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Faculty Publications

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Articles 211 - 240 of 371

Full-Text Articles in Geography

Environmental Influences On Forest Fire Regime In The Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China, Qian Fan, Cuizhen Wang, Dongyou Zhang, Shuying Zang Oct 2017

Environmental Influences On Forest Fire Regime In The Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China, Qian Fan, Cuizhen Wang, Dongyou Zhang, Shuying Zang

Faculty Publications

Fires are the major disturbances in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, the only boreal forest in Northeast China. A comprehensive understanding of the fire regimes and influencing environmental parameters driving them from small to large fires is critical for effective forest fire prevention and management. Assisted with satellite imagery, topographic data, and climatic records in this region, this study examines its fire regimes in terms of ignition causes, frequencies, seasonality, and burned sizes in the period of 1980–2005. We found an upward trend for fire occurrences and burned areas and an elongated fire season over the three decades. The dates of …

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A Modified Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (Mndisi) For Automatic Urban Mapping From Landsat Imagery, Zhongchang Sun, Cuizhen Wang, Huadong Guo, Ranran Shang Sep 2017

A Modified Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (Mndisi) For Automatic Urban Mapping From Landsat Imagery, Zhongchang Sun, Cuizhen Wang, Huadong Guo, Ranran Shang

Faculty Publications

Impervious surface area (ISA) is a key factor for monitoring urban environment and land development. Automatic mapping of impervious surfaces has attracted growing attention in recent years. Spectral built-up indices are considered promising to map ISA distributions due to their easy, parameter-free implementations. This study explores the potentials of impervious surface indices for ISA mapping from Landsat imagery using a case study area in Boston, USA. A modified normalized difference impervious surface index (MNDISI) is proposed, and a Gaussian-based automatic threshold selection method is used to identify the optimal MNDISI threshold for delineating impervious surfaces from background features. To evaluate …

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Methods For Real-Time Prediction Of The Mode Of Travel Using Smartphone-Based Gps And Accelerometer Data, Bryan D. Martin, Vittorio Addona, Julian Wolfson, Gediminas Adomavicius, Yingling Fan Sep 2017

Methods For Real-Time Prediction Of The Mode Of Travel Using Smartphone-Based Gps And Accelerometer Data, Bryan D. Martin, Vittorio Addona, Julian Wolfson, Gediminas Adomavicius, Yingling Fan

Faculty Publications

We propose and compare combinations of several methods for classifying transportation activity data from smartphone GPS and accelerometer sensors. We have two main objectives. First, we aim to classify our data as accurately as possible. Second, we aim to reduce the dimensionality of the data as much as possible in order to reduce the computational burden of the classification. We combine dimension reduction and classification algorithms and compare them with a metric that balances accuracy and dimensionality. In doing so, we develop a classification algorithm that accurately classifies five different modes of transportation (i.e., walking, biking, car, bus and rail) …

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Some Hispanic And Latino Landscapes Of New Orleans, Andrew Sluyter Aug 2017

Some Hispanic And Latino Landscapes Of New Orleans, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Lack Of Spatial Resilience In A Recovery Process: Case L'Aquila, Italy, Diana Contreras, Thomas Blaschke, Michael E. Hodgson Aug 2017

Lack Of Spatial Resilience In A Recovery Process: Case L'Aquila, Italy, Diana Contreras, Thomas Blaschke, Michael E. Hodgson

Faculty Publications

The lack of coordination between government agencies, involvement of the collaboration networks existing in the community, and incorporation of spatial planning in the location of the new settlements around L'Aquila (Italy) after the 2009 earthquake has delayed reconstruction of the city centre. The displaced population was relocated to 19 new settlements. These new settlements are characterized by a lack of urban facilities. The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between urban facilities, collaboration networks and lack of spatial resilience in the recovery process in L'Aquila. Specifically, we focused on the preferences of inhabitants to search for alternative …

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Mapping Typical Urban Lulc From Landsat Imagery Without Training Samples Or Self-Defined Parameters, Hui Li, Cuizhen Wang, Cheng Zhong, Zhi Zhang, Qingbin Liu Jul 2017

