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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Criminology and Criminal Justice
How The “Black Criminal” Stereotype Shapes Black People’S Psychological Experience Of Policing: Evidence Of Stereotype Threat And Remaining Questions, Cynthia J. Najdowski
How The “Black Criminal” Stereotype Shapes Black People’S Psychological Experience Of Policing: Evidence Of Stereotype Threat And Remaining Questions, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Cultural stereotypes that link Black race to crime in the U.S. originated in and are perpetuated by policies that result in the disproportionate criminalization and punishment of Black people. The scientific record is replete with evidence that these stereotypes impact perceivers’ perceptions, information processing, and decision-making in ways that produce more negative criminal legal outcomes for Black people than White people. However, relatively scant attention has been paid to understanding how situations that present a risk of being evaluated through the lens of crime-related stereotypes also directly affect Black people. In this article, I consider one situation in particular: encounters …
Research Brief On Eti Driver's License Studies, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
Research Brief On Eti Driver's License Studies, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
A critical issue facing central city Milwaukee residents is access to jobs -- jobs that are increasingly beyond the Milwaukee County bus lines. The spatial mismatch between available jobs and job seekers is most acute in low-income Milwaukee neighborhoods, where job seekers have outnumbered full-time openings by a gap of seven to one and only a third of unemployed job seekers have a valid driver's license. From 1998-2017 the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute conducted extensive employment research on the importance of a driver's license.
Research Brief On Eti Prison Studies, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
Research Brief On Eti Prison Studies, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute worked with the Wisconsin Department of Corrections and state Department of Public Instruction in the 1980s to improve educational programs at state correctional facilities incarcerating juveniles. In the 1990s ETI assisted the Milwaukee County Executive’s Youth Initiative to identify youth populations in need of intervention if future incarceration was to be prevented. From 2007 to 2016 ETI research and technical assistance focused on employment needs of Milwaukee County adult males who had been incarcerated in Wisconsin Department of Corrections (DOC) facilities.
Cited In Milwaukee: The Cost Of Unpaid Municipal Citations, John Pawasarat, Marilyn Walzak
Cited In Milwaukee: The Cost Of Unpaid Municipal Citations, John Pawasarat, Marilyn Walzak
ETI Publications
The Employment and Training Institute collaborated on a project with the Justice Initiatives Institute examining Branch A Milwaukee Municipal Court cases from 2008 to 2013 using records obtained from the Milwaukee Municipal Court and the Milwaukee County Sheriff’s Office and focusing on the population incarcerated for municipal ordinance violations. A majority of those jailed for failure to pay municipal judgments were not employed at the time of booking. Municipal courts often denied Wisconsin residents unable to pay or delinquent in paying court judgments for municipal citations their right to drive for two years -- jeopardizing workers’ employment options and placing …
Driver's License Issues And Recommendations, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
Driver's License Issues And Recommendations, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
This presentation by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute identifies public policies and practices creating obstacles for licensing of youth and workers in Wisconsin and examines racial/ethnic variations in licensing rates. The impacts of driver’s license suspensions issued by courts for failure to pay fines and forfeitures are graphed and mapped for subpopulations in Milwaukee County. Recommendations are offered to further universal driver education, licensing recovery efforts, limiting court use of license suspensions to collect fees and debts, and criminal justice reforms.
Issues Related To Wisconsin "Failure To Pay Forfeitures" Driver's License Suspensions, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
Issues Related To Wisconsin "Failure To Pay Forfeitures" Driver's License Suspensions, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
This paper examines the compounding problems resulting from court-ordered removal of driving privileges for low-income residents in Milwaukee County and Wisconsin as a “tool” for spurring payments of municipal fines, forfeitures and fees (including charges for violations unrelated to dangerous driving). The analysis is based on data from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation Division of Motor Vehicles, the Milwaukee County Sheriff’s Office, and Branch A of the Milwaukee Municipal Court (i.e., handling municipal cases incarcerated in county jail). Police and court actions taken in Ferguson, Missouri, brought national attention to one suburban municipality’s routine use of traffic stops, arrest warrants, …
State Imprisonment Of Milwaukee County Women: 1990-2012, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
State Imprisonment Of Milwaukee County Women: 1990-2012, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
This research study by the Employment and Training Institute provides data on the 4,300 Milwaukee County women who were incarcerated in adult state correctional facilities from January 1990 to January 2012 using the Wisconsin Department of Corrections public inmate data files. Two-thirds of the women were African Americans. whose incarceration numbers spiked in 2003 during the height of the “war on drugs” enforcement years. The heaviest concentrations of imprisoned women were from the poorest neighborhoods on Milwaukee’s near north side and near south side.
