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Articles 301 - 330 of 465
Full-Text Articles in International and Area Studies
The Narcotics Problems In Burma: Insurgency, Drugs, Politics, And Poverty, Jesse Earle Odum
The Narcotics Problems In Burma: Insurgency, Drugs, Politics, And Poverty, Jesse Earle Odum
Asian Review
The illegal drug problem in Burma is alarming and affects not only Southeast Asia, but the entire world. The problem has been shaped by decades of internal conflict. Fighting between ethnic groups began before Burma's independence. The country has not had a moment of peace since independence from British colonization. The aggressive military junta continues to destroy the licit economy in Burma and continues to destroy opportunities for the country to receive much needed foreign aid and assistance. The military government has created an environment that condones and indirectly encourages involvement in the drug trade and other illicit activities. The …
Khmer Rouge Children's Songs, Thun Theara
Khmer Rouge Children's Songs, Thun Theara
Asian Review
During the Khmer Rouge years (1975-9), children were taught to sing songs which indoctrinated and inculcated them to serve the revolutionary glory. At the same time, children were made to toil very hard for long hours every day with empty stomachs. The content of the songs was intended to inspire children to work for the Khmer Rouge in building a new society. These songs linger in the memory of the present-living "children."
Security Regime Or "Security Community"? Classifying Asean In The Spectrum Of Regional Security Organizations, Deniz Kocak
Security Regime Or "Security Community"? Classifying Asean In The Spectrum Of Regional Security Organizations, Deniz Kocak
Asian Review
The ASEAN community comprises the ASEAN economic community, ASEAN social and cultural community, and ASEAN security community. Particularly the ASEAN security community is controversially debated among scholars. By focusing on key variables such as the states' sovereignty, the societal level and the military collaboration among ASEAN, the article assesses the level and limitations of ASEAN's intrastate cooperation and classifies ASEAN in the spectrum of regional security structures. It is argued here that ASEAN forms a security regime rather than a security community and that the prospects for a mature security community in the next decade are far from reality.
Laos: A Reserve For Thai Growth, Supalak Ganjanakhundee
Laos: A Reserve For Thai Growth, Supalak Ganjanakhundee
Asian Review
The ending of the Cold War in the 1980s ushered in a new era in relations between Thailand and Laos. Old security concerns were replaced by a focus on economic relations. On the Thai side, business politicians and like-minded technocrats drove policymaking. On the Lao side, leaders welcomed foreign investment to overcome the legacy of war and poor economic management. But Laos has become nervous about Thai economic domination, and sensitive to cultural subordination. The recent rise of China as an investor in Laos presents new problems for both Laos and Thailand.
Determinants Of French Colonial Expansion In Southeast Asia, 1880-93, Deniz Kocak
Determinants Of French Colonial Expansion In Southeast Asia, 1880-93, Deniz Kocak
Asian Review
The essay analyzes and highlights the motives, determinants and scopes of three French influential actor groups: The French government, geographic societies and colonial associations, and the "men on the spot". While the government faced domestic struggles and set the colonial agenda, the geographic societies and colonial associations promoted French expansionist imperial rule, and the men on the spot, who represented France at the periphery, shaped the expansion by their own interests and ideas. The aim of this essay is to point out that the French colonial policy under the government of Jules Ferry did not follow any well elaborated concept, …
Thailand And Myanmar: Permanent Enemies Turned Friends?, Pornpimon Trichot
Thailand And Myanmar: Permanent Enemies Turned Friends?, Pornpimon Trichot
Asian Review
Historically Thailand has viewed Burma/Myanmar as the "national enemy." Until the end of the Cold War, the main stakeholders of Thai foreign policy towards Burma were the security agencies which viewed Burma in this light. Yet on the ground, the long border developed a vibrant economy. Policy was reoriented in the late 1980s. The Burmese government wanted better relations with Thailand in order to deal with political threats, spur its economy, and solidify relations with ASEAN. In Thailand, business-based politicians took power and became new stakeholders in making foreign policy. Under policies initiated in the Chatichai era and upheld by …
