International Economics Commons^™

Endogenous R&D And Intellectual Property Laws In Developed And Emerging Economies, Aniruddha Bagchi, Abhra Roy

Abhra Roy

The incentive of providing protection of intellectual property has been analyzed, both for an emerging economy as well as for a developed economy. The optimal patent length and the optimal patent breadth within a country are found to be positively related to each other for a fixed structure of laws abroad. Moreover, a country can respond to stronger patent protection abroad by weakening its patent protection under certain circumstances and by strengthening its patent protection under other circumstances. These results depend upon the curvature of the R&D production function. Finally, we investigate the impact of an increase in the willingness-to-pay …

Waste Dynamics, Country Heterogeneity And The European Environmental Policy Effectiveness, Massimiliano Mazzanti

Massimiliano Mazzanti

No abstract provided.

The Continuing Saga Of Globalism: Comparing Ethiopia’S Developmental State Strategies To Those Of Malaysia, Asayehgn Desta

Asayehgn Desta

Using the conceptual framework of a developmental state, forwarded by the Economic Commission for Africa, it was found that Ethiopia’s democratic developmental state is unique and operates differently from the Malaysian developmental state model. Economically, Ethiopia has recorded staggering economic growth since it adopted the developmental state. The Malaysian developmental state was developed to be market-oriented and as a result Malaysia’s GDP grew at 5.23 percent from 2005-2011. Malaysia’s incidence of poverty declined from 49% in 1970 to less than 5% in 2000. Ethiopia has focused on a planned developmental state, without speeding the direction of industrialization, and has achieved …

Reserve Currency And A Lender Of Next-To-Last Resort: A Literature Review, Alida S. Skold

Alida S. Skold

The role of the US dollar as the global dominant reserve currency is eroding. Debate is ongoing regarding next steps. Moving the international monetary system to a single global currency is part of the debate. Literature reviews the eroding role of the US dollar and implications the erosion carries for the US. The Special Drawing Rights developed by the IMF could fill the role of Keynes’ recommended global currency known as the “bancor.” Regardless of the nature of the global reserve currency, access to liquidity is required to have an effective international monetary system. Literature defines a missing layer of …

Catching Up Or Pulling Away: Intra-Industry Trade, Productivity Gaps And Heterogeneous Firms, Rod Falvey, David Greenaway, Zhihong Yu

Rodney Falvey

In this paper we develop a heterogeneous firm, intra-industry trade model in which countries are asymmetric in both technology and size. In the trading equilibrium, the industry productivity levels countries are jointly determined by the technology gap and trade barriers. We find that the (exogenous) technological gap is a key determinant of the size and direction of the intra-industry resource reallocation introduced by trade. Most importantly, the effect of trade on the (endogenous) productivity gap could be non monotonic over time. In the short-run, where the number of incumbents cannot adjust to trade, the effect of import competition dominates and …

Paths To Success: Benchmarking Cross-Country Sustainable Tourism, Lucian Cernat, Julien Gourdon

Julien Gourdon

Given the complexity of the issues surrounding the concept of sustainable tourism, the current paper tries to provide a unified methodology to assess tourism sustainability, based on a number of quantitative indicators. The proposed methodological framework (Sustainable Tourism Benchmarking Tool – STBT) will provide a number of benchmarks against which the sustainability of tourism activities in various countries can be assessed. A model development procedure is proposed: identification of the dimensions (economic, socio-ecologic, infrastructure) and indicators, method of scaling, chart representation and evaluation on three Asian countries. This application to three countries shows us that a similar level of tourism …

India China Services Trade: Promise Or Predicament?, Suparna Karmakar, Nipika Walia Sharma

Suparna Karmakar

India-China bilateral trade has witnessed a huge spurt over the years, and China is now one of India’s largest trading partners. Amid growing trade relations between the two nations, however, increasing trade deficit with China has become a major concern for India. In order to reverse this trend, Indian government is looking at possible solutions, one of which is exploring the bilateral trade prospects in tradable services, a sector in which the country has demonstrated competitive advantage. This paper explores the prospects and challenges for India in garnering a higher market access into the large and nascent domestic services market …

Import Decisions And Firm Performance - An Empirical Analysis For The Netherlands, Henk Lm Kox

Henk LM Kox

This paper investigates the relation between import decisions and productivity performance for Dutch firms. Importer productivity premiums appear to be larger than those for exporting firms. In the perspective of recent trade theory this indicates that trade costs for importers are at least as important as they are for exporting firms. For import starters I find evidence that ex ante productivity-based self selection is important. This also points in the direction of considerable sunk trade costs for firms that engage in direct imports.

