Legal Studies Commons^™

Improving Police Officer Recruiting, Retention, And Job Satisfaction, Mitch Christensen

Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership

This Capstone paper covered the topics of police officer recruiting, retention, and job satisfaction. It detailed current issues surrounding these topics, and promoted actionable and evidence-based changes to improve those issues. Topics were analyzed through administrative, ethical, and legal and legislative lens views. These proposed measures served as confirmation that current concerning trends can be mitigated, if not reversed, with thoughtful and thorough actions by police administrators and frontline employees alike.

Transforming Law Enforcement To Attract Candidates From The Millennial Generation, Jason Muelken

Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership

There is a widespread shortage of law enforcement candidates throughout the nation, resulting in agencies needing to increase their efforts to maintain staffing. The largest group in the workforce, the millennial generation, holds unique set of traits that make recruiting, retention, and leadership challenging for law enforcement administration. With the decrease in law enforcement applicant pools, recruitment and retention success is paramount to maintaining a successful organization in the future. An action plan is needed to practically, and ethically apply the change of approach to a workplace. This paper discusses how these changes may impact peers, the community, and additional …

Indiana Supreme Court Chief Justice Commends Work Of Iu Faculty During Annual State Of The Judiciary, James Owsley Boyd

Keep Up With the Latest News from the Law School (blog)

No abstract provided.

Making Sense Of Making Parole In New York, Alexandra Mcglinchy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

For many individuals incarcerated in New York, the initial step toward freedom begins with an interview with the Board of Parole. This process, however, is frequently a complex and challenging one, characterized by repeated denials and extended incarcerations. The disparity in outcomes – where one individual may receive over 20 denials and another is granted parole on their first attempt – highlights the ambiguity and inconsistency in the parole decision-making process. This project aims to clarify the factors that influence parole decisions by concentrating on measurable variables. These include age, race, duration of sentence served, proportion of sentence served, type …

Prospective Hires: Examining Ex-Offender Stigma Effects On Employment, Amanda Neff

Justice Studies Theses

Formerly incarcerated persons face many barriers upon being released from prison–one of which is gaining employment. Obtaining a job can be difficult due to employers’ perceived employability of those who have been involved in the justice system. Organizational and personal characteristics of employers have been found in previous research to impact how likely an employer is to hire formerly incarcerated individuals. This thesis examines how stigma surrounding formerly incarcerated persons is perceived by employers through quantitatively examining employer demographics and their willingness to hire these individuals. This study used a mixed-model randomized sampling method for surveying employers in Bristol, Central …

Evaluating The Impact Of Desk Appearance Ticket Reform In New York State, Olive Lu, Michael Rempel

Publications and Research

This report addresses the extent to which reform led more people charged with low-level offenses to return home swiftly after an arrest, avoid overnight detention, and limit unnecessary system contact. We focused solely on misdemeanors and Class E felonies where the specific charge is subject to a mandatory DAT (excluding domestic violence, sex offenses, and select other charges) and the individual has not failed to appear in the past two years. Thus, we excluded most cases where police officers retained discretion; however, the data could not isolate all carve-outs, such as people who cannot prove their identity, appear to need …

Does New York's Bail Reform Law Impact Recidivism? A Quasi-Experimental Test In The State's Suburban And Upstate Regions, René Ropac

Publications and Research

This is the third report in Data Collaborative for Justice's Bail Reform and Recidivism Series. The study builds upon two previous reports examining the impact of bail reform on recidivism in New York City. This study estimated the impact of New York's bail reform on recidivism in the State's suburban and upstate regions. We compared re-arrest rates for people who had bail set or were remanded at arraignment in the first half of 2019 (before bail reform) with similar people who were released without bail in the first half of 2020 (after bail reform).

The Criminal Justice System’S Impact On Marginalized Communities And Efforts To Promote Equity And Justice, Derek Moore

Tampa Library Faculty and Staff Publications

This study examines the profound implications of criminal justice systems on marginalized communities. It also explores the numerous efforts to augment equity and justice within the systems. This paper critically analyzes the primary factors contributing to the disproportionate representation of marginalized persons within the criminal justice system, like system prejudices, racial categorization, and socio-economic inequities. The article accentuates the detrimental impacts of the disparities on marginalized populations, like perpetuating poverty cycles, stigmatization, and limited access to prospects. The paper examines the role played by mandatory minimum sentencing, cash bail, police militarization, and restorative justice. The article adopts a qualitative literature …

