Towards Megan's Law And Juvenile Sex Offenders, Debra Lee Cochrane
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Sex offender registration laws are very controversial. All fifty states require adult sex offenders to register. Twenty-eight states have extended registration and community notification requirements to juveniles (Hiller, 1998). These states seem to have failed to look at the uniqueness of juvenile sex offending. Juveniles have a very low recidivism rate and complex issues of culpability from age-of-consent laws. Applying Megan's Law to juveniles could have considerable negative consequences for juveniles' social development, particularly because one of the main stipulations of the law requires the juvenile to notify their school. Rehabilitation is a key factor of the juvenile justice system …
Adjustment To Correctional Confinement: Investigating The Correlates Of Violence And Disorder In A Jail Environment, Fred W. Meyer Iii
Adjustment To Correctional Confinement: Investigating The Correlates Of Violence And Disorder In A Jail Environment, Fred W. Meyer Iii
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This study examines the individual- and institutional-level variables that are correlated with violence and disorder within a jail facility. Previous research indicates that deviant behavior is one of the main challenges that negatively impacts the safe and effective management of correctional facilities. While many studies have been conducted on prison populations, few studies have focused upon jail populations. Using official institutional data, this study explores the factors associated with general infractions and violent misconduct among a stratified random sample of inmates (n=447) incarcerated during a one year period in a large county jail facility. The logistic regression and conjunctive analyses …
The Effect Of The Method Of Execution On Sentencing Determinations In Capital Cases, Adam Fera
The Effect Of The Method Of Execution On Sentencing Determinations In Capital Cases, Adam Fera
Theses and Dissertations
The United States has had different methods of execution throughout its history, some of which are viewed to be more humane by the public. The most recent switch was from electrocution to lethal injection. This study is a look at the effect the method of execution on a juror's decision between life and death in capital cases. To this end, data collected by the Capital Jury Project Phase I were statistically analyzed controlling for case-level and demographic variables. The method of execution was found to have a statistically significant effect on the jurors' decision.
Rape In America: An Empirical Test Of Two Theories, Vaughn Crichlow
Rape In America: An Empirical Test Of Two Theories, Vaughn Crichlow
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates two macro-social theories of rape-pornography consumption and gender inequality-utilizing state-level data. First, it is argued that media consumption patterns have changed due to the popularity of the internet and increasing household broadband access. In particular, it is contended that men who consume pornography prefer the internet to traditional mediums such as hard-copy magazines and DVDs. To test this assumption, a survey was administered to a convenience sample of nearly 500 male students at Rowan University. The results show evidence that males who intentionally consume pornography prefer the internet and, therefore, the use of broadband access as a …
Social Disorganization And The Spatial Distribution Of Homicides In El Paso, Nicholas Andrew Emerick
Social Disorganization And The Spatial Distribution Of Homicides In El Paso, Nicholas Andrew Emerick
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Recent research on social disorganization theory shows general support for economic and stability measures of disorganization, but spatial dispersions and the disaggregation of homicides of crime have not been fully examined. 1985-1995 homicide data from the El Paso Police Department's detective logs and US Census data are combined to explore social disorganization in El Paso, the impact of ports of entry, and how motive interacts with social disorganization. Findings for total homicides in El Paso support existing social disorganization research. Motive specific homicides displayed distinct relationships to the disorganization measures. The concentrations of homicides near ports of entry can be …
Cartoon Violence: A Comparison Of Past And Present, Elizabeth Cameron Macias
Cartoon Violence: A Comparison Of Past And Present, Elizabeth Cameron Macias
Theses Digitization Project
This study examined four cartoons in order to determine the extent of the violence, type of violence, and the context of violence in both dated and modern cartoons. To achieve this goal a content analysis of 'The Flintstones', 'The Jetsons', 'The Simpsons' and "Family Guy' was performed. These shows were chosen based on their popularity, classification as family programming, and the influence they have had on American culture.
Incarcerated Adults Sentenced In Adult Criminal Court While Juveniles: Knowledge, Understanding, And Perceptions Of Their Sentences, Karen Miner-Romanoff
Incarcerated Adults Sentenced In Adult Criminal Court While Juveniles: Knowledge, Understanding, And Perceptions Of Their Sentences, Karen Miner-Romanoff
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
An estimated 200,000 juveniles are tried as adults yearly and receive punitive sentences intended to deter juvenile crime and increase public safety. Few qualitative studies on juveniles sentenced as adults and contradictory results indicate a need for further research. This study used a qualitative, phenomenological interpretive design, with the conceptual frameworks of general and specific deterrence and rational choice theories. In-depth interviews took place with 12 incarcerated adults serving sentences (24--540 months) for juvenile crimes. The research questions explored their knowledge of transfer laws and adult sentencing and perceptions of deterrence from future criminal activity. Coding of transcripts and audio …
Qualitative And Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis For Forensic Examination Of Duct Tapes, Rebecca E. Bucht
Qualitative And Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis For Forensic Examination Of Duct Tapes, Rebecca E. Bucht
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Duct tapes are an increasingly important class of forensic evidence. This research has studied the value of using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to extend the ability of evidence examiners to gain additional information about a duct tape specimen.
Duct tapes are composed of five different layers. Starting from the non-adhesive side, these layers are the release coating, backing, scrim, primer and adhesive. The release coating assists in reducing unwind tension and preventing the tape from sticking to itself when on a roll. The backing layer serves as a support for the adhesive, and is usually based on polyethylene. The scrim is …
Prison Blockbusters: Relationships Between Prison Cinema And Student Perceptions, Jeremy Scott Mcqueen
Prison Blockbusters: Relationships Between Prison Cinema And Student Perceptions, Jeremy Scott Mcqueen
Online Theses and Dissertations
This study examined college students' perceptions, as they relate to prison cinema. It also discussed and analyzed reoccurring themes in prison cinema that perpetuates the prison culture in the United States. Specifically, this research addressed the following research question: How is exposure to prison cinema related to student perceptions of prisons, prisoners, and prison staff? By asking this question and analyzing the responses given by students, this study hopes to contribute to improved understanding of how popular cinema shapes the perceptions of prison culture in the United States.
The researcher utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods in gathering research data …
An Integrated Approach To The Role Of Control In Child Maltreatment And Delinquency, Heather Page Kinnett
An Integrated Approach To The Role Of Control In Child Maltreatment And Delinquency, Heather Page Kinnett
Online Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis is to integrate the labeling perspective and social support perspective into the central causal process of Charles Tittle's control balance theory. This will explain the linkages between child maltreatment and delinquency. The child maltreatment experience and the consequent label of victim affect a youth's self concept which in turn affects how a provoking event will be interpreted. The child maltreatment experience lessens the amount of control imbalance necessary for a provoking event to be interpreted as humiliating. The victim label also affects motivation for deviance indirectly through its effects on the control ratio and opportunity …