Political Economy Commons^™

Exploring The Transformative Potential Of The E3+3 Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Action With Iran For Improving The Iranian Economy And Its Reintegration Into The Global System, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

This is background note for my presentation at the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt.

Implications Of Global Warming: Two Eras, Philip E. Graves

PHILIP E GRAVES

The purpose of the present paper is to attempt to gain insights into the implications of global warming that is anticipated in the future. In attempting to think about really long-term regional implications, it seems naïve to look at global warming without thinking about long-standing trends in other variables that would be expected to interact with climate change over time. I envision two quite different “eras,” a first filled with considerable danger of both economic and environmental collapse. But—if humanity survives the first period—a second period of great promise for humanity and the global ecosystem is likely to take place. …

“To Tackle Household Debt We Must Address Supply And Demand”, Basak Kus

BASAK KUS

No abstract provided.

‘Capitalism A Nuh’ Wi Frien’. The Formatting Of Farming Into An Asset, From Financial Speculation To International Aid, Luigi Russi, Tomaso Ferrando

Luigi Russi

This paper deciphers the formatting of farming into an asset by tracking the modalities by which financial calculation is enabled across different sites of agency. The first focus of our analysis are commodity futures markets, which have witnessed a double spike in prices in 2008 and in 2012. In the paper, we look at these hikes as the outcome of endogenous dynamics, caused by the changing makeup of market participants after 2000, which turned futures markets into resources for hedging commodity index-linked derivative products. We subsequently analyse the increasing reliance on financial actors placed by public development agencies that channel …

From Governance To Political Economy: Insights From A Study Of Relations Between Corporations And Workers, Harry W. Arthurs, Claire Mumme

Harry Arthurs

This study explores four postwar attempts to re-imagine the role of workers within the corporation and especially their relation to the processes of corporate governance. Employees have been variously conceptualized as "citizens at work," whose rights of association, speech, assembly, and due process can be secured through collective bargaining; as "stakeholders," whose interests are entitled to consideration analogous to those of corporate shareholders; as "human capital," worth preserving and enhancing through enlightened employment policies and practices; and as "investors"-actual holders of corporate equity through pension funds and other vehicles. Despite the descriptive power and normative appeal of these approaches, each …

Beyond National “Varieties”: Public-Service Contracting In Comparative Perspective, Ian Greer, Ian Greenwood, Mark Stuart

Ian Greer

[Excerpt] In this chapter, we will explore how work in contracted-out public services, including that in the voluntary sector, maps onto the broader international political economy of work. Comparative scholars often write about society correcting the excesses of the market, and it is hard to imagine a more relevant phenomenon to this than the voluntary sector. Yet this sector is itself subject to market forces, ironically perhaps, due to its ever-closer relationship with the state. Our study of employment in welfare-to-work services in the UK and Germany, whose findings are summarised below, shows how this relationship works and what its …

Welfare Reform, Precarity And The Re-Commodification Of Labour, Ian Greer

Ian Greer

While welfare reform matters for workers and workplaces, it is peripheral in English-language sociology of work and industrial relations research. This article’s core proposition is that active labour market policies (ALMPs) are altering the institutional constitution of the labour market by intensifying market discipline within the workforce. This re-commodification effect is specified drawing on Marxism, comparative institutionalism, German-language sociology, and English-language social policy analysis. Because of administrative failures and employer discrimination, however, ALMPs may worsen precarity without achieving the stated goal of increasing labour-market participation.

Muslims Lunar’S Blindness, Sajjad Khaksari

SAJJAD KHAKSARI

The age of scientists such as Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (خوارزمی), Al-Farabi (فارابی), Avicenna (پور سینا), Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Masʿūd al-Kāshī (غیاث الدین جمشید کاشانی) And Bērūnī (بیرونی) has passed and middle east regions face hideous and offensive figures of Iranian/Saudi/ISIS etc. regimes. What happened to these people and why?!

Who Benefits From Environmental Regulation? Evidence From The Clean Air Act Amendments, Antonio Bento, Matthew Freedman, Corey Lang

Matthew Freedman

Cartelizing Taxes: Understanding The Oecd's Campaign Against Harmful Tax Competition, Andrew P. Morriss, Lotta Moberg

Andrew P. Morriss

Formed in 1961 to promote global economic and social well-being, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has become the collective voice of rich countries on international tax issues. After an initial focus on improving commerce through addressing double taxation issues, the organization shifted to a focus on restricting tax competition and increasing automatic exchanges of tax information. In this paper we analyze the reasons for this shift in policy focus. After describing the history of the OECD's work on taxation, we examine the OECD's project against "harmful tax competition" as it has played out since its launch in …