A Study Of The Criminal Victimization Of Policewomen By Other Police Officers, Philip M. Stinson, John Liederbach, Chloe Wentzlof, Jordan M. Parker

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Our research focuses on the criminal victimization of policewomen by other police officers. The data derive from a larger nationwide study on police crime, or cases in which police officers have been arrested for the perpetration of one or more criminal offenses. The current study identifies cases involving policewomen who are victims of police-perpetrated sexual harassment, official misconduct, stalking, indecent exposure, simple and aggravated assault, and rape. The specific goals of the research are three-fold: (1) explore the nature and character of police crimes perpetrated against policewomen, (2) describe cases of police crime perpetrated against policewomen that specifically involve some …

“He’S In Jail Now And I Don’T Feel Bad”: Analyzing Sureties’ Decisions To Report Bail Violations, Rachel Schumann, Carolyn Yule

International Journal on Responsibility

The control, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminalized people often falls on the shoulders of non-state agents and organizations. Surety bail releases are a clear embodiment of this trend, as the courts call upon relatives, friends, and employers to supervise the pre-conviction activity of people accused of a crime. According to the law, sureties must report all bail violations to the police; the resulting diffusion of responsibility is said to increase the penal state’s power and control over criminal justice-involved individuals while minimizing reputational risks. Yet how sureties carry out this role in the community remains unexplored. Using data from 36 …

Graying Incarcerated Persons And Education Programs In Nigerian Correctional Centre, Ijeoma B. Uche Phd, Agnes E. Okafor Phd, Okala A. Uche Phd *Corresponding Author

Journal of Prison Education Research

Correctional education programs are rehabilitation programs designed for incarcerated persons in Nigerian correctional institutions. However, getting the graying incarcerated persons to participate in education programs becomes quite challenging. This study investigates graying incarcerated persons and education programs in one correctional centre. Data were collected qualitatively from fifteen (15) incarcerated individuals aged 60 years and above using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed in analyzing the data generated for the study. Findings show that there are no available education programs for graying incarcerated individuals. The study also revealed that designing education programs in such a way that it will accommodate the …

Exploring The International Humanitarian Law Status Of Foreign Fighters In The Ukrainian International Legion Of Territorial Defence, S. Bosch

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper explores the international humanitarian law classification which applies to foreign fighters that have been enlisted in the Ukrainian International Legion of Territorial Defence pursuant to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The paper explains the legal rights, obligations and consequences which attach to mercenary, combatant and prisoner of war status; and explores how these foreign members of the Ukrainian International Legion of Territorial Defence fit into this legal landscape. This paper challenges the legality of Russia's decision to classify these individuals as mercenaries. The paper supports the argument that these foreign members of the Ukrainian International Legion …

Bad Apples Or A Rotten Orchard: Detroit Police Culture And Its Protection Of Corruption, Megan Quick

Rushton Journal of Undergraduate Humanities Research

In the light of substantial police corruption and misconduct in the history of the Detroit Police force, the defense of “a few bad apples” is frequently proffered. To examine the validity of the bad apple defense, this paper examines how the DPD’s leadership and rank and file officers responded to allegations and criminal charges for police corruption under Mayor Coleman A. Young. The paper concludes that police culture played a role in law enforcement corruption and points to the importance of understanding police corruption and its causes to better address the issue.

Ua12/8 2024 Annual Campus Safety & Security Report For The Calendar 2023 Calendar Year, Wku Police

WKU Administration Documents

Annual WKU campus security report for 2023.

Building Community Capacity To Combat The Overdose Crisis With Data, Sean P. Varano, Pamela Kelley, Marc Duphily, Victoria Butler, Hannah Panteleos

Justice Studies Faculty Publications

Plymouth County is located in southeastern Massachusetts, between Boston and Cape Cod. The county has more than 500,000 residents and is made up of a diverse array of 27 communities, ranging from small affluent New England towns to urban impoverished commercial areas. Originally conceived as a post-overdose crisis response program, the Plymouth County Outreach (PCO) has expanded far beyond its initial conceptualization to become a more comprehensive countywide recovery support and harm reduction initiative.

Criminal Justice Update - January 2024, Delaney Rabenold

Criminal Justice Updates

The Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania's courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court.

