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Articles 91 - 120 of 232

Full-Text Articles in Geography

Atmospheric Carbon And Transport – America (Act-America) Data Sets: Description, Management, And Delivery, Y. Wei, R. Shrestha, S. Pal, T. Gerken, S. Feng, J. Mcnelis, D. Singh, M. M. Thornton, A. G. Boyer, M. A. Shook, G. Chen, B. C. Baier, Z. R. Barkley, J. D. Barrick, J. R. Bennett, E. V. Browell, J. F. Campbell, L. J. Campbell, Y. Choi, J. Collins, J. Dobler, M. Eckl, A. Fiehn, A. Fried, J. P. Digangi, R. Barton-Grimley, H. Halliday, T. Klausner, S. Kooi, J. Kostinek, T. Lauvaux, B. Lin, Christopher A. Williams Jan 2021

Atmospheric Carbon And Transport – America (Act-America) Data Sets: Description, Management, And Delivery, Y. Wei, R. Shrestha, S. Pal, T. Gerken, S. Feng, J. Mcnelis, D. Singh, M. M. Thornton, A. G. Boyer, M. A. Shook, G. Chen, B. C. Baier, Z. R. Barkley, J. D. Barrick, J. R. Bennett, E. V. Browell, J. F. Campbell, L. J. Campbell, Y. Choi, J. Collins, J. Dobler, M. Eckl, A. Fiehn, A. Fried, J. P. Digangi, R. Barton-Grimley, H. Halliday, T. Klausner, S. Kooi, J. Kostinek, T. Lauvaux, B. Lin, Christopher A. Williams

Geography

The ACT-America project is a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-2 mission designed to study the transport and fluxes of greenhouse gases. The open and freely available ACT-America data sets provide airborne in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, trace gases, aerosols, clouds, and meteorological properties, airborne remote sensing measurements of aerosol backscatter, atmospheric boundary layer height and columnar content of atmospheric carbon dioxide, tower-based measurements, and modeled atmospheric mole fractions and regional carbon fluxes of greenhouse gases over the Central and Eastern United States. We conducted 121 research flights during five campaigns in four seasons during 2016–2019 over three regions …

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Joint Co2 Mole Fraction And Flux Analysis Confirms Missing Processes In Casa Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over North America, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux, Christopher A. Williams, Kenneth J. Davis, Yu Zhou, Ian Baker, Zachary R. Barkley, Daniel Wesloh Jan 2021

Joint Co2 Mole Fraction And Flux Analysis Confirms Missing Processes In Casa Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over North America, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux, Christopher A. Williams, Kenneth J. Davis, Yu Zhou, Ian Baker, Zachary R. Barkley, Daniel Wesloh

Geography

Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) play a key role in the detection and attribution of carbon cycle processes at local to global scales and in projections of the coupled carbon-climate system. TBM evaluation commonly involves direct comparison to eddy-covariance flux measurements. We use atmospheric CO2 mole fraction ([CO2]) measured in situ from aircraft and tower, in addition to flux-measurements from summer 2016 to evaluate the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) TBM. WRF-Chem is used to simulate [CO2] using biogenic CO2 fluxes from a CASA parameter-based ensemble and CarbonTracker version 2017 (CT2017) in addition to transport and CO2 boundary condition ensembles. The resulting “super ensemble” …

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Climate Impacts Of U.S. Forest Loss Span Net Warming To Net Cooling, Christopher A. Williams, Huan Gu, Tong Jiao Jan 2021

Climate Impacts Of U.S. Forest Loss Span Net Warming To Net Cooling, Christopher A. Williams, Huan Gu, Tong Jiao

Geography

Storing carbon in forests is a leading land-based strategy to curb anthropogenic climate change, but its planetary cooling effect is opposed by warming from low albedo. Using detailed geospatial data from Earth-observing satellites and the national forest inventory, we quantify the net climate effect of losing forest across the conterminous United States. We find that forest loss in the intermountain and Rocky Mountain West causes net planetary cooling but losses east of the Mississippi River and in Pacific Coast states tend toward net warming. Actual U.S. forest conversions from 1986 to 2000 cause net cooling for a decade but then …

