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Articles 1 - 30 of 6394
Full-Text Articles in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Prosecutorial Data Transparency And Data Justice, Caitlin Glass, Kat M. Albrecht, Perry Moriearty
Prosecutorial Data Transparency And Data Justice, Caitlin Glass, Kat M. Albrecht, Perry Moriearty
Northwestern University Law Review
The U.S. criminal legal system is notoriously racialized. Though Black and Latinx people make up less than 30% of U.S. residents, they constitute more than 50% of the nearly two million people currently in U.S. prisons and jails. For decades, research has indicated that one group of decision-makers has had an outsized influence on these numbers: prosecutors. From whom to charge to what sentences to recommend, no actor plays a greater role in determining who goes to prison in this country. Highly subjective and lacking in formal guidance and accountability, prosecutorial decisions are especially vulnerable to racial bias. They are …
Lawyerless Litigants, Filing Fees, Transaction Costs, And The Federal Courts: Learning From Scales, Judith Resnik, Henry Wu, Jenn Dikler, David T. Wong, Romina Lilollari, Claire Stobb, Elizabeth Beling, Avital Fried, Anna Selbrede, Jack Sollows, Mikael Tessema, Julia Udell
Lawyerless Litigants, Filing Fees, Transaction Costs, And The Federal Courts: Learning From Scales, Judith Resnik, Henry Wu, Jenn Dikler, David T. Wong, Romina Lilollari, Claire Stobb, Elizabeth Beling, Avital Fried, Anna Selbrede, Jack Sollows, Mikael Tessema, Julia Udell
Northwestern University Law Review
Two Latin phrases describing litigants—pro se (for oneself) and in forma pauperis (IFP, as a poor person)—prompt this inquiry into the relationship between self-representation and requests for filing fee waivers. We sketch the governing legal principles for people seeking relief in the federal courts, the sources of income of the federal judiciary, the differing regimes to which Congress has subjected incarcerated and nonincarcerated people filing civil lawsuits, and analyses enabled by SCALES, a newly available database that coded 2016 and 2017 federal court docket sheets. This Essay’s account of what can be learned and of the data gaps demonstrates the …
Death-By-Incarceration In Illinois, Joseph Dole
Death-By-Incarceration In Illinois, Joseph Dole
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
The Specific Deterrent Effects Of Criminal Sanctions For Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis, Joel H. Garner, Christopher D. Maxwell, Jina Lee
The Specific Deterrent Effects Of Criminal Sanctions For Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis, Joel H. Garner, Christopher D. Maxwell, Jina Lee
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
A dozen systematic reviews published since 1978 have sought to clarify the complexities of deterrence theory. These reviews emphasize the general deterrent effects of police presence, arrest, and incarceration on rates of homicide and other serious crimes, such as assault, rape, and burglary. These reviews provide less attention to specific deterrence processes and to the deterrent impacts of intermediate sanctions, such as prosecution or conviction; none of these reviews incorporate any of the research on criminal sanctions for intimate partner violence. To address these limitations, this research uses meta-analytic methods to assess the specific deterrent effects of three post-arrest criminal …
Constitutional Pandemic Surveillance, Matthew B. Kugler, Mariana Oliver
Constitutional Pandemic Surveillance, Matthew B. Kugler, Mariana Oliver
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
How do people view governmental pandemic surveillance? And how can their views inform courts considering the constitutionality of digital monitoring programs aimed at containing the spread of a highly contagious diseases? We measure the perceived intrusiveness of pandemic surveillance through two nationally representative surveys of Americans. Our results show that even at the height of a pandemic people find surveillance for public health to be more intrusive than surveillance for traditional law enforcement purposes. To account for these strong privacy concerns, we propose safeguards that we believe would make cell phone location tracking and other similar digital monitoring regimes constitutionally …
Defending Constitutional Rights In Imbalanced Courtrooms, Esther Nir, Siyu Liu
Defending Constitutional Rights In Imbalanced Courtrooms, Esther Nir, Siyu Liu
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Safeguarding Fourth Amendment protections is critical to preserving individual privacy rights and fostering positive perceptions of police legitimacy within communities. Maintaining an effective accountability structure for police stops, searches, and seizures is a necessary step toward achieving these objectives. In this article, we use qualitative interviews and survey data with defense attorneys to explore—from a court community perspective— their use of discretion to uphold the Exclusionary Rule through bringing suppression motions. Data demonstrate that power dynamics within the court community lead defense attorneys to conclude that litigating rights violations is often a futile effort that interferes with favorable case outcomes …
Debt Bondage: How Private Collection Agencies Keep The Formerly Incarcerated Tethered To The Criminal Justice System, Bryan L. Adamson
Debt Bondage: How Private Collection Agencies Keep The Formerly Incarcerated Tethered To The Criminal Justice System, Bryan L. Adamson
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
This Article examines the constitutionality of statutes which allow courts to transfer outstanding legal financial obligations to private debt collection agencies. In Washington State, the clerk of courts can transfer the legal financial obligation of a formerly incarcerated person if he or she is only thirty days late making a payment. Upon transfer, the debt collection agencies can assess a “collection fee” of up to 50% of the first $100.000 of the unpaid legal financial obligation, and up to 35% of the unpaid debt over $100,000. This fee becomes part of the LFO debt imposed at sentencing, and like that …
