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2004

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Articles 211 - 240 of 404

Full-Text Articles in International and Area Studies

Beyond Ecology: Bugs Reveal The Deep Roots Of Grassland Ecoregions, K. G.A. Hamilton Jan 2004

Beyond Ecology: Bugs Reveal The Deep Roots Of Grassland Ecoregions, K. G.A. Hamilton

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Northern grassland faunas that were most affected by glaciation, induced climate shifts include more than 225 endemic phytophagous bugs (leafhoppers and related insects, the Homoptera,Auchenorrhyncha) on Canadian plains, and another 275 in Pacific Northwest intermontane grasslands. These exceptionally rich endemic faunas include many insect,plant associations common to related species of bugs, suggesting adaptation to certain environmental factors that persisted over millions of years despite radical environmental changes induced by glacial advances and retreats. Smaller, but significant, endemic faunas of Homoptera,Auchenorrhyncha in other glaciated areas also reveal patterns of ancient ecological areas. Groups of these grassland,endemic bugs are common to grassland …

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Influence Of Matrix Elements On Prairie-Inhabiting Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae, And Scarabaeidae In The Palouse, Timothy D. Hatten, Sandford D. Eigenbrode, Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez, Sarah Gebbie, Frank Merickel, Chris Looney Jan 2004

Influence Of Matrix Elements On Prairie-Inhabiting Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae, And Scarabaeidae In The Palouse, Timothy D. Hatten, Sandford D. Eigenbrode, Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez, Sarah Gebbie, Frank Merickel, Chris Looney

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

It is well established that the invertebrate community in cropland under conservation-tillage (consT) is often enriched relative to the community under conventional-tillage (CT) systems. The question posed in this research is whether consT contributes to the maintenance of regional biodiversity and to the conservation of prairie-inhabiting species in agriculturally dominated landscapes that contain prairie remnants. During 2002, we sampled the grounddwelling beetle fauna of remnant Palouse prairie and surrounding cropland (under CT and consT) in the Palouse region of northwestern Idaho and southeastern Washington. Biological diversity of the representative taxa-Curculionidae (weevils), Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles) and Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles)-is significantly higher …

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Could The Area-Sensitivity Of Some Grassland Birds Be Affected By Landscape Composition?, David Joseph Horn, Rolf R. Koford Jan 2004

Could The Area-Sensitivity Of Some Grassland Birds Be Affected By Landscape Composition?, David Joseph Horn, Rolf R. Koford

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Several grassland bird species have been shown to be area sensitive. This area sensitivity occurs when a species' frequency of occurrence, or relative abundance, tends to be lower in smaller fields. The detection of area sensitivity, however, is not consistent among studies because a species may exhibit area sensitivity in one study, but not in another. We tested the hypothesis that a species' area sensitivity varies depending on the amount of grassland in the landscape. The study took place in central North Dakota during the 1996 and 1997 breeding seasons on 46 fields enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). …

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Potential Habitat Factors Influencing Carrion Beetles Communities Of Palouse Prairie Remnants, Chris Looney, Benjamin T. Caldwell, Timothy D. Hatten, Christopher Lorion, Sanford D. Eigenbrode Jan 2004

Potential Habitat Factors Influencing Carrion Beetles Communities Of Palouse Prairie Remnants, Chris Looney, Benjamin T. Caldwell, Timothy D. Hatten, Christopher Lorion, Sanford D. Eigenbrode

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The bunchgrass prairies of the Palouse region in eastern Washington state and adjacent Idaho were almost completely converted to agriculture in the past century. Today, prairie habitat exists only on small remnants scattered across the landscape. The invertebrate fauna of these habitat remnants is poorly known, both in terms of species diversity and community composition. Pitfall traps baited with carrion were used to sample carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) during June and July of 2003. Prairie remnants were selected based on size to test whether habitat area influenced the diversity of this important insect community. Three size classes were identified; greater …

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Adapting A Floral Biogeography Model To Prairie-Dependent Lepidoptera, Eric H. Metzler, John A. Shuey, Leslie A. Ferge, Richard A, Henderson, Paul Z. Goldstein Jan 2004

Adapting A Floral Biogeography Model To Prairie-Dependent Lepidoptera, Eric H. Metzler, John A. Shuey, Leslie A. Ferge, Richard A, Henderson, Paul Z. Goldstein