Contents:

• Updates from PA Governor's Office (no updates this month)
• Updates from the PA Legislature (no updates this month)
• Updates from the Courts
• U.S. Supreme Court (no updates this month)
• PA Supreme Court
• PA Superior Court

Policing Impacts On Racial And Regional Oppression In Appalachia, Grace Simpson

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Appalachians continue to face the lasting effects of generations of state violence. Residents are often met with economic, environmental, physical, and mental hardships that are specific to these regions. Namely, the intersection of race with these region-specific hardships creates unique issues for Black Appalachians. Black Appalachians have a distinct history connecting the cultural nuances of the Appalachian region with the overall history of racial inequality in the USA. The following highlights Black Appalachian experiences by exploring the relationship between state violence, policing, and race in the region. Utilizing qualitative interviews with Black individuals in Appalachians, results gain a more detailed …

Rural & Small-Town Police Crime: A National Scale Description And Comparison To Urban Places, Philip M. Stinson, John Liederbach, Adam Watkins, Chloe Wentzlof

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Scholarship on police misconduct has almost exclusively focused on urban police working within large cities. This study utilizes media-based data to describe 2,592 arrests for crimes committed by rural and small-town police officers working in non-metropolitan counties across the United States. We compared these cases of police crime to those committed by officers working within more urbanized metropolitan counties. Findings demonstrate: 1) the dispersion of cases of police crime across a continuum of geographic places and types of police agencies including the most rural counties, and 2) significant differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan cases of police crime including both type …

Embedded Researchers In Community Collaborations: Making Data Matter In Addressing The Overdose Crisis In Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Sean P. Varano, Pamela Kelley

Justice Studies Faculty Publications

This article is a story about privilege. The recognition that as an academic, it is a privilege to have a seat at the policymaking table. It is a privilege to be heard, to be valued, and to contribute in ways that impact the lives of real people, in real communities, related to real problems. Researchers who’ve had the opportunity to participate in community-based collaborations know well that such partnerships are built on trust, patience, commitment, and thick skin (Drawbridge, Taheri, & Frost, 2018). When someone allows us in the door it can come with perceived risk. They sometimes open their …

U.S. Online Romance Scams: A Mixed Methods Analysis Of Factors Associated With Victimization And Exploration Of Lived Experiences Of Victimization, Rebecca A. Cole

Social Work Dissertations - Archive

The objective of this dissertation is to understand develop an understanding of experiences of online romance scam¹(ORS) victimization and to examine factors associated with ORS victimization. The dissertation samples ORS victims and uses purposive sampling strategies to recruit participants. The research used a mixed methods explanatory design approach. Inclusion criteria included ORS victims 18 and older who lived in the U.S., lost any amount of money in ORS scam, and met the scammer on any Internet platform. Three research manuscripts complete this dissertation. The first manuscript is a scoping review to understand the mental and physical health outcomes …

Boiling Behind Bars: Exploring The Hidden Toll Of Extreme Heat On Mental Health In Texas Prisons, Sandra K. Miller

Social Work Theses - Archive

The State of Texas supports the largest prison system in the US and held 132,859 people in 100 units scattered across the state as of December 2023. Approximately 70% of Texas prison beds are not air conditioned, despite the state’s reputation for dangerously hot, humid summers. The State has officially recorded temperatures inside Texas prison facilities as high as 120 degrees with heat index values of over 150. Although there is a growing body of research on the negative physiological and psychological consequences of extreme heat among the general public, little is known about the physical and emotional toll of …

Comparative Analysis Of Prosecutor-Led Diversion Programs: Insights To Japan’S Suspension Of Prosecution For Recidivism Prevention, Mio Hagino

LL.M. Essays & Theses

Around 60% of all crimes in Japan are committed by repeat offenders, and therefore preventing recidivism is a central concern in Japan. Recognizing the importance of early intervention, some prosecutors’ offices collaborate with social workers and provide necessary measures for recidivism prevention when prosecution is suspended. To promote prosecutor-led recidivism prevention, there is an ongoing discussion to legislate the approach currently taken by prosecutors’ offices. However, concerns remain about procedural fairness, transparency of prosecutorial discretion, and collaboration with other agencies. In the United States, prosecutor-led diversion programs are adopted in many states, with ongoing research on their effectiveness and challenges. …