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Assessment Of Empirical And Semi-Analytical Algorithms Using Modis-Aqua For Representing In-Situ Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (Cdom) In The Bering, Chukchi, And Western Beaufort Seas Of The Pacific Arctic Region, Melishia I. Santiago, Karen E. Frey Jan 2021

Assessment Of Empirical And Semi-Analytical Algorithms Using Modis-Aqua For Representing In-Situ Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (Cdom) In The Bering, Chukchi, And Western Beaufort Seas Of The Pacific Arctic Region, Melishia I. Santiago, Karen E. Frey

Geography

We analyzed a variety of satellite-based ocean color products derived using MODIS-Aqua to investigate the most accurate empirical and semi-analytical algorithms for representing in-situ chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) across a large latitudinal transect in the Bering, Chukchi, and western Beaufort Seas of the Pacific Arctic region. In particular, we compared the performance of empirical (CDOM index) and several semi-analytical algorithms (quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA), Carder, Garver-Siegel-Maritorena (GSM), and GSM-A) with field measurements of CDOM absorption (aCDOM) at 412 nanometers (nm) and 443 nm. These algorithms were compared with in-situ CDOM measurements collected on cruises during July 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, …

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Field-Scale Soil Moisture Bridges The Spatial-Scale Gap Between Drought Monitoring And Agricultural Yields, Noemi Vergopolan, Sitian Xiong, Lyndon Estes, Niko Wanders, Nathaniel W. Chaney, Eric F. Wood, Megan Konar, Kelly Caylor, Hylke E. Beck, Nicolas Gatti, Tom Evans, Justin Sheffield Jan 2021

Field-Scale Soil Moisture Bridges The Spatial-Scale Gap Between Drought Monitoring And Agricultural Yields, Noemi Vergopolan, Sitian Xiong, Lyndon Estes, Niko Wanders, Nathaniel W. Chaney, Eric F. Wood, Megan Konar, Kelly Caylor, Hylke E. Beck, Nicolas Gatti, Tom Evans, Justin Sheffield

Geography

Soil moisture is highly variable in space and time, and deficits (i.e., droughts) play an important role in modulating crop yields. Limited hydroclimate and yield data, however, hamper drought impact monitoring and assessment at the farm field scale. This study demonstrates the potential of using field-scale soil moisture simulations to support highresolution agricultural yield prediction and drought monitoring at the smallholder farm field scale. We present a multiscale modeling approach that combines HydroBlocks a physically based hyper-resolution land surface model (LSM) with machine learning. We used HydroBlocks to simulate root zone soil moisture and soil temperature in Zambia at 3 …

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Natural Climate Solutions For Canada, C. Ronnie Drever, Susan C. Cook-Patton, Fardausi Akhter, Pascal H. Badiou, Gail L. Chmura, Scott J. Davidson, Raymond L. Desjardins, Andrew Dyk, Joseph E. Fargione, Max Fellows, Ben Filewod, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Susantha Jayasundara, William S. Keeton, Timm Kroeger, Tyler J. Lark, Edward Le, Sara M. Leavitt, Marie Eve Leclerc, Tony C. Lemprière, Juha Metsaranta, Brian Mcconkey, Eric Neilson, Guillaume Peterson St-Laurent, Danijela Puric-Mladenovic, Sebastien Rodrigue, Raju Y. Soolanayakanahally, Seth A. Spawn, Maria Strack, Carolyn Smyth, Naresh Thevathasan, Mihai Voicu, Christopher A. Williams Jan 2021