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Analysis of data collected for a study of prairie dependent Lepidoptera in the northern tallgrass prairies showed four distributional patterns. A logical distributional pattern links species' distribution, i.e. Catocala abbreviatella, to larval host plants. Absence of larval host plant data, which is the case for most species of moths, requires inference based on habitat data of known specimens, i.e. Tarachidia binocula, or in the case of infrequently encountered species, i.e. Crambus murellus, capture data for a limited number of specimens. A fourth distributional pattern, i. e. Atrytone arogos, can be explained by hypotheses which explain the …

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Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) In The Cajun Prairie Ecosystem In Southwestern Louisiana, Malcom F. Vidrine, Gail J. Quillman-Vidrine, Malcolm F. Vidrine Ii, Daniel J. Vidrine, Caroline E. Vidrine Jan 2004

Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) In The Cajun Prairie Ecosystem In Southwestern Louisiana, Malcom F. Vidrine, Gail J. Quillman-Vidrine, Malcolm F. Vidrine Ii, Daniel J. Vidrine, Caroline E. Vidrine

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) once cobbled the stream bottoms in the Cajun Prairie ecosystem in south-western Louisiana. The development of canal systems for aboveground irrigation of rice fields during the last century provided additional habitat-often the canals were likewise cobbled with mussels that formed diverse communities. This paper introduces the 31 known species, their general ecology and their distributions. These mussels develop a 'reef'-like benthic community that is home to a variety of plants and animals as parasites and haptobenthos. Freshwater mussels are on the decline numerically as well as in diversity as a result of human activity, namely loss …

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Prairie Fen Preserved In An Urban Environment, Tyler Bassett Jan 2004

Prairie Fen Preserved In An Urban Environment, Tyler Bassett

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Prairie fens are a rare, fire-dependent wetland type found only in the glaciated Midwest in ice-contact topography along streams or lake boundaries that historically occurred adjacent to prairies and savannas. Due to a strong dependence on cool, alkaline groundwater seepage, they are extremely sensitive to hydrological alterations that result from urban development. While prairie fens are common in glacial interlobate regions, it was still surprising to discover one while conducting a botanical inventory in 2001 in an urban development in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The 295-acre planned unit development (PUD), known as Parkview Hills, is bordered by medium-density residential neighborhoods, a major …

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Conservation Efforts And Natural History Of A Prairie Habitat At Jennings Environmental Education Center, Pennsylvania, Bruno Borsari, David Johnson, Wil Taylor, Valentine Kefeli Jan 2004

Conservation Efforts And Natural History Of A Prairie Habitat At Jennings Environmental Education Center, Pennsylvania, Bruno Borsari, David Johnson, Wil Taylor, Valentine Kefeli

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The habitat consideted in this study is a 19.8-acre (8.0-hectare) prairie relict, which is part of the 296-acre (120-hectare) park (Jennings Environmental Education Center), and it is located in northwest Pennsylvania (Butler County). This prairie remnant is one of the easternmost existing relicts of the once widespread post-glacial prairies. The focus of this paper is to present an overview of the natural history of the Jennings Prairie with emphasis on preservation practices that have occurred since its discovery, in 1905, and management approaches aimed at the conservation of this habitat. The maintenance of its 225 native plant species requires human …

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Ecological Restoration As A Strategic Framework For Invasive Species Management Planning: The University Of Wisconsin Experience, Steve Glass Jan 2004

Ecological Restoration As A Strategic Framework For Invasive Species Management Planning: The University Of Wisconsin Experience, Steve Glass

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The UW-Madison Arboretum uses an evolving, strategic approach to invasive species management that aims to develop comprehensive, integrated protocols for removing pest plants and subsequently replacing them with appropriate native species. We seek to provide managers with the decision,making tools to develop appropriate tactics to encourage native plants and discourage pest plants. This approach relies upon: 1) a rigorous invasive species risk assessment that yields an action priority ranking matrix; and 2) invasive species management conducted within an ecological restoration framework; and 3) incorporation of research findings into management actions in an adaptive management feedback loop. I use Phalaris arundinacea …

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Using Cattle To Reduce Oak Savanna Understory Shrub Abundance: Stocking Rates And Weight Gains, Janet L. Hedtcke, Joshua L. Posner, Martha Rosemeyer Jan 2004

Using Cattle To Reduce Oak Savanna Understory Shrub Abundance: Stocking Rates And Weight Gains, Janet L. Hedtcke, Joshua L. Posner, Martha Rosemeyer

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Oak (Quercus spp.) savanna, characterized by widely scattered oaks with an understory of prairie and other specialized species, is one of the most endangered native ecosystems in North America (Nuzzo 1986, Packard and MuteI 1997). The absence of grazing and burning along with the introduction of tillage agriculture are key factors for the loss of this ecosystem. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of rotational grazing to reduce the shrub layer in degraded oak savannas. This study took place at three sites in southwestern Wisconsin. In this paper, we report on the results of the savanna grazing on …