Mapping Typical Urban Lulc From Landsat Imagery Without Training Samples Or Self-Defined Parameters, Hui Li, Cuizhen Wang, Cheng Zhong, Zhi Zhang, Qingbin Liu

Faculty Publications

Land use/land cover (LULC) change is one of the most important indicators in understanding the interactions between humans and the environment. Traditionally, when LULC maps are produced yearly, most existing remote-sensing methods have to collect ground reference data annually, as the classifiers have to be trained individually in each corresponding year. This study presented a novel strategy to map LULC classes without training samples or assigning parameters. First of all, several novel indices were carefully selected from the index pool, which were able to highlight certain LULC very well. Following this, a common unsupervised classifier was employed to extract the …

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Examining The Use Of Amazon's Mechanical Turk For Edge Extraction Of The Occlusal Surface Of Fossilized Bovid Teeth, Gregory J. Matthews, George K. Thiruvathukal, Maxwell P. Luetkemeier, Juliet K. Brophy Jul 2017

Examining The Use Of Amazon's Mechanical Turk For Edge Extraction Of The Occlusal Surface Of Fossilized Bovid Teeth, Gregory J. Matthews, George K. Thiruvathukal, Maxwell P. Luetkemeier, Juliet K. Brophy

Faculty Publications

In order to reconstruct environments associated with Plio-Pleistocene hominins in southern Africa, researchers frequently rely upon the animals associated with the hominins, in particular, animals in the Family Bovidae. Bovids in southern Africa are typically identified by their teeth. However, identifying the taxon of a bovid tooth is challenging due to various biasing factors. Furthermore, inaccurate identification of fossil bovids can have significant consequences on the reconstructed paleoenvironment. Recent research on the classification of bovid fossil teeth has relied on using elliptical Fourier analysis to summarize the shape of the outline of the occlusal surface of the tooth and the …

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Assessing Re-Composition Of Xing’An Larch In Boreal Forests After The 1987 Fire, Northeast China, Junjie Wang, Cuizhen Wang, Shuying Zang May 2017

Assessing Re-Composition Of Xing’An Larch In Boreal Forests After The 1987 Fire, Northeast China, Junjie Wang, Cuizhen Wang, Shuying Zang

Faculty Publications

Xing’an larch, a deciduous coniferous species, is the zonal tree of the Greater Xing’an Mountains in Northeast China. In May 1987, a catastrophic fire broke out in the mountains and burned 1.3 million hectares of forests in 26 days. While studies have shown that forest greenness has come back to normal in certain years, the re-composition of this zonal species has not been studied after the 1987 fire. With a series of Landsat 8 OLI images acquired in 2013–2015, this study builds the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green Vegetation Index (GVI) time series in a complete growing cycle. …

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Digital Hegemonies: The Localness Of Search Engine Results, Andrea Ballatore, Mark Graham, Shilad Sen May 2017

Digital Hegemonies: The Localness Of Search Engine Results, Andrea Ballatore, Mark Graham, Shilad Sen

Faculty Publications

Every day, billions of Internet users rely on search engines to find information about places to make decisions about tourism, shopping, and countless other economic activities. In an opaque process, search engines assemble digital content produced in a variety of locations around the world and make it available to large cohorts of consumers. Although these representations of place are increasingly important and consequential, little is known about their characteristics and possible biases. Analyzing a corpus of Google search results generated for 188 capital cities, this article investigates the geographic dimension of search results, focusing on searches such as “Lagos” and …

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Sacral Variability In Tailless Species: Homo Sapiens And Ochotona Princeps, Robert G. Tague May 2017

Sacral Variability In Tailless Species: Homo Sapiens And Ochotona Princeps, Robert G. Tague

Faculty Publications

Homo sapiens is variable in number of sacral vertebrae, and this variability can lead to obstetrical complication. This study uses the comparative method to test the hypothesis that sacral variability in H. sapiens is associated with absence of a tail. Three species of lagomorphs are studied: Ochotona princeps (N = 271), which is tailless, and Lepus californicus (N = 212) and Sylvilagus audubonii (N = 206), which have tails. Results show that O. princeps has (1) higher diversity index for number of sacral vertebrae (0.49) compared to L. californicus (0.25) and S. audubonii (0.26) and (2) significantly higher percentage of …