The Portuguese In Siam: A Quinquacentennial Retrospect, Edward Van Roy
The Portuguese In Siam: A Quinquacentennial Retrospect, Edward Van Roy
Asian Review
Thailand's present-day population of "Thai of Portuguese descent," concentrated at Bangkok, represents a scarcely discernible remnant of Portugal's erstwhile Asian empire, created between 1507 and 1527 via a chain of strongpoints stretching from Muscat, Ormuz, and Goa to Malacca, Macao, and the Spice Islands. Along that route the Portuguese Crown in 1516 established diplomatic relations with the kingdom of Siam, and Portuguese settlements emerged at Ayutthaya and other Thai ports soon thereafter. The quinquacentennial anniversary of that historic watershed presents an opportune moment to reflect on the distinctive contribution made by Portuguese merchants, mercenaries, missionaries, and mestizos to Thai history …
Introduction, Theera Nuchpiam
Thailand And Cambodia After 1991: Cambodia As A New Interest For Thailand, Ukrist Pathmanand
Thailand And Cambodia After 1991: Cambodia As A New Interest For Thailand, Ukrist Pathmanand
Asian Review
Since the end of the Cold War in the mid 1980s, Cambodia's importance for Thailand has greatly increased. The range of Thai stakeholders in Thai-Cambodian relations has expanded. The national security sector, which used to dominate the relationship, has been reduced to a minor role, concentrating on narrow issues of border security. The state in general has adopted a collaborative role, focusing on securing and regulating supplies of immigrant labor. The private sector has taken the lead in developing contrast farming with state support. Thailand's two largest corporate groups, PTT and SCG, have launched ventures in Cambodia as key projects …
Thai Stakeholders' Perceptions Of Vietnam And Thai- Vietnamese Relations, Theera Nuchpiam
Thai Stakeholders' Perceptions Of Vietnam And Thai- Vietnamese Relations, Theera Nuchpiam
Asian Review
Vietnam is a rising star, attracting growing attention from the international community. Having registered steady economic growth rates during the past decade, it now assumes increasing regional and international roles. Even before Vietnam became a WTO member in January 2007, it had become a favorite site for foreign investment and launched into export-led development. Thailand is now taking great interest in Vietnam. This preliminary study of Thai stakeholders' perceptions of Vietnam indicates that, while there is some concern over competition from this rising neighboring country in trade, investment, and even in cultural activities such as sports, the Thai generally have …
Capital Characteristics Of Thai Elites In The Bangkok Period (1782-2007), Rungnapa Yanyongkasemsuk
Capital Characteristics Of Thai Elites In The Bangkok Period (1782-2007), Rungnapa Yanyongkasemsuk
Asian Review
Pierre Bourdieu described the production and reproduction of intellectual, economic, political, and bureaucratic elites in France using empirical evidence to analyze the relationship of capitals and the elites' position in the social field. He concluded that cultural capital was the most important factor, but that wealth was also essential and could be transformed into other forms of capital. Based on Bourdieu's approach, this paper describes the characteristics of Thai elites before the revolution in 1932 and those in the new political era. Elites in Thai society include members of the royal family, aristocrats, overseas Chinese businessmen, and intellectuals. The inheritance …
Irrigation Reforms In Rural Laos: A Study Of Farmers' Affordability, Arounyadeth Rasphone, Fumio Osanami, Takumi Kondo
Irrigation Reforms In Rural Laos: A Study Of Farmers' Affordability, Arounyadeth Rasphone, Fumio Osanami, Takumi Kondo
Asian Review
This article examines the affordability of irrigation under irrigation reform schemes in rural Laos through a regression analysis of factors affecting the affordability under a scheme in Savannakhet Province. The ability to afford irrigation is influenced by seasonal conditions; social factors, especially the education level of the household head; market factors, especially the paddy price; and the size of landholding. Government should promote policies to increase the level of education in rural areas, improve the operation of the paddy market, and find ways to improve productivity to offset the declining availability of land.
