Industrial Organization Commons^™

The Economic Benefits And Costs Of State And Local Incentives For Clean Energy Projects, Timothy J. Bartik, Gerrit Anderson, Brian J. Asquith, Kathleen Bolter, Kyle Huisman, Iryna V. Lendel, Jeremy Morris, Sevrin Williams

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

This report evaluates the benefits and costs of investment incentives for 50 large clean energy supply chain manufacturing and infrastructure projects. The findings suggest that these incentives generate modest but typically positive economic returns, with a median benefit-cost ratio of 1.47, meaning benefits exceed costs by 47 percent for the typical project. Returns vary significantly across projects—approximately 70 percent of projects produced net positive benefits over a 20-year period, while 30 percent failed to recover incentive costs. Project performance depends heavily on incentive design and local conditions. Excessively large cash incentives reduce returns, while customized services, strong job multipliers, investment …

Solid Waste Management In Greater Khartoum City, Sudan, Roba Mahmoud

Student Theses 2015-Present

This study investigates the rising solid waste management (SWM) dilemma in Greater Khartoum City (GKC), a critical environmental and public health issue caused by fast urbanization and inadequate infrastructure, with historical linkages to Sudan's colonial and postcolonial growth. Chapter 1 describes the current problem using quantitative and qualitative data, demonstrating that GKC produces approximately 3,340 tons of waste each day, with 56% organic matter, 8% plastics, and 16% paper. Collection efficiency remains severely poor, at 31.5%. Informal recyclers known as Nakasha or Barkata collect approximately 7% of total waste, supporting roughly 3,900 people, whereas filthy open dumps and unsorted medical …

Investigating The Relationship Between Noun Classes And Plant Folk Taxonomy In Chasu Language Of Kilimanjaro Region In Tanzania, Peter Rabson Mziray

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The current study investigates the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu (G 22). The study focuses on two objectives: the first objective is to describe the plant folk taxonomy in Chasu and the second objective is to determine the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu. Data were collected from rural villages in Same and Mwanga districts by using free listing, field interviews (jungle-walk-and-identify), and written texts containing Chasu plant names. The findings reveal that Chasu folk taxonomy reflects different ethnobotanical categories; including a unique beginner which is mmea/mimea ‘plant(s)’, and three life …

Leaving California: The Price Impact Of Announcing A Headquarters Relocation, Marilyn Giselle Hazlett

Behavioral and Computational Economics (MS) Theses

Over the past decade, people and companies have left California for myriad reasons. This paper examines the effect of announcing a headquarters relocation on a firm's stock price. Using traditional event study methodology, I analyze over 400 move announcements from 2004-2024 to find a positive abnormal return in the short run when firms announce that they are moving their headquarters. There is a pronounced impact on stock prices for firms leaving California and moving to Texas.

Research And Reflection On Transformation Of Resource-Based Cities In China—A Case Study Of Datong City, Shanxi Province, Zhijian Xiong, Hong Zhao, Xiuli Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Currently, there are 262 resource-based cities in China, of which mature and declining cities account for 79.39%. These cities have made significant contributions to the country’s economic and social development, but now they are facing severe challenges and difficulties, and their transformation problems urgently need to be solved. This work studies the mechanism of resource-based transformation and proposes strategies for the transformation of resource-based cities: (1) Transformation should be comprehensive, balanced, and sustainable; (2) Transformation should fully leverage the leading role of the market while also taking into account the fundamental role of the government; (3) Transformation should fully leverage …

Striking A Balance: Market Shock & Responses In Automotive Components Manufacturing, Emma Lane Mcgahey

All Theses

This thesis examines the effects of extreme market shocks on supply chain dynamics within the automotive industry. Through an analysis of demand data from an automotive manufacturer to its component suppliers (January 2018 to May 2024), the study investigates the relationship between market shocks and supply chain responses, providing insights into how auto components inventory management handles downstream responses to market shocks. With supporting public data—from FRED, BLS, and the U.S. Census Bureau resources—we explore two primary relationships: the impact of market shocks on the Average Standard Deviation of Demand (SDO) and the effect of demand variability on expedited pricing …

Building Modern City And Urban Science, Guangtao Wang, Fen Li, Xiang Liu, Yufei Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China is in a new stage of development of Chinese-style modernization, and the construction of modern cities plays a leading role in the process of modernization. Urban science is an important direction that urban researchers has been exploring, and the construction of modern cities needs the guidance of China’s urban science theory. On the basis of summarizing the basic characteristics of urban science, this study draws on the frontier progress of urban science both domestically and internationally, this study proposes definitions of China’s urban science, and constructs a theoretical framework with four dimensions, namely, ideological guidance, theoretical evidence-based approach, practical …