Navigating Sexual Consent In Japan, Samara Mizutani Cesar

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Employing an exploratory sequential research design, including focus groups and an online survey, this thesis explores the factors influencing how Japanese people navigate the gray zones of sexual consent. This study not only addresses gaps in the literature on sexual consent but also provides a preliminary understanding of Japanese individuals’ perceptions, beliefs, behaviors, and experiences in ambiguous sexual interactions, which is particularly meaningful given Japan’s recent legal revisions and changing sociocultural landscape. Findings indicated the impact of traditional sexual scripts on consent perceptions, with gender and relationship norms contributing to the dismissal of sexual assaults within specific relationships. It was …

What Are We Waiting For? A Collection Of Poems And Essays About Family, Love, Loss, Time, And Hope, Right/Write To Heal, Skye Adams, D W, N L, D G, Jillian Foley, Madison Burke, Erica King, Becky Wurwarg

Justice Policy

This anthology is a collaboration with the Opportunity Scholars project and the Right/Write to Heal Initiative. The collection tells the stories of women and their families who have been impacted by incarceration in Maine and New York, the pathways that brought them to justice system involvement, and what inspires them to remain hopeful. These stories of family, love, loss, time, and hope were written by residents at the Southern Maine Women’s Reentry Center and the Women’s Center at the Maine Correctional Center, and partners from New York who participated in a weekly creative writing project together. The authors and editors …

Liberty, Safety, And Misdemeanor Bail, Brandon L. Garrett, Sandra Guerra Thompson, Dottie Carmichael, David Shi, Songman Kang

Faculty Scholarship

The highest volume of cases in the U.S. criminal system are misdemeanors, and every day, hundreds of thousands of people are detained pretrial in such low-level cases. In policy and in politics, pretrial rules have swung between a focus on protecting constitutional rights and the public safety dangers posed by releasing arrestees. The Supreme Court’s ruling in United States v. Salerno sought to promote a balance between protecting individual due process rights and public safety interests. A central constitutional and pressing policy question is what trade-off exists between pretrial liberty and reoffending. The highest profile jurisdiction to examine that question …

Reports On The Cost Of Administration Of Criminal Justice In Omaha And Lincoln, Nebraska, 1933: A Facsimile Edition & Contextual Casebook., Hattie Plum Williams, Michael R. Hill, Mary Jo Deegan

Zea E-Books Collection

The professional life of Hattie Plum Williams (1878–1963) epitomized the first generation of professional women sociologists on the Great Plains. At the University of Nebraska, she became the first woman in the world known to hold a regular appointment as chair of a coeducational, doctoral department of sociology (1923–1928). Often characterized as a social worker, her professional allegiance remained to sociology. Williams’ unsung labors in the early 1930s on behalf of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (NCLOE) resulted in two detailed, typewritten accounts of crime and criminal justice in Omaha and Lincoln, Nebraska. Her data collection, along …

พลังแห่งการอดอาหารประท้วง : การอดอาหารประท้วงทำงานอย่างไร?, เสกสิทธิ์ แย้มสงวนศักดิ์

Journal of Social Sciences

บทความนี้ศึกษาการอดอาหารประท้วง (hunger strike) ผ่านการรวบรวมและประมวลข้อค้นพบจากงานศึกษาต่าง ๆ บทความอภิปรายใน 3 ประเด็นที่เกี่ยวเนื่องกัน ได้แก่ ประการแรก โต้แย้งต่อความเข้าใจที่ว่า การอดอาหารประท้วงจะทำงานได้ผลก็เฉพาะในบางเงื่อนไขอย่างการอดอาหารในบริบทประชาธิปไตยหรือการใช้การอดอาหารต่อผู้ที่รักในตัวผู้อดอาหาร  ประการที่สอง เสนอว่าการอดอาหารประท้วงทำงานอย่างไร  และ ประการสุดท้าย การสำรวจปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความสำเร็จของการอดอาหารประท้วง  บทความสำรวจภาพรวมกรณีการอดอาหารประท้วงสมัยใหม่เพื่อยืนยันว่า การอดอาหารประท้วงถูกใช้ในบริบทที่หลากหลาย  รวมทั้งในเชิงผลลัพธ์การอดอาหารประท้วงอาจนำไปสู่การได้รับการตอบสนองข้อเรียกร้องแม้ภายใต้ระบอบเผด็จการ  บทความเสนอว่า การอดอาหารประท้วงมีกลไกการทำงานที่สำคัญประกอบด้วย การระดมความสนใจในการสื่อสาร, การระดมการสนับสนุนและความเห็นอกเห็นใจ, การบีบบังคับ, และการเบี่ยงเบนสถานะ ความรับผิด เหล่านี้ทำให้การอดอาหารประท้วงยังคงทำงานได้แม้ถูกใช้ในบริบทที่ไม่เป็นประชาธิปไตยหรือใช้ต่อผู้ที่เห็นว่า ผู้อดอาหารเป็นศัตรู