Natural Climate Solutions For Canada, C. Ronnie Drever, Susan C. Cook-Patton, Fardausi Akhter, Pascal H. Badiou, Gail L. Chmura, Scott J. Davidson, Raymond L. Desjardins, Andrew Dyk, Joseph E. Fargione, Max Fellows, Ben Filewod, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Susantha Jayasundara, William S. Keeton, Timm Kroeger, Tyler J. Lark, Edward Le, Sara M. Leavitt, Marie Eve Leclerc, Tony C. Lemprière, Juha Metsaranta, Brian Mcconkey, Eric Neilson, Guillaume Peterson St-Laurent, Danijela Puric-Mladenovic, Sebastien Rodrigue, Raju Y. Soolanayakanahally, Seth A. Spawn, Maria Strack, Carolyn Smyth, Naresh Thevathasan, Mihai Voicu, Christopher A. Williams

Geography

Alongside the steep reductions needed in fossil fuel emissions, natural climate solutions (NCS) represent readily deployable options that can contribute to Canada's goals for emission reductions. We estimate the mitigation potential of 24 NCS related to the protection, management, and restoration of natural systems that can also deliver numerous co-benefits, such as enhanced soil productivity, clean air and water, and biodiversity conservation. NCS can provide up to 78.2 (41.0 to 115.1) Tg CO2e/year (95% CI) of mitigation annually in 2030 and 394.4 (173.2 to 612.4) Tg CO2e cumulatively between 2021 and 2030, with 34% available at ≤CAD 50/Mg CO2e. Avoided …

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Unfamiliar Territory: Emerging Themes For Ecological Drought Research And Management, Shelley D. Crausbay, Julio Betancourt, John Bradford, Jennifer Cartwright, William C. Dennison, Jason Dunham, Carolyn A.F. Enquist, Abby G. Frazier, Kimberly R. Hall, Jeremy S. Littell, Charles H. Luce, Richard Palmer, Aaron R. Ramirez, Imtiaz Rangwala, Laura Thompson, Brianne M. Walsh, Shawn Carter Sep 2020

Unfamiliar Territory: Emerging Themes For Ecological Drought Research And Management, Shelley D. Crausbay, Julio Betancourt, John Bradford, Jennifer Cartwright, William C. Dennison, Jason Dunham, Carolyn A.F. Enquist, Abby G. Frazier, Kimberly R. Hall, Jeremy S. Littell, Charles H. Luce, Richard Palmer, Aaron R. Ramirez, Imtiaz Rangwala, Laura Thompson, Brianne M. Walsh, Shawn Carter

Geography

Novel forms of drought are emerging globally, due to climate change, shifting teleconnection patterns, expanding human water use, and a history of human influence on the environment that increases the probability of transformational ecological impacts. These costly ecological impacts cascade to human communities, and understanding this changing drought landscape is one of today's grand challenges. By using a modified horizon-scanning approach that integrated scientists, managers, and decision-makers, we identified the emerging issues in ecological drought that represent key challenges to timely and effective responses. Here we review the themes that most urgently need attention, including novel drought conditions, the potential …

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Geographies Of Transition—From Topical Concerns To Theoretical Engagement: A Commentary On The Transitions Research Agenda, Christian Binz, Lars Coenen, James T. Murphy, Bernhard Truffer Mar 2020

Geographies Of Transition—From Topical Concerns To Theoretical Engagement: A Commentary On The Transitions Research Agenda, Christian Binz, Lars Coenen, James T. Murphy, Bernhard Truffer

Geography

This viewpoint takes stock with the ‘geography of sustainability transitions’ (GOST) as it is presented in the transitions research agenda. GOST has been a relatively recent addition to transition theorizing, addressing the need for greater sensitivity and attention to the scales, spatialities, and context-specific factors that shape transitions. In our view, the agenda represents a rather narrow perspective on GOST, which is geared to two empirical themes, namely urban transitions and transitions in developing countries. While these are relevant and topical issues, the section lacks sufficient acknowledgement of the increasing engagement of geographers with transitions studies and the theoretical approaches …

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Experimental Approaches In Development And Poverty Alleviation, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers, Anthony J. Bebbington, Catherine Boone, Jampel Dell'angelo, Jean Philippe Platteau, Arun Agrawal Mar 2020