Unleashing Competition In Eu Business Services, Henk Lm Kox

Henk LM Kox

Ma Thesis - Migration And Development: The Development Impacts Of Short-Term Labour Migration Of Ni-Vanuatu Workers To New Zealand, Ronald R. Kumar

Dr Ronald R Kumar

The New Zealand’s Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme is a New Zealand Government initiative that officially commenced in 2007. In this programme, five developing Pacific Island countries (PICs), namely Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu – referred to as the kick start countries, participated in short-term labour migration. The objectives of this Scheme are at least two fold. Firstly, the scheme was initiated to address seasonal labour shortage in New Zealand and second, to give employment opportunity to selected PICs. Since 2007, the RSE Scheme has undergone significant changes primarily addressing issues and concerns that emerged along the way. …

Does Small And Medium Enterprises’ (Smes) Understand The Concept Of Intellectual Property Rights (Ip) On Their Business?:, Johansein L. Rutaihwa Mr.

Johansein Rutaihwa

No abstract provided.

Cartels In An "Nth-Best" World: The Wholesale Foodstuff Trade In Ibadan, Nigeria, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Margaret E. Luttrell

Harlan M. Smith

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the economic functions and associated welfare implications of the cooperative associations that dominate the wholesale trade in two staple foods. Questionnaire responses lead to several conclusions. Individual traders face incomplete markets, imperfect information, and little government-provided institutional and physical infrastructure. The associations are sophisticated "Coase-like" responses to this market environment: they focus on reducing their members' transaction costs, and hence the marginal private costs of trading. Thus it is likely that these associations enhance efficiency. We conclude with a critique of current government policy with respect to this trade.

A Strategy For Rural Financial Market Reform: Applying The Financial Systems Approach In Ghana, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Abor Yeboah

Harlan M. Smith

We construct, using methods advocated in one strand of the Financial Systems Approach literature, a reform-and-renewal program for one of Ghana’s struggling Rural Banks--the Kaaseman Rural Bank. Questionnaire results, local informal financial practices, recent institutional innovations in Ghanaian finance, the experiences of successful “Nontraditional” rural finance institutions in developing countries, and the operating structure of the Rural Bank program indicate that this bank can implement a group-lending scheme that will reduce significantly its transaction costs and those of its customers. We thus demonstrate how the Financial Systems Approach can be employed to promote sustainable rural financial intermediation in a specific …

Dynamic Market Selection In Eu Business Services, Henk Lm Kox, George Van Leeuwen

Henk LM Kox

Ser O No Ser! El Dilema De Paraguay En El Mercosur, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

E junio de 2012 el Parlamento paraguayo obtuvo la mayoría para destituir al Presidente Fernando Lugo. En reacción a esta decisión, los Presidentes de Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay, reunidos en la ciudad de Mendoza (Argentina) el 29 de junio del corriente, acordaron suspender al país su derecho de participar en los órganos del MERCOSUR. Esta decisión produjo una indignación generalizada por parte de la sociedad paraguaya. La misma promovió a un nivel, casi dogmático, la discusión sobre la conveniencia de seguir perteneciendo al bloque. En las redes sociales se crearon sitios como las de “Paraguay es Soberano” y “Paraguay Soberano”, …

Human Capital Formation And Economic Development In Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Mahboob Ul Hassan, Muhammad Shahid

Muhammad Irfan Chani

This study investigates the casual relationship between economic development and formation of human capital in Pakistan. Based on endogenous growth theory, this study empirically tests the standard growth model consisting of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a dependent variable and human capital formation, investment in physical capital and labor force as independent variables. Autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration is used to check the long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables included in the model. For checking the causal relationship between economic development and human capital formation, pair-wise Granger causality test is used for time series …

Some Socio Economic Determinants Of Fertility In Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Muhammad Shahid, Mahboob Ul Hassan

Muhammad Irfan Chani

This study aims to investigate the role that various socioeconomic factors like female education, urbanization and female labour force participation play in determining fertility of women in Pakistan. ARDL bound test approach to cointegration is used to analyze the long-run relationship of the variables by using the data for the period from 1980 to 2009. The empirical results show that there exists a long-run as well as short-run relationship between fertility and urbanization, female labour force participation and female education in Pakistan. The analysis indicates there is a negative relationship between all 3 determinants with fertility. Female education and urbanization …

Export Decisions Of Services Firms Between Agglomeration Effects And Market-Entry Costs, Henk Lm Kox

Henk LM Kox

Faulty Structure And Uninspired Member States Fail The Euro: Lessons Learned From The Greek Crisis, Maximilian Bevan

Maximilian Bevan

The conception of the euro was a moment that revolutionized the role of a monetary union. States no longer dealt internally with their monetary policies nor made their decisions autonomously from other nations. The euro countries in 1999 became dependent on one another’s success of policymaking and proper governance. There were skeptics of this single currency theory but if it was executed properly, the Eurozone becomes one of the most important economic regions in the world. From 2002, when the euro coins were issued, up until eight months ago, the euro accomplished a level of significance rivaling the dollar and …

Challenges Of The Cooperative Movement In Addressing Issues Of Human Security In The Context Of A Neoliberal World: The Case Of Argentina, Stefan Ivanovski