Politics, Porn, Pisok: A Study Of Contemporary Minahasa, Indonesia, Philipp Borgs
Politics, Porn, Pisok: A Study Of Contemporary Minahasa, Indonesia, Philipp Borgs
Asian Review
Indonesia has been subject to huge changes after the fall of Suharto in 1998. Inter-ethnic and inter-religious problems that remained under the surface suddenly erupted and led to violent clashes between different groups in many parts of the Indonesian archipelago. Interestingly, North Sulawesi has not been subject to such incidents yet. Even though it has one of the highest numbers of Christians in Indonesia, the region remains stable and peaceful. This article analyzes this province with a focus on the districts of Minahasa. The ethnic Minahasans played a special role both during the Dutch colonial era and the early years …
The Paradox Of Sacred Consumption In The Case Of Wat Phra Dhammakaya, Hidetake Yano
The Paradox Of Sacred Consumption In The Case Of Wat Phra Dhammakaya, Hidetake Yano
Asian Review
This study analyzes the complicated relationship between consumer society and religious activities, focusing on the activities of Wat Phra Dhammakaya, a movement whose followers have increased since the 1970s, especially among the new urban middle classes in Thailand. With regard to the activities of the temple, there appear to be two different images. Outsiders criticize the temple for religious practice which promote consumerism and worldly desire, but followers of the temple claim their religious practice is a protection against contemporary stimuli of worldly desire. These views are not necessarily incongruous if the temple's activities are considered within the framework of …
Introduction, Suwanna Satha-Anand
Desiring Revolution And Revolutionary Desire: Gender, Sexuality, And Politics In Three Cultural Revolution Memoirs, Ka F. Wong
Asian Review
The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), one of the darkest moments in twentieth-century Chinese history, has long been seen as a political tragedy linked with power struggles, ruthless violence, and even mass hysteria, but never with "sex." Personal accounts of the events complicate the public narrative, however. In three Red Guard memoirs—Anchee Min's Red Azalea (1995), Rae Yang's Spider Eaters (1997), and Liang Xiaosheng's Confession of a Red Guard (Yige hongweibing di zibai, 1988), the writers drastically contradict the typical perception, recounting revolutionary experiences that were charged with sexual escapades and erotic fantasies. Rather than producing a "sexless" young generation of Red …
Crime Of Passion: Justice And Emotion, Nuangnoi Boonyanate
Crime Of Passion: Justice And Emotion, Nuangnoi Boonyanate
Asian Review
This paper argues that, in the case of crimes of passion, women's groups should not demand a single standard of punishment for both men and women, and the abolition of the judge's discretion, but rather a different framework for understanding anger in the case of men and women respectively. The judgment in the controversial "Doctor Killing his Wife" case, committed five years ago in Bangkok, suggests that the understanding of emotion or passion on the pan of the judge, and possibly of the Thai justice system, is non-cognitive. As a result, any deep understanding of the mentality and of the …
The Gender Of The Sangha And The Reform And Bureaucratization Of Thai Buddhism, Varaporn Chamsanit
The Gender Of The Sangha And The Reform And Bureaucratization Of Thai Buddhism, Varaporn Chamsanit
Asian Review
This paper casts a gender lens on the history of the Thai Buddhist monkhood and the monastic order, or the sangha, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It argues that the historical development of the Thai Buddhist sangha has been a gendered process, in which the exclusive maleness of the sangha has had to be maintained and reconsolidated over time to keep it a predominantly male domain. This was particularly the case during the period of Buddhist reform and bureaucratization of the sangha, which is the focus of this paper. In this gendered historical process, women were often …
Counter-Movements In Democratic Transition: Thai Rightwing Movements After The 1973 Popular Uprising, Prajak Kongkirati
Counter-Movements In Democratic Transition: Thai Rightwing Movements After The 1973 Popular Uprising, Prajak Kongkirati
Asian Review