Experimental Approaches In Development And Poverty Alleviation, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers, Anthony J. Bebbington, Catherine Boone, Jampel Dell'angelo, Jean Philippe Platteau, Arun Agrawal

Geography

This inaugural World Development Symposium on Development and Poverty Alleviation brings together contributions from a range of disciplines, scholars, practitioners, and countries to mark the recognition of Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer (BDK) through the 2019 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Contributors examine how BDK's work has changed the methods and study of Development Economics, and their extended impact in other social science and interdisciplinary fields. Although experimental evaluation has had a profound impact on the conduct of much research and policy making, further development of RCT approaches, and collaboration across methods …

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Effects Of Category Aggregation On Land Change Simulation Based On Corine Land Cover Data, Orsolya Gyöngyi Varga, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Zsuzsanna Szabó, Szilárd Szabó Jan 2020

Effects Of Category Aggregation On Land Change Simulation Based On Corine Land Cover Data, Orsolya Gyöngyi Varga, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Zsuzsanna Szabó, Szilárd Szabó

Geography

Several factors influence the performance of land change simulation models. One potentially important factor is land category aggregation, which reduces the number of categories while having the potential to reduce also the size of apparent land change in the data. Our article compares how four methods to aggregate Corine Land Cover categories influence the size of land changes in various spatial extents and consequently influence the performance of 114 Cellular Automata-Markov simulation model runs. We calculated the reference change during the calibration interval, the reference change during the validation interval and the simulation change during the validation interval, along with …

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Enhanced Intensity Analysis To Quantify Categorical Change And To Identify Suspicious Land Transitions: A Case Study Of Nanchang, China, Zheyu Xie, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Jinliang Huang, Vilas Nitivattananon Jan 2020

Enhanced Intensity Analysis To Quantify Categorical Change And To Identify Suspicious Land Transitions: A Case Study Of Nanchang, China, Zheyu Xie, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Jinliang Huang, Vilas Nitivattananon

Geography

Conventional methods to analyze a transition matrix do not offer in-depth signals concerning land changes. The land change community needs an effective approach to visualize both the size and intensity of land transitions while considering possible map errors. We propose a framework that integrates error analysis, intensity analysis, and difference components, and then uses the framework to analyze land change in Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi province, China. We used remotely sensed data for six categories at four time points: 1989, 2000, 2008, and 2016. We had a confusion matrix for only 2016, which estimated that the map of …

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A Green Transition In South Africa? Sociotechnical Experimentation In The Atlantis Special Economic Zone, Richard Grant, Pádraig Carmody, James T. Murphy Jan 2020

A Green Transition In South Africa? Sociotechnical Experimentation In The Atlantis Special Economic Zone, Richard Grant, Pádraig Carmody, James T. Murphy

Geography

South Africa faces interconnected challenges of developing and diversifying its economy and adapting to and mitigating the impacts of climate change. A green policy tilt is ascendant in the country, manifest in a cascading array of policies and special initiatives. Utilising concepts from the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions, we assess Africa's first designated Green Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Atlantis SEZ (ASEZ) in the Western Cape, a niche innovation aimed at transforming the Province's industrial base. This initiative is very ambitious in four respects: (1) it links green SEZ development in a deprived metropolitan area to the broader regional economy; …

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Framing The Search For A Theory Of Land Use, B. L. Turner, Patrick Meyfroidt, Tobias Kuemmerle, Daniel Müller, Rinku Roy Chowdhury Jan 2020

Framing The Search For A Theory Of Land Use, B. L. Turner, Patrick Meyfroidt, Tobias Kuemmerle, Daniel Müller, Rinku Roy Chowdhury

Geography

Land system science and affiliated research linked to sustainability require improved understanding and theorization of land and its change as a social-ecological system (SES). The absence of a general land-use theory, anchored in the social subsystem but with explicit links to the environmental subsystem, hampers this effort. Drawing on land-use explanations, meta-analyses, and associated frameworks, we advance a broad framework structure of eight elements–aggregations of explanatory variables–with links to the biophysical subsystem, for systematic comparisons of extant explanations. Tests and models can be employed to identify which set of variables and their configurations provide robust explanations of across land uses, …