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Impact Of High-Resolution Topographic Mapping On Beach Morphological Analyses Based On Terrestrial Lidar And Object-Oriented Beach Evolution, Xuelian Meng, Xukai Zhang, Rodolfo Silva, Chunyan Li, Lei Wang May 2017

Impact Of High-Resolution Topographic Mapping On Beach Morphological Analyses Based On Terrestrial Lidar And Object-Oriented Beach Evolution, Xuelian Meng, Xukai Zhang, Rodolfo Silva, Chunyan Li, Lei Wang

Faculty Publications

This research applied terrestrial LiDAR for laboratory beach evolution experiments to quantify the impact of resolution on topographic mapping and change analyses. The multi-site registration and multi-Temporal scanning processes produced high accuracy (-0.002 - 0.003 m) topographic models in a wave tank environment. Morphological analyses based on surface change and profiles showed that models of all resolutions were capable of capturing major sediment changes in relatively smooth areas. However, higher resolution models were necessary in areas with rough surfaces and sudden elevation changes, while coarser resolution models smoothed the roughness and underestimated feature height (e.g., peaks and troughs). Decreasing resolutions …

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Mapping Urban Bare Land Automatically From Landsat Imagery With A Simple Index, Hui Li, Cuizhen Wang, Cheng Zhong, Aijun Su, Chengren Xiong, Jinge Wang, Junqi Liu Mar 2017

Mapping Urban Bare Land Automatically From Landsat Imagery With A Simple Index, Hui Li, Cuizhen Wang, Cheng Zhong, Aijun Su, Chengren Xiong, Jinge Wang, Junqi Liu

Faculty Publications

In recent years, hundreds of Earth observation satellites have been launched to collect massive amounts of remote sensing images. However, the considerable cost and time to process the significant amount of data have become the greatest obstacle between data and knowledge. In order to accelerate the transformation from remote sensing images to urban thematic maps, a strategy to map the bare land automatically from Landsat imagery was developed and assessed in this study. First, a normalized difference bare land index (NBLI) was presented to maximally differentiate bare land from other land types in Wuhan City, China. Then, an unsupervised classifier …

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Mapping Urban Bare Land Automatically From Landsat Imagery With A Simple Index, Hui Li, Cuizhen Wang, Cheng Zhong, Aijun Su, Chengren Xiong, Jinge Wang, Junqi Liu Mar 2017

Mapping Urban Bare Land Automatically From Landsat Imagery With A Simple Index, Hui Li, Cuizhen Wang, Cheng Zhong, Aijun Su, Chengren Xiong, Jinge Wang, Junqi Liu

Faculty Publications

In recent years, hundreds of Earth observation satellites have been launched to collect massive amounts of remote sensing images. However, the considerable cost and time to process the significant amount of data have become the greatest obstacle between data and knowledge. In order to accelerate the transformation from remote sensing images to urban thematic maps, a strategy to map the bare land automatically from Landsat imagery was developed and assessed in this study. First, a normalized difference bare land index (NBLI) was presented to maximally differentiate bare land from other land types in Wuhan City, China. Then, an unsupervised classifier …

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Editorial, Jamal Jokar Arsanjani, Michael Leitner, Alexander Zipf Mar 2017

Editorial, Jamal Jokar Arsanjani, Michael Leitner, Alexander Zipf

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Frontiers In Spatial And Spatiotemporal Crime Analytics - An Editorial, Marco Helbich, Michael Leitner Mar 2017

Frontiers In Spatial And Spatiotemporal Crime Analytics - An Editorial, Marco Helbich, Michael Leitner

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Land Use Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Urban Crime: A Case Study Of Szczecin, Poland, Natalia Sypion-Dutkowska, Michael Leitner Mar 2017

Land Use Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Urban Crime: A Case Study Of Szczecin, Poland, Natalia Sypion-Dutkowska, Michael Leitner