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Soil Chemistry Properties Under Two Different Management Practices: Clipped Saint Augustine Grass Lawn And Annually Burned Cajun Prairie, Domingo M. Jariel, Malcolm F. Vidrine, Nicole Bordelon, Janeel Al-Dujaili Jan 2004

Soil Chemistry Properties Under Two Different Management Practices: Clipped Saint Augustine Grass Lawn And Annually Burned Cajun Prairie, Domingo M. Jariel, Malcolm F. Vidrine, Nicole Bordelon, Janeel Al-Dujaili

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Prescribed burning every two or more years is the recommended management practice to remove unnecessary invasive plants and to enhance the regrowth of desirable plants for the development of a fire-dependent plant community native to southwestern Louisiana. A portion of Saint Augustine grass lawn at Louisiana State University at Eunice (LSUE) was converted into a Cajun Prairie restoration plot in 1989. Since 1991, the adjacent lawn has been clipped weekly, whereas the prairie has been burned every January. The objective of this study was to determine the soil chemical properties of clipped lawn and burned prairie plots. Each plot (12 …

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Ecological Restoration-Based Education Transforms Schoolgrounds And Education, Libby Mccann, Todd Miller Jan 2004

Ecological Restoration-Based Education Transforms Schoolgrounds And Education, Libby Mccann, Todd Miller

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The University of Wisconsin- Madison Arboretum, home to the world's first prairie restoration, has a threefold mission to conserve and restore Arboretum lands, advance the science of restoration ecology, and foster the Land Ethic. Since 1991 , teams of teachers from more than 150 schools in Wisconsin have learned to incorporate ecological restoration into the curriculum through the Earth Partnership for Schools Program. This multi-disciplinary teacher professional development program emphasizes inquiry-based learning and multiple intelligences in a hands-on, collaborative setting. The majority of schools have focused their efforts on prairies. Recreating or restoring an ecological community on school grounds provides …

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Grazing Intensity Effects On Vegetation, Livestock And Non-Game Birds In North Dakota Mixed-Grass Prairie, Eric D. Salo, Kenneth F. Higgins, Bob D. Patton, Kristel K. Bakker, William T. Barker, Brian Kreft, Paul E. Nyren Jan 2004

Grazing Intensity Effects On Vegetation, Livestock And Non-Game Birds In North Dakota Mixed-Grass Prairie, Eric D. Salo, Kenneth F. Higgins, Bob D. Patton, Kristel K. Bakker, William T. Barker, Brian Kreft, Paul E. Nyren

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

We conducted studies in native prairie mixed-grass pastures in south~central North Dakota (U.S.A.) during 1989- 2003 to determine how different grazing intensities affected structural characteristics of vegetation, livestock production and the occurrence and density of grassland birds. Generally, as grazing treatment intensity increased from light to extreme, mean vegetation structural values decreased for visual obstruction readings, tallest plants of grasses, forbs, and shrubs, and litter depth. Nineteen species of non-game birds were detected during 2001 and 2002. Overall breeding bird densities were negatively affected by increasing levels of grazing intensity in mixed-grass prairie. Claycolored sparrows (Spizella pallida), grasshopper …

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Temporal Effects Of Grazing Regimes On Non-Game Birds In North Dakota Grasslands, Eric D. Salo, Kenneth F. Higgins, William T. Barker, Kristel K. Bakker, Kent C. Jensen Jan 2004

Temporal Effects Of Grazing Regimes On Non-Game Birds In North Dakota Grasslands, Eric D. Salo, Kenneth F. Higgins, William T. Barker, Kristel K. Bakker, Kent C. Jensen

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Grazing occurred naturally in the northern Great Plains and influenced many natural processes in grassland ecosystems, including the habitat selection of breeding birds. Grazing, mainly for livestock production, is still an important land use practice and is one that impacts millions of hectares on both public and private land in the United States. To better understand how long-term grazing treatments affect non-game breeding birds, a study was conducted at the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center (CGREC) in south-central North Dakota during 2001 and 2002 and results were compared to two earlier studies, one in native prairie and the other in …

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Contour Strips For Prairie Invasion On A Topsoil-Depleted Hilltop At Retzer Nature Center, J. A. Schwarzmeier Jan 2004

Contour Strips For Prairie Invasion On A Topsoil-Depleted Hilltop At Retzer Nature Center, J. A. Schwarzmeier