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Forest-Linked Livelihoods In A Globalized World, Johan A. Oldekop, Laura Vang Rasmussen, Arun Agrawal, Anthony J. Bebbington, Patrick Meyfroidt, David N. Bengston, Allen Blackman, Stephen Brooks, Iain Davidson-Hunt, Penny Davies, Stanley C. Dinsi, Lorenza B. Fontana, Tatiana Gumucio, Chetan Kumar, Kundan Kumar, Dominic Moran, Tuyeni H. Mwampamba, Robert Nasi, Margareta Nilsson, Miguel A. Pinedo-Vasquez, Jeanine M. Rhemtulla, William J. Sutherland, Cristy Watkins, Sarah J. Wilson Jan 2020

Forest-Linked Livelihoods In A Globalized World, Johan A. Oldekop, Laura Vang Rasmussen, Arun Agrawal, Anthony J. Bebbington, Patrick Meyfroidt, David N. Bengston, Allen Blackman, Stephen Brooks, Iain Davidson-Hunt, Penny Davies, Stanley C. Dinsi, Lorenza B. Fontana, Tatiana Gumucio, Chetan Kumar, Kundan Kumar, Dominic Moran, Tuyeni H. Mwampamba, Robert Nasi, Margareta Nilsson, Miguel A. Pinedo-Vasquez, Jeanine M. Rhemtulla, William J. Sutherland, Cristy Watkins, Sarah J. Wilson

Geography

Forests have re-taken centre stage in global conversations about sustainability, climate and biodiversity. Here, we use a horizon scanning approach to identify five large-scale trends that are likely to have substantial medium- and long-term effects on forests and forest livelihoods: forest megadisturbances; changing rural demographics; the rise of the middle-class in low- and middle-income countries; increased availability, access and use of digital technologies; and large-scale infrastructure development. These trends represent human and environmental processes that are exceptionally large in geographical extent and magnitude, and difficult to reverse. They are creating new agricultural and urban frontiers, changing existing rural landscapes and …

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Accounting For Training Data Error In Machine Learning Applied To Earth Observations, Arthur Elmes, Hamed Alemohammad, Ryan Avery, Kelly Caylor, J. Ronald Eastman, Lewis Fishgold, Mark A. Friedl, Meha Jain, Divyani Kohli, Juan Carlos Laso Bayas, Dalton Lunga, Jessica L. Mccarty, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Andrew B. Reinmann, John Rogan, Lei Song, Hristiana Stoynova, Su Ye, Zhuang Fang Yi, Lyndon Estes Jan 2020

Accounting For Training Data Error In Machine Learning Applied To Earth Observations, Arthur Elmes, Hamed Alemohammad, Ryan Avery, Kelly Caylor, J. Ronald Eastman, Lewis Fishgold, Mark A. Friedl, Meha Jain, Divyani Kohli, Juan Carlos Laso Bayas, Dalton Lunga, Jessica L. Mccarty, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Andrew B. Reinmann, John Rogan, Lei Song, Hristiana Stoynova, Su Ye, Zhuang Fang Yi, Lyndon Estes

Geography

Remote sensing, or Earth Observation (EO), is increasingly used to understand Earth system dynamics and create continuous and categorical maps of biophysical properties and land cover, especially based on recent advances in machine learning (ML). ML models typically require large, spatially explicit training datasets to make accurate predictions. Training data (TD) are typically generated by digitizing polygons on high spatial-resolution imagery, by collecting in situ data, or by using pre-existing datasets. TD are often assumed to accurately represent the truth, but in practice almost always have error, stemming from (1) sample design, and (2) sample collection errors. The latter is …