ความชุก ลักษณะทางประชากรและทางคลินิกของเหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่และกราดยิงในประเทศไทย ระหว่างปี พ.ศ. 2537-2566 และข้อเสนอแนะจากการวิเคราะห์ทางจิตเวชศาสตร์, พร ทิสยากร, ธันวัน เจริญไชยเนาว์, เหมือนเพชร ราชายนต์, วิชยุตม์ เพศยนาวิน, พิมพ์ประพันธ์ อุไรกุล

Journal of Social Sciences

เหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่และกราดยิงที่เกิดขึ้นในประเทศไทยสร้างความสูญเสีย ส่งผลกระทบต่อสังคมอย่างมาก งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อสร้างฐานข้อมูลของการเกิดเหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่และกราดยิงในประเทศไทย วิเคราะห์ปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้อง และเสนอแนะข้อคิดเห็นจากมุมมองทางจิตเวชศาสตร์ ผู้วิจัยทำการศึกษาเชิงพรรณนาแบบย้อนหลังโดยรวบรวมเหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่และกราดยิงในประเทศไทยระหว่างปี พ.ศ. 2537 - 2566 โดยใช้คำจำกัดความทางวิชาการสากล แล้วเก็บข้อมูลลักษณะทางประชากรและทางคลินิก รวมถึงปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเหตุการณ์ ผู้ก่อเหตุและเหยื่อ ผลการวิจัยพบมีเหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่และกราดยิงเกิดขึ้นรวม 78 ครั้งใน 30 ปีที่ผ่านมา โดยเป็นเหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่ 65 ครั้ง และเหตุการณ์กราดยิง 49 ครั้ง ผู้ก่อเหตุสังหารหมู่ส่วนใหญ่เป็นเพศชาย (89.23%) ใช้อาวุธปืนก่อเหตุ (66.16%) มีประวัติการใช้สารเสพติด (27.69%) มีประวัติการฝึกใช้ปืน (20%) มีประวัติโรคทางจิตเวชที่มีความเสี่ยงสูงต่อการก่อความรุนแรง (7.7%) มีผู้เสียชีวิต 348 รายจากเหตุการณ์รวมทั้งหมด โดยสรุปคือเหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่และกราดยิงในประเทศไทยเกิดขึ้นเป็นประจำและมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มมากขึ้น ปัจจัยสำคัญของเหตุการณ์สังหารหมู่ในประเทศไทยคือการเข้าถึงและฝึกใช้อาวุธปืน ปัญหายาเสพติด ส่วนประวัติโรคทางจิตเวชพบไม่มาก การสร้างฐานข้อมูลและศึกษาเหตุการณ์เหล่านี้ทางวิชาการต่อไป อาจนำไปสู่แนวทางป้องกันที่ดียิ่งขึ้นในอนาคต

How Can Law Enforcement Use Technology To Protect Citizens Justly?, Zach Kantenwein

Emerging Writers

This paper explores the danger of emerging artificial intelligence technology perpetuating racial injustice in law enforcement and how police can ensure the protection of citizens amid this information age. We dissect a real-world case in which AI predictive policing technology resulted in alarming racial discrimination against American minority citizens. We discuss the possible explanations for this result and explore the limitations of artificial intelligence technology. Furthermore, we brainstorm methods for ensuring American citizens' just and constitutional protection as new technology is developed and tested. We propose implementing transparency laws that make the details about any policing technology and surveillance available …

A Little Bird Told Me: The Lived Experiences Of Officers Who Participated In Deep Undercover Programs, Oakley Fungaroli

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

This study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to gather and analyze semi-structured interviews of seven participants who took part in deep undercover programs between the 1970s and 1990s. In the early 1980s, under pressure from civil rights advocates, law enforcement implemented policies restricting the use of undercover police officers in non-violent intelligence investigations. The new guidelines resulted in robust selection and training requirements for deep undercover assignments which became focused on those who advocated criminal acts in furtherance of social or political objectives. The lived experiences revealed that while intelligence guidelines intended to protect civil rights applied to all personnel, training …