Statewide Imprisonment Of Black Men In Wisconsin, Lois M. Quinn, John Pawasarat
Statewide Imprisonment Of Black Men In Wisconsin, Lois M. Quinn, John Pawasarat
ETI Publications
This report provides data on African American male incarceration for the state onf Wisconsin at the request of the NAACP Wisconsin Conference of Branches. For most ex-offenders, prison records remain public and impediments to employment for the rest of their lives. Consequently, unlike studies reporting point-in-time levels of incarceration or average daily inmate populations, this report identified the total populations of African American men who had been incarcerated in adult state correctional facilities from 1990 to 2012 using Wisconsin Department of Corrections public inmate records. State DOC records showed incarceration rates for African American men at epidemic levels throughout Wisconsin. …
Wisconsin's Mass Incarceration Of African American Males, Summary, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
Wisconsin's Mass Incarceration Of African American Males, Summary, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
This two-page paper provides a summarizes the Employment and Training Institute research on mass incarceration of African American males in Wisconsin, the state’s ranking as having the highest percentage of black males in state prison and local jails (according to the 2010 U.S. Census data), and costs of incarceration.
Wisconsin's Mass Incarceration Of African American Males: A Powerpoint Summary, Lois M. Quinn
Wisconsin's Mass Incarceration Of African American Males: A Powerpoint Summary, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
The Employment and Training Institute analysis of Wisconsin Department of Corrections public inmate files showed incarceration rates for African American men at unprecedented levels in Wisconsin. This presentation summarizes ETI research on prison rates in Milwaukee and Wisconsin and offers recommendations for addressing workforce needs of ex-offenders.
Wisconsin's Mass Incarceration Of African American Males: Workforce Challenges For 2013, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
Wisconsin's Mass Incarceration Of African American Males: Workforce Challenges For 2013, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
Among the most critical workforce issues facing Wisconsin are governmental policies and practices leading to mass incarceration of African Americans men and suspensions of driving privileges to low-income adults. The prison population in Wisconsin has more than tripled since 1990, fueled by increased government funding for drug enforcement (rather than treatment) and prison construction, three-strike rules, mandatory minimum sentence laws, truth-in-sentencing replacing judicial discretion in setting punishments, concentrated policing in minority communities, and state incarceration for minor probation and supervision violations. Particularly impacted were African American males, with the 2010 U.S. Census showing Wisconsin having the highest black male incarceration …
Suspension And Revocation Status Report For Milwaukee County, John Pawasarat
Suspension And Revocation Status Report For Milwaukee County, John Pawasarat
ETI Publications
Driver’s license suspension and revocation records were analyzed for Milwaukee County residents using a series of data files from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Notable changes were observed in number and patterns of charges. The elimination of mandatory revocations for OAR (operating after revocation) charges, a policy reform initiated by the Center for Driver’s License Recovery & Employability, reduced the number of OAR revocations from 10,124 in 2009 to 64 in 2011. The legislative reforms also led to a very large reduction in revocations for OWS (operating while suspended), which dropped from 5,815 revocations issued in 2009 down to 130 …
Drivers License Status Report For Milwaukee County Presentation, Lois M. Quinn, John Pawasarat
Drivers License Status Report For Milwaukee County Presentation, Lois M. Quinn, John Pawasarat
ETI Publications
Presentation for the Center on Driver's License Recovery & Employability biennial meeting tracks changes in state suspension and revocation policies.
Drivers License Status Report For Milwaukee County, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
Drivers License Status Report For Milwaukee County, John Pawasarat, Lois M. Quinn
ETI Publications
The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute reviewed the driving records of 629,222 Milwaukee County residents in the Department of Transportation files, including drivers with current licenses as of January 1, 2012 plus unlicensed residents who received suspensions and revocations from 2009 through 2011. This report details the driving status of county residents in order to identify problems in licensing, suspensions and revocations. Prior ETI reports have shown the driver license to be essential for getting and keeping employment and exceeding high school completion as a predictor of sustained employment.
Capital Punishment And Race: Racial Culture Of The South, Jerry Joubert
Capital Punishment And Race: Racial Culture Of The South, Jerry Joubert
Undergraduate Review
There are currently 34 states with the death penalty and 16 states without the death penalty in the United States. According to the most recent report from the Death Penalty Information Center, there have been 1276 executions in the United States since 1976. In the year 2011 alone, there were 42 executions. This was 4 executions less than the previous year. Among the 1276 total executions in the United States since 1976, 1048 have taken place in the South. There are approximately 3,251 inmates on death row. African-Americans represent 42% of these inmates (Death Penalty Information Center, 2011). This statistic …
Barriers To Employment: Prison Time, John Pawasarat
Barriers To Employment: Prison Time, John Pawasarat
ETI Publications
This paper was prepared at the request of Legal Action of Wisconsin and the Private Industry Council of Milwaukee County to assess the legal and employment needs of prisoners released from Wisconsin correctional facilities. Released prisoners are among the most difficult populations to serve and least likely to be successfully engaged in sustained employment due to persistent legal problems, low education attainment levels, high recidivism rates, and driver’s license suspension and revocation problems. The stigma of being an ex-inmate alone and the limitations it places on those released and expected to become gainfully employed are compounded by further legal sanctions …