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Change Points Detected In Decadal And Seasonal Trends Of Outlet Glacier Terminus Positions Across West Greenland, Ashley V. York, Karen E. Frey, Sadegh Jamali, Sarah B. Das Jan 2020

Change Points Detected In Decadal And Seasonal Trends Of Outlet Glacier Terminus Positions Across West Greenland, Ashley V. York, Karen E. Frey, Sadegh Jamali, Sarah B. Das

Geography

We investigated the change in terminus position between 1985 and 2015 of 17 marine-terminating glaciers that drain into Disko and Uummannaq Bays, West Greenland, by manually digitizing over 5000 individual frontal positions from over 1200 Landsat images. We find that 15 of 17 glacier termini retreated over the study period, with ~80% of this retreat occurring since 2000. Increased frequency of Landsat observations since 2000 allowed for further investigation of the seasonal variability in terminus position. We identified 10 actively retreating glaciers based on a significant positive relationship between glaciers with cumulative retreat >300 m since 2000 and their average …

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Integrated Approaches To Understanding And Reducing Drought Impact On Food Security Across Scales, Xiaogang He, Lyndon Estes, Megan Konar, Di Tian, Daniela Anghileri, Kathy Baylis, Tom P. Evans, Justin Sheffield Oct 2019

Integrated Approaches To Understanding And Reducing Drought Impact On Food Security Across Scales, Xiaogang He, Lyndon Estes, Megan Konar, Di Tian, Daniela Anghileri, Kathy Baylis, Tom P. Evans, Justin Sheffield

Geography

Understanding the cross-scale linkages between drought and food security is vital to developing tools to reduce drought impacts and support decision making. This study reviews how drought hazards transfer to food insecurity through changes in physical processes and socio-environmental systems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. We propose a multi-scale, integrated framework leveraging modeling advances (e.g. drought and crop monitoring, water-food-energy nexus, decision making) and increased data availability (e.g. satellite remote sensing, food trade) through the lens of the coupled human–natural system to support multidisciplinary approaches and avoid potential policy spillover effects. We discuss current scale-dependent challenges …

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A High-Frequency Mobile Phone Data Collection Approach For Research In Social-Environmental Systems: Applications In Climate Variability And Food Security In Sub-Saharan Africa, Stacey A. Giroux, Inna Kouper, Lyndon Estes, Jacob Schumacher, Kurt Waldman, Joel T. Greenshields, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Kelly K. Caylor, Tom P. Evans Sep 2019

A High-Frequency Mobile Phone Data Collection Approach For Research In Social-Environmental Systems: Applications In Climate Variability And Food Security In Sub-Saharan Africa, Stacey A. Giroux, Inna Kouper, Lyndon Estes, Jacob Schumacher, Kurt Waldman, Joel T. Greenshields, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Kelly K. Caylor, Tom P. Evans

Geography

Collecting high-frequency social-environmental data about farming practices in sub-Saharan Africa can provide new insight into environmental changes that farmers face and how they respond within smallholder agro-ecosystems. Traditional data collection methods such as agricultural censuses are costly and not useful for understanding intra-annual and real-time decisions. Short-message service (SMS) has the potential to transform the nature of data collection in coupled social-ecological systems. We present a system for collecting, managing, and synthesizing weekly data from farmers, including data infrastructure for management of big and heterogeneous datasets; probabilistic data quality assessment tools; and visualization and analysis tools such as mapping and …

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Toward A Normative Land Systems Science, Jonas Nielsen, Ariane De Bremond, Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Cecilie Friis, Graciela Metternicht, Patrick Meyfroidt, Darla Munroe, Unai Pascual, Allison Thomson Jun 2019

Toward A Normative Land Systems Science, Jonas Nielsen, Ariane De Bremond, Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Cecilie Friis, Graciela Metternicht, Patrick Meyfroidt, Darla Munroe, Unai Pascual, Allison Thomson