The Prosecutor As A Final Safeguard Against False Convictions: How Prosecutors Assist With Exoneration, Elizabeth Webster
The Prosecutor As A Final Safeguard Against False Convictions: How Prosecutors Assist With Exoneration, Elizabeth Webster
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Prosecutors have helped secure an unprecedented number of recent exonerations. This development, combined with the rapid emergence of district attorney-initiated conviction integrity units (CIUs) raises several questions. How do prosecutors’ offices review postconviction innocence claims? How do they make decisions about the merits of those claims? How do CIU processes differ from non-CIU processes? This study examines the circumstances surrounding prosecutor-assisted exoneration cases through semi-structured interviews with 20 prosecutors and 19 defense attorneys. It draws from a sample of both CIU and non-CIU prosecutors, thereby enabling comparisons. Respondents were asked about their experiences and decision-making structures in specific, post-2005 exoneration …
The Perceptions Of Juvenile Judges Regarding Adolescent Development In Evaluating Juvenile Competency, Colleen M. Berryessa, Jillian Reeves
The Perceptions Of Juvenile Judges Regarding Adolescent Development In Evaluating Juvenile Competency, Colleen M. Berryessa, Jillian Reeves
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
This analysis provides the first known in-depth qualitative inquiry into if and how juvenile court judges take the psycho-social immaturity and development of adolescents into consideration when making attributions of adjudicative competency of offenders in juvenile court. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-seven U.S. juvenile court judges, followed by grounded theory analysis. Competency evaluations from psychologists and the juvenile’s age, history, awareness, and mental capacity influence judicial determinations of competency. Although data show that understandings of adolescent development do play a large role in shaping judges’ understandings of juvenile behavior—particularly related to emotional control, irrational behavior, lack of maturity, and …
Now You See Me: Problems And Strategies For Introducing Gender Self-Determination Into The Eighth Amendment For Gender Nonconforming Prisoners, Lizzie Bright
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
As the fight for transgender rights becomes more visible in the United States, the plight of incarcerated transgender individuals seeking medical care behind bars is likewise gaining attention—and some trans prisoners are gaining access to gender-affirming care. However, progress for incarcerated members of the trans community has been slow, piecemeal, and not without problems. As federal court opinions in Eighth Amendment access-to-care cases brought by trans prisoners show, how a court interprets the subjective intent requirements of the Eighth Amendment and how the imprisoned plaintiff pleads his/her/their case can make or break the claim. Further, courts and plaintiffs rely on …
The Downstream Effects Of Bail And Pretrial Detention On Racial Disparities In Incarceration, Ellen A. Donnelly, John M. Macdonald
The Downstream Effects Of Bail And Pretrial Detention On Racial Disparities In Incarceration, Ellen A. Donnelly, John M. Macdonald
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Bail and pretrial detention decisions may have important consequences for racial disparities in incarceration rates. Poor minority defendants who are unable to post bail and get released from jail before trial may be more likely to plead guilty and accept longer sentences of incarceration. Racial disparities in incarceration sentences may then reflect a combination of differences in the seriousness of a defendant’s case, criminal history, and economic resources to pay bail. This study examines the extent to which bail decision-making and pretrial detention explain Black-White disparities in criminal adjudications and sentences in the Delaware courts from 2012 to 2014. Over …
Race And Death Sentencing For Oklahoma Homicides Committed Between 1990 And 2012, Glenn L. Pierce, Michael L. Radelet, Susan Sharp
Race And Death Sentencing For Oklahoma Homicides Committed Between 1990 And 2012, Glenn L. Pierce, Michael L. Radelet, Susan Sharp
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
This Article examines 4,668 Oklahoma homicide cases with an identified suspect that occurred during a twenty-three year period between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2012. Among these, we identified 153 cases that ended with a death sentence. Overall we found that while the defendant’s race did not correlate with a death sentence, there was a strong correlation with the race of the victim, with cases with white victims significantly more likely to end with a death sentence than cases with non-white victims. Homicides with female victims were also more likely to result in a death sentence than other cases. …
The Psychology Of Workplace Deviant & Criminal Behavior, William Brice, Deborah E. Rupp
The Psychology Of Workplace Deviant & Criminal Behavior, William Brice, Deborah E. Rupp
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
The 2013 book Deviant and Criminal Behavior in the Workplace addresses the psychological constructs, situations, and environments underlying active counterproductive workplace behaviors. Building on a diverse range of psychological findings, this book highlights that the field of criminology needs to expand outside of the realm of violence and instead look at how deviant workplace behaviors can tie into—and motivate—other types of crime.