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

In 1981, 20% of a 3.3-acre (1.3-ha) portion of an eroded Hochheim loam on the Retzer "Vista" hilltop, in southeastern Wisconsin, was planted in 12-ft (3.7-m) wide "source strips" so that intervening 48-ft (15-m) wide "invasion strips" resulted. A dry-mesic prairie seed mix was used in the two highest elevation source strips and a mesic prairie seed mix was used in three source strips on the lower, side-sloped portion of the hilltop. While the fanning-era loss of essentially all of the original topsoil made the site "drier," the associated bringing up of more and more of the subsoil, with time, …

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Spatial Patterns Of Canopy And Sub-Canopy In Managed And Unmanaged Oak Savanna, Joy J. Wolf Jan 2004

Spatial Patterns Of Canopy And Sub-Canopy In Managed And Unmanaged Oak Savanna, Joy J. Wolf

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The oak savanna in the Midwest was maintained historically in part by fire, topography, climate, and other factors. After agriculture, which left only large fencerow trees, park management of fire, mowing and other minor factors to restore clusters of oaks has proceeded at different frequencies at different sites since the 1960s. I asked how different management frequencies created a range of spatial patterns and composition in the canopy. I compared three 0.37-ha sites that were unmanaged, or managed with more or less frequency by spatially mapping all woody species to the nearest 25 m2 The oak trees, dominated by …

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Abstracts For Other Oral Presentations Jan 2004

Abstracts For Other Oral Presentations

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Abstracts for Other Oral Presentations pp.1-26

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The Doha Round: Comin' Allve?, Clayton K. Yeutter Jan 2004

The Doha Round: Comin' Allve?, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

May I first pay compliments to the leadership of the Asian Development Bank for hosting this seminar. Asia has a huge stake in the success of the WTO generally, and the Doha Round specifically, but not everyone realizes that. So seminars of this _ nature are terribly important in providing focus to the Doha Round, encouragement to the negotiators, and in building public support for this endeavor. Let's hope we can accomplish those objectives here in Osaka.

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Singapore Management University Report To Stakeholders 2004 - 2005, Singapore Management University Jan 2004

Singapore Management University Report To Stakeholders 2004 - 2005, Singapore Management University

Report to Stakeholders

As the Singapore Management University moves into the Singapore centre, a whole new interchange between education and city takes hold in this revitalised urban environment. Bridging the scholastic origins of Bras Basah with the promise of the new millennium, SMU is at the centre of a new and dynamic educational hub where foundations are being readapted and the future redefined. Every facet of the SMU experience – academic programmes and research, faculty and staff enterprise, student activity and exploration – embraces the University’s passion for creativity, personal interchange and bold challenge.

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Armed Conflict, Health And Human Rights, Alex Deraney, Hafsteinn Hafsteinsson Jan 2004

Armed Conflict, Health And Human Rights, Alex Deraney, Hafsteinn Hafsteinsson

Human Rights & Human Welfare

This section highlights resources with information on health concerns that arise from armed conflict. It examines human rights violations as derived from health issues and the humanitarian efforts to alleviate them. The vast majority of available literature approaches conflict-related healthcare shortfalls in terms of intervention. Literature dealing with armed conflict and health as it applies to human rights is much harder to come by, which indicates the need for additional emphasis in this area.

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Stalin's Secret Pogrom:The Postwar Inquisition Of The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (Book Review), David Brandenberger Jan 2004

Stalin's Secret Pogrom:The Postwar Inquisition Of The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (Book Review), David Brandenberger

History Faculty Publications

Stalin’s Secret Pogrom is a fascinating volume that presents many challenges as a historical source. Much of the information about the JAC and its associates contained in the transcript ought to be treated with great caution. Not only were the charges trumped-up, but the defendants were tortured, and their testimony was coerced. Nor should the transcript itself be studied as an orchestrated spectacle of Stalinist propaganda, inasmuch as the trial was held in secret and lacked much of the hyperbole characteristic of the show trials of the 1930s. Instead, the transcript testiªes to the bravery of many of the defendants, …

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Book Review: Woman Walking Ahead: In Search Of Catherine Weldon And Sitting Bull, Glenda Riley Jan 2004

Book Review: Woman Walking Ahead: In Search Of Catherine Weldon And Sitting Bull, Glenda Riley

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

There are many ways of presenting historical events and persons, including narrative and analysis, or the use of a variety of approaches. In this ingenious and personal book, Eileen Pollack fleshes out historical evidence with informed speculation and with details of her quest for data. Such methodology makes possible the recreation of bits of history that otherwise go unremarked.