Geography

Science should provide solutions for societal transformations toward sustainability in the face of global environmental change. Land system science, as a systemic science focused on complex socio-ecological interactions around land use and associated trade-offs and synergies, is well placed to contribute to this agenda. This goal requires a stronger engagement with the normative implications of scientific practice, research topics, questions and results. We identify concerns as well as three concrete steps for land system science to more deeply contribute in normative issues. In particular, we encourage land system scientists to discuss explicitly the normative questions, values, perspectives and assumptions already …

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Cognitive Biases About Climate Variability In Smallholder Farming Systems In Zambia, Kurt B. Waldman, Noemi Vergopolan, Shahzeen Z. Attari, Justin Sheffield, Lyndon Estes, Kelly K. Caylor, Tom P. Evans Apr 2019

Cognitive Biases About Climate Variability In Smallholder Farming Systems In Zambia, Kurt B. Waldman, Noemi Vergopolan, Shahzeen Z. Attari, Justin Sheffield, Lyndon Estes, Kelly K. Caylor, Tom P. Evans

Geography

Given the varying manifestations of climate change over time and the influence of climate perceptions on adaptation, it is important to understand whether farmer perceptions match patterns of environmental change from observational data. We use a combination of social and environmental data to understand farmer perceptions related to rainy season onset. Household surveys were conducted with 1171 farmers across Zambia at the end of the 2015/16 growing season eliciting their perceptions of historic changes in rainy season onset and their heuristics about when rain onset occurs. We compare farmers' perceptions with satellite-gauge-derived rainfall data from the Climate Hazards Group Infrared …

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Probabilistic Global Maps Of Crop-Specific Areas From 1961 To 2014, Nicole D. Jackson, Megan Konar, Peter Debaere, Lyndon Estes Jan 2019

Probabilistic Global Maps Of Crop-Specific Areas From 1961 To 2014, Nicole D. Jackson, Megan Konar, Peter Debaere, Lyndon Estes

Geography

Agriculture has substantial socioeconomic and environmental impacts that vary between crops. However, information on how the spatial distribution of specific crops has changed over time across the globe is relatively sparse. We introduce the Probabilistic Cropland Allocation Model (PCAM), a novel algorithm to estimate where specific crops have likely been grown over time. Specifically, PCAM downscales annual and national-scale data on the crop-specific area harvested of 17 major crops to a global 0.5-degree grid from 1961 to 2014. To do this, pixels are assigned into probability clusters based upon crop-specific pixel suitability (based on mean climate and soil characteristics) and …

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Gis Analysis Of Human Excreta Management In Slum Areas And Its Impacts On The Environment - Viwandani, Nairobi Kenya, Stephen Osero, Jian Chen Jan 2019

Gis Analysis Of Human Excreta Management In Slum Areas And Its Impacts On The Environment - Viwandani, Nairobi Kenya, Stephen Osero, Jian Chen

Geography

No abstract provided.

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Understanding Small Town Sprawl Using Gis, Priscilla Lema, Francis Koti Jan 2019

Understanding Small Town Sprawl Using Gis, Priscilla Lema, Francis Koti

Geography

No abstract provided.

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China In The South China Sea: How Are Chinese Claims Portrayed In Media?, Chase Womack Jan 2019

China In The South China Sea: How Are Chinese Claims Portrayed In Media?, Chase Womack

Geography

No abstract provided.

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Youth Visitor Dynamics In Four Pacific Coast National Parks, John Crowell, Michael Pretes Jan 2019

Youth Visitor Dynamics In Four Pacific Coast National Parks, John Crowell, Michael Pretes

Geography

No abstract provided.

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Mapping Populations At Greater Risk Of Malaria Due To Hydroelectric Dams In Ethiopia: A Case Study Of The Gilgel Gibe Iii Hydroelectric Dam, Abigail Smith Jan 2019

Mapping Populations At Greater Risk Of Malaria Due To Hydroelectric Dams In Ethiopia: A Case Study Of The Gilgel Gibe Iii Hydroelectric Dam, Abigail Smith

Geography

No abstract provided.

