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Selected Works

International Trade

Articles 1 - 14 of 14

Full-Text Articles in International Economics

Distance-Varying Assortativity And Clustering Of The International Trade Network, Angela Abbate, Luca De Benedictis, Giorgio Fagiolo, Lucia Tajoli May 2018

Distance-Varying Assortativity And Clustering Of The International Trade Network, Angela Abbate, Luca De Benedictis, Giorgio Fagiolo, Lucia Tajoli

Luca De Benedictis

In this paper we study how the topology of the International Trade Network (ITN) changes in geographical space, and along time. We employ geographical distance between countries in the World to filter the links in the ITN, building a sequence of sub-networks, each one featuring trade links occurring at similar distance. We then test if the assortativity
and clustering of ITN subnetworks changes as distance increases, and we nd that this is indeed the case: distance strongly impacts, in a non-linear way, the topology of the ITN.We show that the ITN is disassortative at long distances while it is assortative …

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Modelling Import Demand Function For A Developing Country: An Empirical Approach, Nusrate Aziz Jun 2013

Modelling Import Demand Function For A Developing Country: An Empirical Approach, Nusrate Aziz

Dr. Nusrate Aziz

The study focuses on the empirical modelling of aggregate import demand function for developing countries. Both traditionally suggested in existing literature as well as some additional but empirically plausible determinants of import demand are examined in the paper. Various cointegration techniques and the error correction mechanism are employed. In addition to the real income and the relative prices of imports, foreign exchange reserves are also found to be a significant determinant of import demand for developing countries. Export demand, which is overlooked by the existing literature, is found to be significant determinant in both the short-run and long-run for developing …

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Import Decisions And Firm Performance - An Empirical Analysis For The Netherlands, Henk Lm Kox Sep 2012

Import Decisions And Firm Performance - An Empirical Analysis For The Netherlands, Henk Lm Kox

Henk LM Kox

This paper investigates the relation between import decisions and productivity performance for Dutch firms. Importer productivity premiums appear to be larger than those for exporting firms. In the perspective of recent trade theory this indicates that trade costs for importers are at least as important as they are for exporting firms. For import starters I find evidence that ex ante productivity-based self selection is important. This also points in the direction of considerable sunk trade costs for firms that engage in direct imports.

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Compliance Costs And Dissimilarity Of Vat Regimes In The Eu, Henk Lm Kox Nov 2011

Compliance Costs And Dissimilarity Of Vat Regimes In The Eu, Henk Lm Kox

Henk LM Kox

This chapter of the VAT evaluation study presents new indicators that (elsewhere in this study) are used to asses the impacts of current heterogeneous VAT systems in the European Union on intra-EU trade in goods and services. These indicators quantify the extent of differences in VAT regimes across the European Union.
• The current VAT system in the European Union leaves considerable operational and administrative freedom to national governments. This means that, despite European co-ordination on the basic structure of the VAT system, the situation is still such that firms operating in the internal market have to deal with a …

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Wto-Doha Multilateral Trade Negotiations And Agriculture, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed Jul 2011

Wto-Doha Multilateral Trade Negotiations And Agriculture, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The Doha Development Round or Doha Development Agenda (DDA) is the current trade-negotiation round of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which launched in November 2001. With the start of this round, non-trade concerns (NTCs) were explicitly renowned and integrated into the negotiation process. Generally, multi-functionality proponents attempt to resist agricultural trade liberalization by giving high support to protect their domestic producers. These are net food importing countries, some small countries with highly protected agricultural sector and large trade deficits in some main outputs and unfavourable agro-climatic conditions. The opponents of the multi-functionality argument all claim to recognize the legitimacy of …

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An Overview Of Economic Patterns Of Partnerships Between Developing And Rich Countries With Special Reference To Usa And Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor Apr 2011

An Overview Of Economic Patterns Of Partnerships Between Developing And Rich Countries With Special Reference To Usa And Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The current paper presents unique approach to economic analysis where the theoretical framework applied here postulates that relationships between rogue countries, such as Korea, Syria, Iran and Sudan necessarily are potential parts for an economically mutual and viably profitable partnership. The paper reviews such relationships, especially between African and European countries like Lume and kotono. I first present a review of existing trade and economic partnerships. Next, I discuss economic relationships between developed and developing countries. It is revealed that in some instances, the predatory nature of those agreements and partnerships are manifested which atrophy the basic potentials of the …

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Economic Crisis And External Trade In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed Sep 2010

Economic Crisis And External Trade In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Nowadays, Sudan suffers severe financial crisis with the eminent demise of 75% of its oil revenues that represented over 90% of its foreign currency after the secession of its Southern part after a constitutional referendum. The compensatory revenues generating economic sectors are not able in the short, medium or runs to function due to the lack/diminished infrastructures. Hard currency exchange rates have soured against the domestic one and inflation sky-rocketed with severe recession grasping the economic cycle in the country which assess logic assumptions of stagflation. Reforming Sudan's foreign trade sector is essential though it will not replace oil revenues …