After 1973, the Thai student movement was limited and weakened by several right-wing movements that collectively operated as counter-movements. This paper explores the factors and processes that account for the emergence and success of these counter-movements. The impact of the student movement, the changing political rules, and the incapacity of the Thai elite to employ old tactics to crush the student movement created critical conditions for a counter-movement to mobilize. Such conditions, however, cannot guarantee success. The success of the right-wing movements resulted from three factors: 1) effective organization and framing; 2) fragmentation of authority; and 3) state inaction. This …
Causal Patterns And Chance In The Narratives Of Jorge Luis Borges, Suradech Chotiudompant
Causal Patterns And Chance In The Narratives Of Jorge Luis Borges, Suradech Chotiudompant
Asian Review
The essay investigates how the narratives of Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges explore the role of the human mind in problematizing, and intervening in, the causal pattern, thereby exposing the reader to an awareness that causal patterns are no longer a transcendental system, but an open-ended procedure in which our mind always has a part to play. The first part of the essay discusses how Borges, especially in his short story 'Emma Zunz,' views causality as a complex human construct. The second part analyzes Borges's treatment of chance in 'El jardin de senderos que se bifurcan' (The garden of forking …
Severing Body From Mind: The Cartesian Model Revisited, Supakwadee Amatayakul
Severing Body From Mind: The Cartesian Model Revisited, Supakwadee Amatayakul
Asian Review
This paper attempts to reevaluate Descartes's doctrines of mindbody distinctness and mind-body union and their contribution to feminist theories. The understanding that Descartes's substance dualism establishes an absolute demarcation between mind and body is philosophically misleading, especially when his investigations of "genuine human beings" that are capable of having "passions" are considered. Descartes's accounts of the mind-body union and the passions can be interpreted as consistent with feminist tenets and thus deemed a possible resource for feminist philosophical analyses.
The Tumen River Area Development Program, Chanwoo Lee
The Tumen River Area Development Program, Chanwoo Lee
Asian Review
The development of the Tumen River area, located where the borders of China, Russia, and the DPRK meet, has been conducted in a multilateral framework since the collapse of the Cold War structure around 1990. However development has been obstructed by differences of opinion, a dearth of experience of international cooperation on the part of the participating countries, lack of an institutional base, absence of a country that can provide leadership, limits on the supply of development finance, and lack of information exchange between participating countries. In 2005 the participating government agreed to extend the project to 2015, and expand …
Towards An Asean Economic Community And A Freer Flow Of Persons, Patcharawalai Wongboonsin
Towards An Asean Economic Community And A Freer Flow Of Persons, Patcharawalai Wongboonsin
Asian Review
The transnational flows of persons has become an important topic in ASEAN integration following the ASEAN initiative to liberalize trade in services, and with the new vision to achieve an ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. But the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services is vague, inconsistent, and lacking in implementation mechanisms. I argue that a freer flow of persons can contribute to the interests of both states and the region, but requires many changes in the commitment of ASEAN member states, working practices, and institutions within ASEAN.
Asean's Fta Strategy In East Asia, Suthiphand Chirathivat
Asean's Fta Strategy In East Asia, Suthiphand Chirathivat
Asian Review
Since the 1997 financial crisis, ASEAN countries have become involved individually and regionally in the accelerating trend towards bilateral free trade agreements. Singapore began the trend, followed by Thailand, and then other countries including Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam. ASEAN also accepted China's proposal for an agreement with the grouping as a whole, leading to similar negotiations with Japan, India and South Korea. A complex web of bilateral agreements is emerging. At present it is not clear how this will affect ASEAN's progress towards deeper regional integration.