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Subglacial Roughness Of The Greenland Ice Sheet: Relationship With Contemporary Ice Velocity And Geology, Michael A. Cooper, Thomas M. Jordan, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Christopher N. Williams, Jonathan L. Bamber Jan 2019

Subglacial Roughness Of The Greenland Ice Sheet: Relationship With Contemporary Ice Velocity And Geology, Michael A. Cooper, Thomas M. Jordan, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Christopher N. Williams, Jonathan L. Bamber

Geography

The subglacial environment of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is poorly constrained both in its bulk properties, for example geology, the presence of sediment, and the presence of water, and interfacial conditions, such as roughness and bed rheology. There is, therefore, limited understanding of how spatially heterogeneous subglacial properties relate to ice-sheet motion. Here, via analysis of 2 decades of radio-echo sounding data, we present a new systematic analysis of subglacial roughness beneath the GrIS. We use two independent methods to quantify subglacial roughness: first, the variability in along-track topography - enabling an assessment of roughness anisotropy from pairs of …

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Unbundling Property In Boston’S Urban Food Commons, Oona Morrow, Deborah Martin Jan 2019

Unbundling Property In Boston’S Urban Food Commons, Oona Morrow, Deborah Martin

Geography

Households and community organizations are involved in the creation, use, care, and management of urban spaces, including through food practices such as planting, foraging, harvesting, weeding and pruning at the ambiguous edges of public and private property. Drawing on case studies in Boston, Massachusetts, we examine how commons are articulated through these practices, particularly in relation to multiple dimensions of property rights. Specifically, we ask how food practices can open urban spaces to negotiations around access, responsibility, care, and ownership, especially when (property) ownership is not an end-goal, but a circumstance shaping other practices. Using interviews and participant observation of …

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Residential Household Yard Care Practices Along Urban-Exurban Gradients In Six Climatically-Diverse U.S. Metropolitan Areas, Dexter H. Locke, Colin Polsky, J. Morgan Grove, Peter M. Groffman, Kristen C. Nelson, Kelli L. Larson, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, James B. Heffernan, Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Sarah E. Hobbie, Neil D. Bettez, Sharon J. Hall, Christopher Neill, Laura Ogden, Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne Jan 2019

Residential Household Yard Care Practices Along Urban-Exurban Gradients In Six Climatically-Diverse U.S. Metropolitan Areas, Dexter H. Locke, Colin Polsky, J. Morgan Grove, Peter M. Groffman, Kristen C. Nelson, Kelli L. Larson, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, James B. Heffernan, Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Sarah E. Hobbie, Neil D. Bettez, Sharon J. Hall, Christopher Neill, Laura Ogden, Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne

Geography

Residential land is expanding in the United States, and lawn now covers more area than the country’s leading irrigated crop by area. Given that lawns are widespread across diverse climatic regions and there is rising concern about the environmental impacts associated with their management, there is a clear need to understand the geographic variation, drivers, and outcomes of common yard care practices. We hypothesized that 1) income, age, and the number of neighbors known by name will be positively associated with the odds of having irrigated, fertilized, or applied pesticides in the last year, 2) irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application …

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Ngos As Innovators In Extractive Industry Governance. Insights From The Eiti Process In Colombia And Peru, Elisa Arond, Anthony J. Bebbington, Juan Luis Dammert Jan 2019

Ngos As Innovators In Extractive Industry Governance. Insights From The Eiti Process In Colombia And Peru, Elisa Arond, Anthony J. Bebbington, Juan Luis Dammert

Geography

This paper explores NGO participation within the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a multi-stakeholder governance arrangement focused on generating greater transparency in the governance of extractive industries, and in particular in fiscal arrangements around mining, oil and gas operations. Using the cases of Peru and Colombia, we examine what motivates NGO participation in EITI, how NGOs have pursued innovations within EITI, the extent to which they have succeeded in achieving their goals, and the factors limiting or shaping their achievements. We draw on interviews conducted between 2013 and 2018, participation in global EITI meetings, and secondary material. The paper examines …

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