Faculty Publications

This paper falls into a common field of scientific research and its practical applications at the interface of urban geography, environmental criminology, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The purpose of this study is to identify types of different land use which influence the spatial distribution of a set of crime types at the intra-urban scale. The originality of the adopted approach lies in its consideration of a large number of different land use types considered as hypothetically influencing the spatial distribution of nine types of common crimes, geocoded at the address-level: car crimes, theft of property-other, residential crimes, property damage, …

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Failure Matters: Reassembling Eco-Urbanism In A Globalizing China, I-Chun Catherine Chang Jan 2017

Failure Matters: Reassembling Eco-Urbanism In A Globalizing China, I-Chun Catherine Chang

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Spring Temperature Variability Over Turkey Since 1800 Ce Reconstructed From A Broad Network Of Tree-Ring Data, Nesibe Köse, H. Tuncay Güner, Grant L. Harley, Joel Guiot Jan 2017

Spring Temperature Variability Over Turkey Since 1800 Ce Reconstructed From A Broad Network Of Tree-Ring Data, Nesibe Köse, H. Tuncay Güner, Grant L. Harley, Joel Guiot

Faculty Publications

The meteorological observational period in Turkey, which starts ca. 1930 CE, is too short for understanding long-term climatic variability. Tree rings have been used intensively as proxy records to understand summer precipitation history of the region, primarily because they have a dominant precipitation signal. Yet, the historical context of temperature variability is unclear. Here, we used higher-order principle components of a network of 23 tree-ring chronologies to provide a high-resolution spring (March–April) temperature reconstruction over Turkey during the period 1800– 2002. The reconstruction model accounted for 67 % (Adj. R 2 = 0.64, p < 0.0001) of the instrumental temperature variance over the full calibration period (1930–2002). The reconstruction is punctuated by a temperature increase during the 20th century; yet extreme cold and warm events during the 19th century seem to eclipse conditions during the 20th century. We found significant correlations between our March–April spring temperature reconstruction and existing gridded spring temperature reconstructions for Europe over Turkey and southeastern Europe. Moreover, the precipitation signal obtained from the tree-ring network (first principle component) showed highly significant correlations with gridded summer drought index reconstruction over Turkey and Mediterranean countries. Our results showed that, beside the dominant precipitation signal, a temperature signal can be extracted from tree-ring series and they can be useful proxies in reconstructing past temperature variability.

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Territoriality, Monumentality, And Religion In Formative Period Nepeña, Coastal Ancash, David Chicoine, Hugo Ikehara, Koichiro Shibata, Matthew Helmer Jan 2017

Territoriality, Monumentality, And Religion In Formative Period Nepeña, Coastal Ancash, David Chicoine, Hugo Ikehara, Koichiro Shibata, Matthew Helmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Review Of Rice: Global Networks And New Histories, Ed. By Francesca Bray, Peter A. Coclanis, Edda L. Fields-Black, And Dagmar Schäfer, Andrew Sluyter Jan 2017

Review Of Rice: Global Networks And New Histories, Ed. By Francesca Bray, Peter A. Coclanis, Edda L. Fields-Black, And Dagmar Schäfer, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Land Cover Data For The Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands, 2010-2011, Gregory A. Carter, Carlton P. Anderson, Kelly L. Lucas, Nathan L. Hopper Sep 2016

Land Cover Data For The Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands, 2010-2011, Gregory A. Carter, Carlton P. Anderson, Kelly L. Lucas, Nathan L. Hopper

Faculty Publications

Land cover on the Mississippi–Alabama barrier islands was surveyed in 2010–2011 as part of continuing research on island geomorphic and vegetation dynamics following the 2005 impact of Hurricane Katrina. Results of the survey include sub-meter GPS location, a listing of dominant vegetation species and field photographs recorded at 375 sampling locations distributed among Cat, West Ship, East Ship, Horn, Sand, Petit Bois and Dauphin Islands. The survey was conducted in a period of intensive remote sensing data acquisition over the northern Gulf of Mexico by federal, state and commercial organizations in response to the 2010 Macondo Well (Deepwater Horizon) oil …