Research On Spatial Collaborative Allocation Of Innovation Chain And Industrial Chain And Regional Economic Layout In China, Jianhui Yu, Wenzhong Zhang, Jiaming Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The driving force of China’s economic development in the new era is gradually shifting from traditional production factor inputs and export-led growth to scientific and technological innovation-driven development, and technological innovation is increasingly becoming the main engine of China’s economic development. China needs to urgently address difficult issues such as the disconnect between science and technology and the economy, as well as prominent problems such as repeated resource allocation and scattered scientific research forces. Under the complex and volatile development environment, it is necessary to further optimize the spatial collaborative allocation of innovation chains and industrial chains and promote the …

Implementation Evaluation And Outlook Of Major Function Oriented Zone, Dong Chen, Baoyin Liu, Jie Fan, Daojing Zhou, Rui Guo, Zhao Wang, Jianxiong Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Major Function Oriented Zone (MFOZ), an attempt and exploration aimed at ecological civilization during China’s industrial civilization period which is divided into two stages, the stage of MFOZ planning and the stage of the national strategy and basic institution before and after the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress, and the main characteristics of both stages are analyzed. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the strategic thinking of the MFOZ has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the strategic pattern of the MFOZ has been basically formed, the development of the categorized MFOZ has achieved …

Establishing Networked Territorial Spatial Pattern To Serve New Development Pattern, Jiaming Li, Jiaoe Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

A networked territorial spatial pattern, centered around major strategic corridors, plays a crucial role in supporting the construction of the new dual-circulation development pattern. The “Two Horizontals and Three Verticals” major strategic corridors that have been formed can effectively promote the concentration of socio-economic factors in major urban agglomerations. However, there exists a mismatch between the north-south vertical strategic corridors and the east-west socio-economic linkages and transportation corridors. Besides, the existing strategic corridors lack sufficient horizontal support for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, and the land and sea corridors exhibit weak horizontal driving effect and insufficient connection with external corridors. “Three …

Layout Of Comprehensive Functional Regions And Recent Regional Guidelines In China, Fengjun Jin, Zhuo Chen, Jie Fan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The overall strategy of the “four major sectors”, the regional major strategies and the major functional oriented zoning strategy have strongly supported the regional coordinated development in China. However, it also brings the risk of exacerbating the imbalance and incoordination of regional development due to strategic differences and segmentation. Based on an analysis of the trends in regional coordinated development in China, this study puts forward the layout of China’s comprehensive function regions, which divides the mainland of China into 10 regions: the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, the middle reaches of Yangtze River basin, the upper reaches …

Suggestions For Layout Adjustment Of China's Agricultural Regions During Fifteenth Five-Year Plan Period, Yong Xu, Hua Yang, Jian Duan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Adjusting and optimizing the strategic paradigm of China’s agricultural regions in the new era is of great significance to the implementation of the “Greater Food” concept and the building of a strong agriculture. This study takes the layout adjustment of China’s agricultural regions during the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan period as its theme, and firstly summarizes the problems that exist in the main agricultural production regions and the layout changes in grain production bases. Then, in conjunction with the new requirements of the national strategies, the functional types of agricultural regions are refined, the different function positions are clarified, the adjusting …

Strategic Priorities Of China's Urbanized Areas During 15th Five-Year Plan Period, Wei Qi, Jie Fan, Jiaming Li, Yu Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Urbanized areas are areas whose main function is to provide industrial and service products. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the urbanization rate of China’s population will exceed 70 percent, thus entering a long-time stage of high urbanization levels. The strategic positioning of urbanized areas will be defined as county-level administrative districts with a high concentration of scientific and technological innovation resources, new quality productivity, and new-type industrialization. In terms of strategic layout, the scope of urbanized areas will be optimized to promote the concentration of population and economy in urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas, and central cities, and to strengthen …

Strategic Pattern And Optimization Of China's Eco-Regions During Fifteenth Five-Year Plan Period, Kan Zhou, Jie Fan, Daojing Zhou, Zhedong Qian, Hu Yu, Hanchu Liu, Jian Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the implementation of the major function oriented zoning, the ecological space of key ecological functional areas has continuously expanded, with a significant increase in vegetation coverage. Concurrently, there has been a dual change in population dynamics, characterized by a decrease in total population and an increase in the urban population. Furthermore, significant achievements have been made in economic and social development, and there has been a steady improvement in the functions of ecological security barriers, contributing to an alleviation of tension in human-environment relationships. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is imperative to adhere to the functional orientation …

