International and Area Studies Commons^™

International Commercial Avenues To Complement Deterrence Actions, Jonty Kasku-Jackson

Space and Defense

The world relies heavily on services provided by satellite assets, but ensuring the safety and security of those assets is extremely difficult. Classic deterrence approaches rely almost exclusively on the threat of force to dissuade one state from acting against the interests of another. Although classic deterrence was arguably successful against a single adversary during the Cold War, it seems insufficient in the current multipolar strategic environment. In addition to state actors, the strategic environment is complicated by a number of non-state players in space. Some scholars present a theory in which a state could dominate earth if it could …

International Space Negotiations, Emerging Space Powers, And U.S. Efforts To Protect The Military Use Of Space, Justin Anderson, Walt Conrad, Sarah Jacobs Gamberini

Space and Defense

In recent years strategists and diplomats from space faring nations have engaged in debates with their foreign counterparts (and in some cases, with each other) on a range of issues related to norms and laws – or the relative lack thereof – applicable to the military use of space. Questions have run the gamut from the very broad (should the slim volume of outer space law relevant to military platforms and operations be expanded?) to the very specific (what new technical tools are available for the verification regime of a notional future space arms control agreement?).

Editor's Note Volume 7 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 7 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 7 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Publishers Corner Manned Space Exploration: America’S Folly, Roger G. Harrison

Space and Defense

Publishers Corner: Essays

If we want to assess the benefits of human space exploration, particularly to Mars, who better to consult than the good folks at MIT, a place presumably bristling with engineering knowledge and human genius. Fortuitously enough, the “Space, Policy and Society Research Group” at MIT has produced a study on “The Future of Human Space Flight” for our edification and enjoyment. It is six years old at this writing, but the facts have not altered appreciably: the humans who would have to be transported to, sustained on, and returned from the red planet are the same frail …

Book Review The Strategist: Brent Scowcroft And The Call Of National Security By Bartholomew Sparrow (Public Affairs, 2015), Schuyler Foerster

Space and Defense

A popular new biography pays overdue tribute to a living legend. Bartholomew Sparrow’s rich and detailed biography of Brent Scowcroft—a still very active and now nonagenarian—has been on bookshelves since early this year. Many, including those who have an intimate familiarity with some of the events and personalities in this book, have already offered thorough reviews of the work.

Terror On High: Deterring Asat, Stephen Shea, Mathew Johnson, Alfredo Zurita

Space and Defense

Student Contribution:

As technology becomes even more pervasive in daily life, valuable and relatively vulnerable space assets will inspire greater desire to attack U.S. power through space.1 As a result, Anti-Satellite (ASAT) deterrence, a fledgling area of study, will need to be developed and addressed in detail. The proceeding essay will attempt to answer the following questions. What motivates space attacks? How will the enemy try to attack our space assets? What can be done to deter future ASAT attacks?

Cyber Deterrence: Is A Deterrence Model Practical In Cyberspace?, Nathaniel Youd

Space and Defense

Student Contribution:

After reconsidering massive retaliation versus escalation dominance concepts from nuclear deterrence, escalation dominance, investing in capability to respond proportionally at each level of cyber attack, may be the most practical and effective military strategy for strengthening cyber deterrence.

Argentina Space: Ready For Launch, Daniel Blinder

Space and Defense

Desire for a comprehensive space program, one that includes an indigenous satellite launch capability, motivated Argentina to strengthen relevant policy institutions and carefully reconsider its approach in foreign affairs. In the process, this space power on the semi-periphery bridged bitter domestic partisan differences on the federal budget and allayed security fears of the international community, fulfilling at least some important national objectives regarding economic development as well as Argentinean access to space.

Cyberwar: Clausewitzian Encounters, Marco Cepik, Diego Rafael Canabarro, Thiago Borne Ferreira

Space and Defense

As Clausewitz’s masterpiece suggests, language matters for how states conceptualize and plan for war. ‘Cyberwar’, now on the lips of nearly every national security policymaker, may turn out to be a misnomer.

Strategic Nuclear Weapons For Planetary Defense, James Howe

Space and Defense

The planet Earth is continually under bombardment. Each day, roughly 100 tons of small meteoroids and space debris – some as large as a meter in diameter, but most smaller than a grain of sand – strike the atmosphere. Moving at speeds in excess of 40,000 kilometers per hour, these meteoroids are often seen as bright streaks in the sky as they burn up from atmospheric friction. Fortunately, because they are consumed high in the atmosphere, meteoroids and space dust pose no threat to humans or other life on Earth.