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Erosion And Sedimentation During The September 2015 Flooding Of The Kinu River, Central Japan, Dan Matsumoto, Yuki Sawai, Masaki Yamada, Yuichi Namegaya, Tetsuya Shinozaki, Daisuke Takeda, Shigehiro Fujino, Koichiro Tanigawa, Atsunori Nakamura, Jessica E. Pilarczyk Sep 2016

Erosion And Sedimentation During The September 2015 Flooding Of The Kinu River, Central Japan, Dan Matsumoto, Yuki Sawai, Masaki Yamada, Yuichi Namegaya, Tetsuya Shinozaki, Daisuke Takeda, Shigehiro Fujino, Koichiro Tanigawa, Atsunori Nakamura, Jessica E. Pilarczyk

Faculty Publications

Erosional and sedimentary features associated with flooding have been documented in both modern and past cases. However, only a few studies have demonstrated the relationship between these features and the corresponding hydraulic conditions that produced them, making it difficult to evaluate the magnitude of paleo-flooding. This study describes the characteristics associated with inundation depth and flow direction, as well as the erosional and sedimentary features resulting from the disastrous flooding of the Kinu River, central Japan, in September 2015. Water levels rose rapidly due to heavy rainfall that eventually overtopped, and subsequently breached, a levee in Joso City, causing destructive …

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Automatic Scaling Hadoop In The Cloud For Efficient Process Of Big Geospatial Data, Zhenlong Li, Chaoweikai Yang, Kai Liu, Fei Hu, Baoxuan Jin Sep 2016

Automatic Scaling Hadoop In The Cloud For Efficient Process Of Big Geospatial Data, Zhenlong Li, Chaoweikai Yang, Kai Liu, Fei Hu, Baoxuan Jin

Faculty Publications

Efficient processing of big geospatial data is crucial for tackling global and regional challenges such as climate change and natural disasters, but it is challenging not only due to the massive data volume but also due to the intrinsic complexity and high dimensions of the geospatial datasets. While traditional computing infrastructure does not scale well with the rapidly increasing data volume, Hadoop has attracted increasing attention in geoscience communities for handling big geospatial data. Recently, many studies were carried out to investigate adopting Hadoop for processing big geospatial data, but how to adjust the computing resources to efficiently handle the …

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Geographical Analysis Of Community Resilience To Seismic Hazard In Southwest China, Xiaolu Li, Lei Wang, Shan Liu Sep 2016

Geographical Analysis Of Community Resilience To Seismic Hazard In Southwest China, Xiaolu Li, Lei Wang, Shan Liu

Faculty Publications

This article presents an explorative analysis of community resilience to seismic hazard in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake area of Southwest China. We used a regression model to analyze the impact of 13 key socioeconomic and demographic variables on community resilience in 105 counties, based on data derived from population census and provincial statistical yearbooks of China. In this research, we argue that community resilience should be measured by the change of population growth rate (Δdp) instead of population growth rate (dp) when using socioeconomic data from a fast-growing country such as China. Using Δdp as the dependent variable resulted in …

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Morphological Characteristics Of The Ice Margins Of Antarctic Ice Shelf And Outlet Glacier Extracted From Icesat Laser Altimetry Along-Track Profiles, Jieun Kim, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, Hongxing Liu, Haein Shin Aug 2016

Morphological Characteristics Of The Ice Margins Of Antarctic Ice Shelf And Outlet Glacier Extracted From Icesat Laser Altimetry Along-Track Profiles, Jieun Kim, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, Hongxing Liu, Haein Shin

Faculty Publications

The Antarctic ice sheet topography including elevation and slope is a key parameter for understanding ice sheet dynamics because the surface slope is a major controller of the ice flow gravitational driving stress magnitude. This study used Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry data to analyze the ice margin morphological parameters for 20 ice shelves and 12 outlet glaciers distributed over Antarctica. The bottom-up segmentation algorithm application effectively extracted the morphological parameters from the laser altimetry profiles. The ice shelves had an average boundary elevation of 29.5 m and a slope of 7.8°, with a decreasing surface …