Um Pós-Escrito Do Artigo “Avaliando O Modelo De Governança Das Agências Reguladoras” À Luz Dos Acontecimentos Recentes No Brasil., Lucia Helena Salgado, Eduardo Pedral Fiuza

Lucia Helena Salgado

Procuramos salientar as principais razões pelas quais o tema da qualidade da governança das instituições deve ocupar lugar de destaque nas agendas de políticas públicas. O conceito de governança aqui é o utilizado na literatura de economia da regulação de foco empírico e com viés normativo, que segue a velha tradição da teoria economia de proposição de políticas públicas para a solução de falhas de mercado. “Governança” é uma elipse de expressão mais ampla, significando “normas de governança de boa (ou alta) qualidade”, cujos princípios basilares são transparência, participação social e prestação de contas. a questão de pesquisa, que motiva …

The Intuition Behind Wallace Neutrality, Richard H. Serlin

Richard H. Serlin

Wallace neutrality is a term that, as far as I know, was coined by University of Michigan economist Miles Kimball. It refers to the seminal model of Neil Wallace in "A Modigliani-Miller Theorem for Open-Market Operations", American Economic Review, June 1981. In Wallace's model, open market operations have no effect on any asset prices, including money (no effect on inflation). This is a shocking result, and it cries out for how and why. Intuitively, how and why can this possibly happen? However, like so many modern models, it's extremely difficult to see the intuition behind the wall of math, and …

Public Actors In Private Markets: Toward A Developmental Finance State, Robert Hockett, Saule Omarova

Saule T. Omarova

The recent financial crisis brought into sharp relief fundamental questions about the social function and purpose of the financial system, including its relation to the “real” economy. This Article argues that, to answer these questions, we must recapture a distinctively American view of the proper relations among state, financial market, and development. This programmatic vision – captured in what we call a “developmental finance state” – is based on three key propositions: (1) that economic and social development is not an “end-state” but a continuing national policy priority; (2) that the modalities of finance are the most potent means of …

Identity And Incentives An Economic Interpretation Of The Holocaust, Raul Caruso

Raul Caruso

This paper proposes an interpretation of the Holocaust along the lines of economic theory and public choice. The Holocaust had been the most inhumane and brutal genocide in the twentieth century, and also a gigantic predatory enterprise shaped and engineered by a complex institutional machinery. The paper proposes a general interpretation based on the inclusion of identity-associated elements in the utility functions of Nazis. Under the Nazi regime, the production and strengthening of Nazi identity was a matter of political economy. In addition, interpretations of Aryanization (appropriation of Jewish property) and the running of extermination camps are provided.

مسائل منهجيّة ونظريّة متعلّقة ببحوث الاقتصاد السياسي في شمال إفريقيا وغرب آسيا, J. G. A. Saviranta

Akseli Saviranta

تبحث هذه الوثيقة في بعض المسائل المنهجية التي يمكن أن تعترض باحثي المسائل المتعلّقة بالاقتصاد السياسي في شمال إفريقيا وغرب آسيا. يعرض جزأها الأول تلخيصا لدراسة سابقة للمؤلّف عالجت مسألة الاقتصاد السياسي المتعلّق بالتكامل الاقتصادي، ويعرض جزأها الثاني بعضا من المسائل الآتي ذكرها مسبقا والتي وقع اعتراضها عند القيام بالدراسة.

Religion And Innovation, Roland Bénabou, Davide Ticchi, Andrea Vindigni

Davide Ticchi

In earlier work (Bénabou, Ticchi and Vindigni 2013) we uncovered a robust negative association between religiosity and patents per capita, holding across countries as well as US states, with and without controls. In this paper we turn to the individual level, examining the relationship between religiosity and a broad set of pro- or anti-innovation attitudes in all five waves of the World Values Survey (1980 to 2005). We thus relate eleven indicators of individual openness to innovation, broadly defined (e.g., attitudes toward science and technology, new versus old ideas, change, risk taking, personal agency, imagination and independence in children) to …

Methodological And Theoretical Issues In Researching North African And West Asian Political Economy, J. G. A. Saviranta

Akseli Saviranta

This document addresses a few of the methodological issues encountered in political economy research related to North Africa and West Asia. Its first part presents notes from a previous study by the author that dealt with the issue of the political economy of integration, and its second part relates some of the aforementioned issues that were encountered while making the study.