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Export Margins And Export Barriers: Uncovering Market Entry Costs Of Exporters In The Netherlands, Roger Smeets, Harold Creusen, Arjan Lejour, Henk Kox Feb 2010

Export Margins And Export Barriers: Uncovering Market Entry Costs Of Exporters In The Netherlands, Roger Smeets, Harold Creusen, Arjan Lejour, Henk Kox

Henk LM Kox

Even though the Netherlands was the world’s sixth largest exporter in 2009, the majority of Dutch firms does not engage in international trade at all, possibly because they are unable to cover the costs to enter specific foreign markets. What are these costs that limited the internationalisation of Dutch firms? Using detailed and unique transaction-level data on export patterns of about 1,200 large Dutch firms in the years 2006-2007, this research opens the black box of market entry costs. First, we find that more productive firms are both more likely to engage in exports (extensive margin) and to export larger …

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Exports And Productivity Selection Effects For Dutch Firms, Henk Lm Kox, Hugo Rojas Romogosa Dec 2009

Exports And Productivity Selection Effects For Dutch Firms, Henk Lm Kox, Hugo Rojas Romogosa

Henk LM Kox

The paper tests whether recent theories of international trade with heterogeneous firms can explain the export patterns in Dutch firm- and plant- level data in manufacturing and services. Recent trade models with heterogeneous firms predict that the export decision of firms is affected by sunk entry costs in foreign markets, with only the most productive firms self-selecting into exports. We test a latent variable model of the export decision by probit regressions and standard OLS panel regressions. Our results support the self-selection prediction. The process further appears to be conditioned by scale effects, market structure and multinational affiliation. Regarding alternative …

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What Is Special In Services Internationalisation?, Henk Lm Kox May 2009

What Is Special In Services Internationalisation?, Henk Lm Kox

Henk LM Kox

+ Complex services definition and services trade data + What is special in services internationalisation? + Complementarity versus substitution between supply modes + The puzzle of falling export costs and increasing preference for mode-3 supply + impact of market structure on extensive and intensive export margin + impact of bilateral policy differences on mode choice

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Rogue Counrty And Potential Cooperation: The United States And Sudan And Feasible Economic Partnership, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed Apr 2009

Rogue Counrty And Potential Cooperation: The United States And Sudan And Feasible Economic Partnership, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The United States declared Sudan as a rogue country in 1995 due to many political considerations. It has imposed many economic and political sanctions against it since that time which represented hindrance to development and resulted in economic crises. Oil explorations started long time by Total Oil Company and resumed by Chevron that halted her activities in Sudan after the flaring of the civil war between the Northern and Southern parts of the country. That work was resumed in 1996 by Chinese companies and was crowned by success and commercial production in 1999. Although the economic situations of Sudan improved …

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Domestic Regulation And Trade In Professional Services, Henk Lm Kox, Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås Dec 2006

Domestic Regulation And Trade In Professional Services, Henk Lm Kox, Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås

Henk LM Kox

This paper argues that regulatory measures affect the fixed costs of entering a market as well as the variable costs of servicing that market. The study has explained that market entry barriers limit the number of firms that can break even in a particular market. The higher the entry barrier relative to the size of the market, the smaller the number of firms that can break even after having incurred the entry cost. In the face of such entry costs, trade liberalisation, defined as a reduction in variable trade costs, would under realistic assumptions lead to an increase in trade …

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The Trade-Induced Effects Of The Services Directive And The Country-Of-Origin Principle, Roland De Bruijn, Henk Lm Kox, Arjan Lejour Dec 2005

The Trade-Induced Effects Of The Services Directive And The Country-Of-Origin Principle, Roland De Bruijn, Henk Lm Kox, Arjan Lejour

Henk LM Kox

The proposed Services Directive by the European Commission could increase intra European trade in commercial services by 30 to 60 percent. This paper analyses the welfare effects of the trade growth using an applied general equilibrium model WorldScan. It shows that GDP could be raised by 0.3 to 0.7 percent and consumption by 0.5 to 1.2 percent in the European Union as a whole. These results could only be realised if the Services Directive is implemented including the country of origin principle. If this principle is excluded from the directive, trade increases only by 20 to 40 percent. The trade-induced …

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Liberalisation Of The European Services Market And Its Impact On Switzerland: Assessing The Potential Impacts Of Following The Eu's 2004 Services Directive, Henk Lm Kox, Arjan Lejour Sep 2005

Liberalisation Of The European Services Market And Its Impact On Switzerland: Assessing The Potential Impacts Of Following The Eu's 2004 Services Directive, Henk Lm Kox, Arjan Lejour

Henk LM Kox

This report is prepared on request of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Division Growth and Competition Policy. SECO asked CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis to estimate the quantitative economic implications of a possible decision by the Swiss government to fully adopt the European Commission proposals for a services directive. This report estimates the quantitative economic implications of a possible decision by the Swiss government to fully adopt the European Commission proposals for a services directive. The European Commission's 2004 proposals for a Services Directive consists of measures to reduce or eliminate the obstacles of cross-border …

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