Editor's Note, Damon Coletta

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 8 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Geopolitics In Recent U.S. Professional Military Reading Lists, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Professional military reading lists have existed for a long time in the U.S. military and in other national militaries. They are frequently updated and intended to enhance the professional knowledge of military professionals in areas ranging from cultural awareness, ethics, leadership, international relations, military history and military operations, and areas of expertise considered essential to successfully executing the operations of their military service branch. These lists are prepared by the leadership organizations of these armed services such as the Air Force Chief of Staff, U.S. Army’s Chief of Staff, Chief of Naval Operations, and Marine Corps Commandant. Such readings are …

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Publisher’S Corner Space Policy’S Salt Moment, Roger G. Harrison

Space and Defense

The market for a leap forward in space arms control is open. Now, who’s buying? The United States is facing a fundamental decision about space policy which arises from a question: does our national interest in an ordered space environment trump our absolute insistence on a policy of freedom of action? Or is the looming threat of over-crowded orbits, frequency interference and debris – of contested, congested and competitive space – so pressing that we must accept some greater transparency for our national security space operations, even greater information sharing with China, Russia, and commercial space operators, and perhaps some …

Book Review Crowded Orbits: Conflict And Cooperation In Space By James Clay Moltz (Columbia University Press, 2014), Deron Jackson

Space and Defense

A popular space primer serves both the policy and academic communities. Human beings have perceived outer space as infinite for centuries, and since the observations of Edwin Hubble in the 1920s, scientists have studied phenomena that suggest the universe itself is expanding. However, as the title of Clay Moltz’s most recent book points out, the region of space most important to the economic and physical security of residents on Earth is increasingly viewed as far from infinite.

Meeting Growth Challenges Of Mexico Aerospace: The Queretaro Cluster, Monica Casalet

Space and Defense

Growing the Aerospace sector in Mexico requires multilevel agreement between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), including foreign companies, and national and sub-national governments to stimulate programs and instruments for sector growth. In addition, space for local learning must be cultivated within a process of production organized hierarchically and highly regulated on the international level. The case of the Queretaro cluster is important due to the density of networks created, extensive public-private collaboration, and the emergence of specialized institutions to train and shape highly skilled (professionals and technicians) in the aerospace industry. Ultimately, there remains an important vacuum to fill in the …

Brazil Space: Military Dependency And The Case Of The Geostationary Satellite Of Defense And Strategic Communications, Gills Vilar Lopes

Space and Defense

In Brazil, there has been no transition model of space capabilities promoted by the military sphere (especially the Brazilian Air Force) for nurturing the civil one (Brazilian Space Agency). Drawing upon official documents and legislation as primary sources, the case study of the Geostationary Satellite of Defense and Strategic Communications (SGDC) is analyzed in light of the space strategic sector. Main factors that impede the PEB are related to military-technological dependence and poor resource management, with draconian budget cuts and projects canceled before having achieved realistic milestones.

Attack On The Brain: Neurowars And Neurowarfare, Armin Krishnan

Space and Defense

Is neurotechnology leading nation-states toward a new domain of war? Neuroscience is on the verge of deciphering the human brain. As a result, brains will become a part of the battlefield against which attacks will be directed. As neuroscientist James Giordano argued: “the brain is the next battlespace.” It is foreseeable that this will have tremendous implications for warfare and could amount to a true military revolution in the sense of military historian Williamson Murray: it would completely change the characteristics of conflict, as well as transform state and society.

Editor's Note Volume 9 No. 1, Damon Coletta

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 9 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 9 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Msis-Ledder: Agent-Based Modeling To Explore The Assumptions And Constraints Of Humanitarian Response To Refugee Situations, Erika Frydenlund

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

The Gift That Never Stops Giving: A Comparison Of Us Aide And Reconstruction In Afghanistan, Post-War Europe, And Ukraine, John Chadwick Canty Jr.

Washington Semester Program

This research paper seeks to add to the rich historiography of US foreign aid and interventions abroad by examining both the aid given during the war in Afghanistan and the Marshall Plan. Afghanistan saw $2 trillion spent on programs seemingly without clearly defined aims and which collapsed within 11 days in 2021. On the other hand, the Marshall Plan economically resuscitated a Western Europe devastated by the Second World War. Dissecting these two cases will allow the author to understand where the money went, what the aims of the aid were, how it was disbursed, and whether or not the …

“Imagine Being Homophobic In 2022 In This Economy?!”: Bosniak, Croat, And Serb Perceptions Of Social Justice, Mehmet Yavuz

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

After the three-year war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia finally signed the Dayton Peace Accords (DPA) in 1995, thereby ending one of Europe’s most violent conflicts. Although the DPA provided a significant opportunity for communities to construct a new state based on the rule of law, freedom, democracy, and human rights, it failed to create a united civic identity and a well-functioning state with strong democratic policies and the ability to protect people’s human rights. The new generation of youth face unemployment, exclusion, lack of educational opportunities, and poor economic and political conditions while they are …

Evaluating An Institutional Repository: A Case Study Of Singapore Management University, Pin Pin Yeo

Research Collection Library

An institutional repository (IR) was launched in 2010 for a university in Singapore. The motivations of setting up an IR were to dissemination the research output through open access, to promote the university and researchers, and to help increase their research impact. Some quantitative and qualitative performance indicators were selected and used to measure the success of the IR. For the review and the performance indicators, the data used came from the IR at SMU, interviews with faculty members, and a study of a set of journal articles available in the IR to test a hypothesis. The results of the …