Stefan Ivanovski

The response of some Argentine workers to the 2001 crisis of neoliberalism gave rise to a movement of worker-recovered enterprises (empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores or ERTs). The ERTs have emerged as former employees took over the control of generally fraudulently bankrupt factories and enterprises. The analysis of the ERT movement within the neoliberal global capitalist order will draw from William Robinson’s (2004) neo-Gramscian concept of hegemony. The theoretical framework of neo-Gramscian hegemony will be used in exposing the contradictions of capitalism on the global, national, organizational and individual scales and the effects they have on the ERT movement. The …

Malnutrition, Child Health, And Water Quality: Is There A Role For Private Sector Participation In South Asia?, Katrina Kosec

Katrina Kosec

El Dilema De Tarzán, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Las trabas comerciales y de libre circulación que Paraguay y Uruguay sufren permanentemente en el Mercosur, especialmente las de Argentina, motivan voces de protestas en ambos países, haciendo que la población cuestione el beneficio de seguir perteneciendo al bloque. Al mismo tiempo, ambas economías mantienen una elevada dependencia de sus socios del Mercosur. En estas condiciones, tanto Paraguay como Uruguay sufren lo que se conoce como “El dilema de Tarzán”: “no pueden soltarse de la liana actual, porque no tienen otra a la vista”.

Regional Integration And Natural Resources: Who Benefits? Evidence From Mena, Céline Carrère, Julien Gourdon, Marcelo Olarreaga

Julien Gourdon

This paper is built on Venables (2011) theoretical predictions which show that gains from regional integration are unevenly distributed between resource rich and poor countries. We explore the effects of different integration schemes in Middle East and North Africa. Results suggest that within Pan Arab Free Trade Agreement (PAFTA), there is significant trade creation for resource poor countries associated with regional integration, and no evidence of trade diversion. In resource rich countries, however, there is evidence of pure trade diversion in both resource-rich/labor-abundant countries and resource-rich/labor-importing countries. This underscores the idea that regional integration can help to spread benefits of …

Exploring Sectoral Elasticity Vis-À-Vis Per Worker Income With A Focus To Agriculture: A Study Of Sub-Saharan Africa, Ronald R. Kumar, Radika Kumar

Dr Ronald R Kumar

No abstract provided.

Globalization And Identity Formation: A Postcolonial Analysis Of The International Entrepreneur, Banu Ozkazanc-Pan

Banu Ozkazanc-Pan

In the United States, the past twenty years has witnessed a growing academic interest in understanding 'globalization,' i.e., a series of interconnected social, cultural, and political processes occurring under integrated economies. Management scholars have tried to understand globalization in terms of its potential consequences for companies conducting business in various countries and regions. However, globalization involves more than this, for as new relationships between people and places occur, new ideas about who they/ us are in those relationships also emerge. How can international management scholars thus understand these complex relationships occurring under globalization? How can they theorize and study such …

Globalization And Innovation In Advanced Economies, Claudio Fassio, Cristiano Antonelli

Claudio Fassio

This chapter analyzes the effects that the international integration of product markets induced by globalization exerts on the direction of technological change at the industry level.

The Economics Of The Light Economy.Globalization, Skill-Biased Technological Change And Slow Growth, Claudio Fassio, Cristiano Antonelli

Claudio Fassio

The paper provides an interpretative framework and structured empirical evidence of the processes leading to the emergence of a light and slow growth economy in advanced countries. The interpretative framework rests upon the grafting of a) the Schumpeterian hypothesis about the determinants of the rate of technological change with b) the Kuznets approach on the strict complementarity of structural and technological change, and c) the new approach about the direction of technological change biased towards the most intensive use of locally abundant production factors, into d) the dynamic version of the Heckesher-Ohlin analysis of international economics that accounts the introduction …

Bank Credit And Economic Growth: A Dynamic Panel Analysis, Nuno Carlos Leitão

Nuno Carlos Leitão

This study examines the link between bank lending and economic growth for European Union (EU-27) for the period 1990 to 2010. We apply a dynamic panel data (GMM-system estimator). This estimator permits to solve the problems of serial correlation, heteroskedasticity and endogeneity for some explanatory variables. As the results show, savings promotes growth. The inflation and bank credit have a negative impact on economic growth as previous studies.

Cartelizing Taxes: Understanding The Oecd’S Campaign Against “Harmful Tax Competition”, Lotta Moberg, Andrew P. Morriss

Lotta Moberg

Formed in 1961 to promote global economic and social well-being, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has become the collective voice of rich countries on international tax issues. After an initial focus on improving commerce through addressing double taxation issues, the organization shifted to a focus on restricting tax competition and increasing automatic exchanges of tax information. In this paper we analyze the reasons for this shift in policy focus. After describing the history of the OECD’s work on taxation, we examine the OECD’s project against “harmful tax competition” as it has played out since its launch in …

“El Desarrollo Municipal En Tamaulipas Y Su Relación Con La Competitividad, 1990-2010”, Ramiro Esqueda-Walle

Ramiro Esqueda-Walle

*Se proporciona texto completo mediante solicitud.resquedaw@uat.edu.mx
*Full text upon request.resquedaw@uat.edu.mx