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Book Review: Galvanized Yankees On The Upper Missouri: The Face Of Loyalty, Vance E. Nelson Jan 2004

Book Review: Galvanized Yankees On The Upper Missouri: The Face Of Loyalty, Vance E. Nelson

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Visitors to Fort Rice State Historic Site have little idea of the drama that took place there during the first few years after its construction in 1864. The site's historical marker contains no mention of the important task rendered by former Confederate soldiers who became known as "the Galvanized Yankees."

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Book Review: Wyoming Trucks, True Love, And The Weather Channel: A Woman's Adventure, Laura E. Casari Jan 2004

Book Review: Wyoming Trucks, True Love, And The Weather Channel: A Woman's Adventure, Laura E. Casari

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Kennedy's subtitle is apt, for her book narrates the education of a biologist who becomes a second-generation environmentalist, or at least what she calls a second-generation environmentalist. As a consultant, she often works in the Plains states assessing the compliance of public drinking water programs with EPA regulations. Some of these regulations are based on research done in graduate school by field experts one college generation before hers-now often field experts on teams with her. One such site she describes in the Painted Creek, near Phoenix, which she visits once yearly, and where she shows us with an artist's eye …

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A Dakota Boomtown: Sioux Falls, 1877-1880, Gary D. Olsen Jan 2004

A Dakota Boomtown: Sioux Falls, 1877-1880, Gary D. Olsen

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The "Dakota boom" is a label historians have almost universally adopted to describe the period of settlement in Dakota Territory be, tween the years 1878 and 1887. The term "boom" has been applied to this period largely because of the volume of land claimed and the rapid increase in Dakota Territory's population that occurred during those years. Most accounts of this time period have treated the Dakota boom as a rural phenomenon, and certainly its main manifestation was the rapid claiming of land by immigrant and American would, be farm owners in the plains of Dakota Territory and adjacent areas. …

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Book Review: Marriage, Violence, And The Nation In The American Literary West, Christine Bold Jan 2004

Book Review: Marriage, Violence, And The Nation In The American Literary West, Christine Bold

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

"If the West tells us anything," says William Handley, "it is that stories have powerful consequences." This book reads western stories anew, not as familiar tales of individualism but as family dramas with newly thought-provoking consequences for the "nation's racial future." Handley argues that twentieth-century western literature is more preoccupied with marriage than with the frontier. Marriage serves as an analogy for US national unity while also exposing the uncontainable violence at the heart of nation-building. These stories demonstrate that, having destroyed the racial and ethnic "others" against whom the nation defined itself, "imperialism brings its guns home."

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Book Review: Reading "The Virginian" In The New West, Forrest G. Robinson Jan 2004

Book Review: Reading "The Virginian" In The New West, Forrest G. Robinson

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The Virginian is here to stay. For most of the first century of its life, critics gave their attention to what they found on the novel's face: the rugged hero, conquest, a reinvigorated national identity, the triumph of patriarchal law and of good over evil. It was a tale out of Turner. This timely new volume confirms and elaborates recent, revisionist moves to overturn the consensus reading and replace it with interrogations of the novel's competing, even contradictory perspectives in matters of race, class, and gender. Once the embodiment of a faith in the American character and mission, The Virginian …

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Book Review: The Real Rosebud: The Triumph Of A Lakota Woman, Norma C. Wilson Jan 2004

Book Review: The Real Rosebud: The Triumph Of A Lakota Woman, Norma C. Wilson

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Weinberg's narrative shows how quickly life changed for Lakota people during the course of a century. Yellow Robe lived as a traditional Brule. Though his son, Chauncey, grew up in that world, Chauncey's adult life in Rapid City was very different from his youth. Rosebud, Chauncey's daughter, left the land of her ancestors in 1927 to spend most of her life in New York City. Yet each valued being Lakota.

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Book Review: Around The Sacred Fire: Native Religious Activism In The Red Power Era, Francis Guth Jan 2004

Book Review: Around The Sacred Fire: Native Religious Activism In The Red Power Era, Francis Guth

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

This important book details the continent-wide, including Great Plains, efforts of Native Americans in the 1970s and 1980s to revive and unify Native spirituality and bring it to terms with Christianity. The subtitle alerts us that these efforts were largely overshadowed by more militant "Red Power" movements.

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Book Review: The Road To Lame Deer, Alan Boye Jan 2004

Book Review: The Road To Lame Deer, Alan Boye

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In 1922 a white physician working on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation began taking photographs of the Cheyenne people. Before his death in 1935, Thomas Marquis had amassed over five hundred photographs and published a number of significant books and articles about the Cheyenne.

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