Forbidden Fruits: The Political Economy Of Science, Religion, And Growth, Roland Bénabou, Davide Ticchi, Andrea Vindigni

Davide Ticchi

We study the coevolution of religion, science and politics. We first uncover, in international and U.S. data, a robust negative relationship between religiosity and patents per capita. The model then combines: (i) scientific discoveries that raise productivity but sometimes erode religious beliefs; (ii) a government that allows innovations to diffuse, or blocks them; (iii) religious institutions that can invest in doctrinal reform. Three long-term outcomes emerge. The “Western-European Secularization” regime has declining religiosity, unimpeded science, and high taxes and transfers. The “Theocratic” regime involves knowledge stagnation, unquestioned dogma, and high religious-public-goods spending. The “American” regime combines scientific progress and stable …

Heterodox Challenges To Consumption-Oriented Models Of Legislation, Luigi Russi, John Haskell

Luigi Russi

Consumption-oriented models of governance dominate the contemporary global legal architecture. The financial crisis beginning in 2008, however, poses fundamental questions about the future viability of these approaches to economics and law. This paper attempts to first, evaluate consumptionÕs salient historical development and themes from the post- World War II era to more recent legislative innovation, and second, introduce seven heterodox vignettes that challenge the hegemony of consumption in legislative policy. The paper concludes with some brief reflections upon potential opportunities and limitations of these heterodox traditions within future scholarship and policy addressing the interplay of law and consumption in global …

Review: Halper, Stefan A. Beijing Consensus: Legitimizing Authoritarianism In Our Time. New York, Ny: Basic Books, [2010] 2012. 336 Pp., Lukas K. Danner

Dr. Lukas K. Danner

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Political And Economic Integration On Labour Mobility In The Arabian Peninsula, J. G. A. Saviranta

Akseli Saviranta

The main question that this work tackles is the extent of the impact that political and economic shifts might have had on the labour market structure and regulations.

Administrative Procedures, Bureaucracy, And Transparency: Why Does The Fcc Vote On Secret Texts?, Scott J. Wallsten

Scott J. Wallsten

The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) does not reveal the text of regulations on which it votes. Instead, after the vote the Commission grants the relevant bureau “editorial privileges” to continue drafting the order. It then releases the final version days, weeks, or even months after the vote. As a result, it is not possible to know if everything in the final rule was actually subject to a vote. In particular, it raises the question of whether the delay between vote and publication is truly for “editorial” changes or if more substantive changes occur after the vote.

In this paper, …

American And British Strategies In The Competition For Energy Resources In Sub-Saharan Africa, Stefan Andreasson

Stefan Andreasson

No abstract provided.

Aca Implementation In The South: The Political Economy Of Full Participation In Kentucky, Glen P. Mays

Glen Mays

This analysis, conducted as part of the ACA Implementation Research Network, examines economic and political forces shaping Kentucky's early experience with implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Varieties Of Resource Nationalism In Sub-Saharan Africa's Energy And Minerals Markets, Stefan Andreasson

Stefan Andreasson

This article examines resource nationalism in sub-Saharan Africa’s energy and minerals markets. It does so by exploring economic and political developments in three cases: Nigeria as an example of a petro-state established by means of expropriation in the wake of decolonisation; South Africa, a mature mining industry shaped by its settler colonial history; and Mozambique, a new and therefore highly-dependent entrant into the league of significant natural gas producers. Extractive industries have played a controversial role in sub-Saharan Africa due in particular to the prevalence of the resource curse. Nevertheless, energy exports will continue to play an important role in …

Inclusión Y Desarrollo, Guillermo Arosemena

Guillermo Arosemena

No abstract provided.

¿Por Qué Solidarios?, Guillermo Arosemena

Guillermo Arosemena

No abstract provided.

Socialismo Y Competitividad, Guillermo Arosemena

Guillermo Arosemena

No abstract provided.

The Political Economy Of Special Economic Zones, Lotta Moberg

Lotta Moberg

Special economic zones (SEZs) are a wide-spread and increasingly popular tool for economic growth. Big or small, secluded or isolated, they are areas where a government allows for different rules to apply than the rest of the country. Most commonly, this means granting fiscal privileges to investors in the zones. Exemptions from taxes, tariffs, and sometimes regulations mean that SEZs form islands of economic liberalization in a country. A common attitude to zones is therefore that while broader liberalization is preferred, SEZs always benefit a country as long as they bring about this marginal improvement. The skeptical view of SEZs …

Origin And Evolution Of The Term "Entrepreneur" In English, Steven Kates

Steven Kates

The words we use depend on the words that exist. There is now an entity for which we use the word “entrepreneur” that has been brought into English from the French. This paper describes both its slow drift into English and then the drift in its meaning in English which even now cannot be entirely pinned down. Previously, the word “undertaker” had been used in English which, apart from its other connotations, is a near equivalent but not identical in its use and meaning. This adoption of the French term provides an interesting example of the way in which words …