High Expectations And Some Wounded Hopes: The Policy And Politics Of A Uniform Statute On Videotaping Custodial Interrogations, Andrew E. Taslitz
High Expectations And Some Wounded Hopes: The Policy And Politics Of A Uniform Statute On Videotaping Custodial Interrogations, Andrew E. Taslitz
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
Much has been written about the need to videotape the entire process of police interrogation of suspects. Videotaping discourages abusive interrogation techniques, improves police training in proper techniques, reduces frivolous suppression motions, and improves jury decision making about the voluntariness and accuracy of a confession. Despite these benefits, only a small number of states have adopted legislation mandating electronic recording of the entire interrogation process. In the hope of accelerating legislative adoption of this procedure and of improving the quality of such legislation, the Uniform Law Commission (ULC) ratified a uniform recording statute for consideration by the states. I was …
On The Connection Between Law And Justice, Anthony D'Amato
On The Connection Between Law And Justice, Anthony D'Amato
Faculty Working Papers
What does it mean to assert that judges should decide cases according to justice and not according to the law? Is there something incoherent in the question itself? That question will serve as our springboard in examining what is—or should be—the connection between justice and law. Legal and political theorists since the time of Plato have wrestled with the problem of whether justice is part of law or is simply a moral judgment about law. Nearly every writer on the subject has either concluded that justice is only a judgment about law or has offered no reason to support a …
Two Wrongs Make A Wrong: A Challenge To Plea Bargaining And Collateral Consequence Statutes Through Their Integration, Kevin O'Keefe
Two Wrongs Make A Wrong: A Challenge To Plea Bargaining And Collateral Consequence Statutes Through Their Integration, Kevin O'Keefe
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Efficiency And Cost: The Impact Of Videoconferenced Hearings On Bail Decisions, Shari Seidman Diamond, Locke E. Bowman, Manyee Wong, Matthew M. Patton
Efficiency And Cost: The Impact Of Videoconferenced Hearings On Bail Decisions, Shari Seidman Diamond, Locke E. Bowman, Manyee Wong, Matthew M. Patton
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Cultural Defense, Cultural Offense, Or No Culture At All: An Empirical Examination Of Israeli Judicial Decisions In Cultural Conflict Criminal Cases And Of The Factors Affecting Them, Tamar Tomer-Fishman
Cultural Defense, Cultural Offense, Or No Culture At All: An Empirical Examination Of Israeli Judicial Decisions In Cultural Conflict Criminal Cases And Of The Factors Affecting Them, Tamar Tomer-Fishman
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Opening Remarks, Ronald J. Allen
Opening Remarks, Ronald J. Allen
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Remarks At The Dinner Celebrating The Centennial Of The Journal Of Criminal Law And Criminology, Steven A. Drizin
Remarks At The Dinner Celebrating The Centennial Of The Journal Of Criminal Law And Criminology, Steven A. Drizin
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Modern Irrationalities Of American Criminal Codes: An Empirical Study Of Offense Grading, Paul H. Robinson, Thomas Gaeta, Matthew Majarian, Megan Schultz
The Modern Irrationalities Of American Criminal Codes: An Empirical Study Of Offense Grading, Paul H. Robinson, Thomas Gaeta, Matthew Majarian, Megan Schultz
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Package Bombs, Footlockers, And Laptops: What The Disappearing Container Doctrine Can Tell Us About The Fourth Amendment, Cynthia Lee
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
(Trans)Forming The Provocation Defense, Morgan Tilleman
(Trans)Forming The Provocation Defense, Morgan Tilleman
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Undermining Influence Of The Federal Death Penalty On Capital Policymaking And Criminal Justice Administration In The States, Eileen M. Connor
The Undermining Influence Of The Federal Death Penalty On Capital Policymaking And Criminal Justice Administration In The States, Eileen M. Connor
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Supreme Court Giveth And The Supreme Court Taketh Away: The Century Of Fourth Amendment Search And Seizure Doctrine, Thomas Y. Davies
The Supreme Court Giveth And The Supreme Court Taketh Away: The Century Of Fourth Amendment Search And Seizure Doctrine, Thomas Y. Davies
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Capital Punishment In Illinois In The Aftermath Of The Ryan Commutations: Reforms, Economic Realities, And A New Saliency For Issues Of Cost, Leigh B. Bienen
Capital Punishment In Illinois In The Aftermath Of The Ryan Commutations: Reforms, Economic Realities, And A New Saliency For Issues Of Cost, Leigh B. Bienen
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
A Century Of Criminal Law And Criminology, Amy Deline, Adair Crosley
A Century Of Criminal Law And Criminology, Amy Deline, Adair Crosley
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Rise And Fall Of The American Institute Of Criminal Law And Criminology, Jennifer Devroye
The Rise And Fall Of The American Institute Of Criminal Law And Criminology, Jennifer Devroye
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Provoking Change: Comparative Insights On Feminist Homicide Law Reform, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Provoking Change: Comparative Insights On Feminist Homicide Law Reform, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Learning From Error In American Criminal Justice, James M. Doyle
Learning From Error In American Criminal Justice, James M. Doyle
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.