Improve Policy System Of Main Functional Zones In National Spatial Planning, Fan Qi, Siqi Qiu, Chengshuangping Zhao, Jianglong Chen, Siyu Shao, Bangrui Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study analyzes in detail the effectiveness and existing problems of the current policy implementation of the main functional zone in the “multi planning and integration” national land spatial planning system, and proposes an overall idea of systematizing, differentiating, coordinating, and incentivizing the policy system of the main functional zone in the new era of national land spatial governance. From the perspectives of strengthening the top-level design of policy systems, classifying and improving policy tools for the main functional zone, strengthening comprehensive policy coordination, and improving policy implementation evaluation mechanisms, the policy recommendations are proposed for improving and implementing the …

Research On Cohesion Strategy Of Land-Sea Functional Oriented Zoning Based On Perspective Of Land-Sea Coordination, Chengjin Wang, Zhaoyang He

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The marine-terrestrial interlaced zone serves as a crucial spatial hub linking the functional zoning of both land and sea areas. Optimizing the ecological function, economic function, and national security function of the marine-terrestrial interlaced zone is of significant importance for promoting the coordination between land and sea functional oriented zoning and achieving their mutual beneficial interaction. It also contributes to enhancing the economic, social, and environmental benefits, effectively allocating resources, and advancing social sustainability. Building upon the clarification of the current development status and characteristics of China’s marine-terrestrial interlaced zone, the research systematically examines the key issues existing in the …

Build Regional Strategic Emerging Industry Selection System For Major Scientific And Technological Infrastructure: Structural Framework And Practical Consideration, Lingling Zhang, Congli Huang, Feite Zhou, Xiang Xu, Long Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Under the circumstances of a new wave of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, it has become imperative for the government’s industrial planning to effectively integrate regional resources with scientific and technological innovation capabilities, identify suitable regional strategic emerging industries, and establish clear directions for industrial development. Drawing on various classical theories of industrial selection from the perspectives of industrial economics and management, this research comprehensively considers six dimensions: technical support capacity of facilities, potential for industrial upgrading, regional resource endowment, social demands, government, and opportunities. Based on the Porter Diamond Model, a robust system is developed to select …

Comparison Of Open Sharing Modes Of Foreign Large-Scale Scientific Facilities And Implications For China, Dacheng Song, Shuai Xiao, Tianming Li, Ke Wen, Dingyi You, Chen Zhang, Qiang Wei, Runtong Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The open sharing of large-scale scientific facilities plays a pivotal role in the ecosystem of open science. This is of great significance for promoting the development of science and technology, enhancing innovation cooperation, and boosting the overall competitive strength of nations. Starting from two dimensions of resource scarcity and sustainability, this study systematically sorts out four open sharing modes of large-scale scientific facilities: the public and inclusive sharing mode, the market response sharing mode, the intensive guarantee sharing mode, and the Strategic Cooperation Sharing Mode. Through the comparison analysis of four foreign large-scale scientific facilities, the study further elaborates the …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Attenuation Of Agglomeration Economies: Evidence From The Universe Of Chinese Manufacturing Firms, Li Jing, Liyao Li, Shimeng Liu

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper quantifies industry-specific spatial attenuation of agglomeration economies by taking advantage of unique geocoded administrative data on the universe of Chinese manufacturing firms. The estimates of industry-level attenuation speed further allow us to systematically assess the goodness of fit of various spatial decay functional forms and to evaluate the micro-foundations that govern the decay patterns across industries. We obtain three main findings. First, agglomeration spillovers attenuate by about 90 percent on average from 0-1 km to 1-5 km in China, with large heterogeneity in the extent of attenuation ranging from 73 percent to 116 percent across industries. Second, the …

Strengthening The Southern Nevada Workforce Pipeline, Katie M. Gilbertson

Student Research

Workforce development has been a keystone in the discussion of economic diversification of Las Vegas for decades. The leisure and hospitality industry is the lifeline for the Southern Nevada economy due to the reliance on tourism as the city’s main economic driver. The leisure and hospitality industry requires physical labor and more face-to-face customer interaction than other employment sectors. Thus, these jobs often do not require high educational attainment, but rather sharp soft skills like effective listening, nonverbal communication, and negotiation strategies. While these are valuable traits, the lack of educational attainment within the leisure and hospitality workforce suppresses employees’ …

The U.S. Coal Industry: Market Structure & Implications, Sara Elizabeth Guffey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The U.S. coal mining industry was once a booming industry which created and defined communities, particularly in Appalachia. The industry has, however, transformed significantly in the last couple of decades with the passage of environmental policies, with competition from the Shale Revolution, from changes in company ownership, and from mine safety regulation. Overall, the coal industry during this time has experienced a massive decline in production and employment. This dissertation is composed of three papers that investigate these mechanisms and their role in understanding market structure, coal transactions and prices, and mine safety outcomes. Motivated by the shutdowns of U.S. …