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The Use Of Aerial Rgb Imagery And Lidar In Comparing Ecological Habitats And Geomorphic Features On A Natural Versus Man-Made Barrier Island, Carlton P. Anderson, Gregory A. Carter, William R. Funderburk Jul 2016

The Use Of Aerial Rgb Imagery And Lidar In Comparing Ecological Habitats And Geomorphic Features On A Natural Versus Man-Made Barrier Island, Carlton P. Anderson, Gregory A. Carter, William R. Funderburk

Faculty Publications

The Mississippi (MS) barrier island chain along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline is subject to rapid changes in habitat, geomorphology and elevation by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The purpose of this study was to compare habitat type coverage with respective elevation, geomorphic features and short-term change between the naturally-formed East Ship Island and the man-made Sand Island. Ground surveys, multi-year remotely-sensed data, habitat classifications and digital elevation models were used to quantify short-term habitat and geomorphic change, as well as to examine the relationships between habitat types and micro-elevation. Habitat types and species composition were the same on both …

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High-Resolution Spatial Distribution And Estimation Of Access To Improved Sanitation In Kenya, Peng Jia, John D. Anderson, Michael Leitner, Richard Rheingans Jul 2016

High-Resolution Spatial Distribution And Estimation Of Access To Improved Sanitation In Kenya, Peng Jia, John D. Anderson, Michael Leitner, Richard Rheingans

Faculty Publications

Background: Access to sanitation facilities is imperative in reducing the risk of multiple adverse health outcomes. A distinct disparity in sanitation exists among different wealth levels in many low-income countries, which may hinder the progress across each of the Millennium Development Goals. Methods: The surveyed households in 397 clusters from 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys were divided into five wealth quintiles based on their national asset scores. A series of spatial analysis methods including excess risk, local spatial autocorrelation, and spatial interpolation were applied to observe disparities in coverage of improved sanitation among different wealth categories. The total number …

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Agriculture On The Brink:Climate Change, Labor And Smallholder Farming In Botswana, William G. Moseley Jun 2016

Agriculture On The Brink:Climate Change, Labor And Smallholder Farming In Botswana, William G. Moseley

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism Among Species Monomorphic In Body Size: Relationship To Relative Newborn Body Mass, Robert G. Tague Mar 2016

Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism Among Species Monomorphic In Body Size: Relationship To Relative Newborn Body Mass, Robert G. Tague

Faculty Publications

Females have larger pelves than males among eutherians to mitigate obstetrical difficulty. This study addresses 3 issues concerning pelvic sexual dimorphism using 8 species that are sexually monomorphic in nonpelvic size: Aotus azarae, Castor canadensis, Dasypus novemcinctus, Hylobates lar, Saguinus geoffroyi, Sciurus carolinensis, Sylvilagus floridanus, and Urocyon cinereoargenteus. Using published data to compute the index of relative newborn body mass (RNBM = [newborn body mass/adult female body mass]100%) for 266 eutherian species, A. azarae, H. lar, and S. geoffroyi are characterized as giving birth to relatively large newborns and the other 5 species as giving birth to relatively small newborns. …

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Accuracy Assessment Of Pictometry® Height Measurements Stratified By Cardinal Direction And Image Magnification Factor, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, I-Kuai Hung, Yanli Zhang Jan 2016

Accuracy Assessment Of Pictometry® Height Measurements Stratified By Cardinal Direction And Image Magnification Factor, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, I-Kuai Hung, Yanli Zhang

Faculty Publications

The aim of this project was to ascertain if Pictometry® estimated height could be used in lieu of field-based height estimation. Height of a light pole measured with a telescopic height pole was compared to Pictometry® hyperspatial 4-inch (10.2 centimeters) multispectral imagery estimated light pole height on the campus of Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Average percent agreement between light pole height and Pictometry® estimated light pole height summarized by Pictometry® image magnification factors at 100%, 125%, 150%, 200%, and 300% magnification were within 98% of light pole height with percent disagreement ranging from …

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