Hemp Production Network Effects: Are Producers Tipped Toward Suboptimal Varietal Selection By Their Neighbors?, Tanner Mccarty, Jeffrey Young

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

The 2018 farm bill removed industrial hemp from the Schedule 1 Controlled Substance List. In response, states scrambled to enact hemp legislation. Some hemp flower producers report their hemp fields were cross- pollinated by a neighbor growing a different hemp cultivar. For hemp flower crops, cross- pollination reduces cannabinoid concentration levels within the flower; these concentration levels dictate flower price. We show that in a repeated game, once a sufficiently large percentage of growers decide to plant hemp fiber/seed crops, cross-pollination forces flower growers to convert to fiber/seed to avoid the negative network externality. Over time, a stable, suboptimal Nash …

Income Inequality And Workplace Mobility During The Covid-19 Pandemic, John Washburn

Honors Theses and Capstones

With the pandemic being a once in a lifetime event (hopefully), there are many areas of research with purpose that were impossible to research beforehand. This paper looks at how income inequality created a separation between the rich and the poor regarding work and residential movement during the pandemic in the United States. By taking work and residential movement data from the Google Mobility report, which measures movement during the pandemic as a percent change benchmarked against pre pandemic movement and correlating it to the logarithm of Gross domestic product per capita, the effects of income can be seen. By …

The Effects Of Racial Capitalism On Poor White Laborers, Amy Whittaker

Liberal Studies (MA) Final Essays

While always remembering that racial capitalism’s very nature ensures that non-white Americans suffer incomparable racial oppression, this paper will endeavor to expose the devastation caused to American society as a whole by explaining the ways in which racial capitalism destroyed poor white labors ability to participate fully in the economic system and strangled its chances of living the American dream. It is my hope that by discussing the missing piece of the poor white laborers’ experience under racial capitalism will unite poor white laborers and poor black laborers to work together to end racial capitalism, policing, and the carceral system. …

The Chow Test With Time Series-Cross Section Data, James K. Binkley, Jeffrey Young

Faculty & Staff Research and Creative Activity

The Chow test is a standard method to test for differences in regression response across groups. In some cases, the groups being tested are composed of a time series of cross sections. If the individual units within the groups have systematic differences, the Chow test is compromised: individual and group effects become confounded. This can cause rejections in the absence of the group effect of interest. We illustrate the problem with Monte Carlo analyses, and propose an alternative bootstrap-like testing procedure that helps eliminate excessive Type I errors.

Agglomeration Economies: How “Y’Allywood” Became The New Hollywood, Joseph Dugan Walker

Honors Theses

Agglomeration economies have gained special attention in recent decades. With the increasing connectivity of our world, specialized regional economies are stronger now than ever before. A specific agglomeration economy that has developed in recent years is the Georgia Film Industry. This region surpassed Hollywood as the premier filming location for the first time since the early 1900s when New York was number one. This thesis analyzes the reasons why Georgia was so successful in attracting the film industry and encouraging its development by comparing infrastructure, film tax incentives, population, and labor development to that of competing states like New York, …

Common Power Laws For Cities And Spatial Fractal Structures, Tomoya Mori, Tony E. Smith, Wen-Tai Hsu

Research Collection School Of Economics

City-size distributions are known to be well approximated by power laws across a wide range of countries. But such distributions are also meaningful at other spatial scales, such as within certain regions of a country. Using data from China, France, Germany, India, Japan, and the United States, we first document that large cities are significantly more spaced out than would be expected by chance alone. We next construct spatial hierarchies for countries by first partitioning geographic space using a given number of their largest cities as cell centers and then continuing this partitioning procedure within each cell recursively. We find …

Oregon Manufacturing Extension Partnership: Economic Impact Analysis -- January 2020 Update, Emma Willingham, Hoang The Nguyen, Katelyn Kelley, Northwest Economic Research Center

Northwest Economic Research Center Publications and Reports

The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), founded in 1988, is a network of non-profit agencies staffed by industry professionals and consultants. Historically, MEP has sought to increase the competitiveness of small to mid-size enterprises (which as a group comprise 99% of all U.S. manufacturing firms) by providing expert guidance and access to resources. In recent years, the severe economic recession sparked increased interest in the strength of the manufacturing sector, due to its longtime status as one of the major drivers of the domestic economy. Oregon Manufacturing Extension Partnership (OMEP), the Oregon branch of MEP, works to provide data-driven analysis …

Introduction To The Special Issue On The Blue Economy Of Bangladesh, Pawan G. Patil, Pierre Failler, Khurshed Alam

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

Introduction to the Special Edition on the Blue Economy of Bangladesh by the Editors of the Special Edition.