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Full-Text Articles in Industrial Organization
Market Structure And The Cost Of Compliance With Environmental Regulation, Stuart Mcdonald
Market Structure And The Cost Of Compliance With Environmental Regulation, Stuart Mcdonald
Stuart McDonald
This paper analyses the expected level of non-compliance with environmental standards within in an oligopolistic industry. The paper departs from the previous literature on environmental compliance by allowing for the possibility of product differentiation. In doing this, the paper provides results quantifying the important role that strategic complements and substitutes have in determining both the relative degree of non-compliance and level of fines required to achieve both partial and universal compliance with environmental standards. The paper shows that under Bertrand competition it is relatively more difficult to achieve compliance with environmental standards than under Cournot competition, requiring larger fines to …
Optimal Environmental Taxation With Pre-Commitment And Green R&D, Stuart Mcdonald
Optimal Environmental Taxation With Pre-Commitment And Green R&D, Stuart Mcdonald
Stuart McDonald
Two approaches for modelling investment in R\&D have been developed by d'Aspremont and Jacquemin (AJ, 1988) and Kamien, Muller and Zang (KMZ, 1992), when there are spillovers associated with R\&D effort. This paper examines how these two approaches predict investment in green technology, when environmental policy takes the form of an optimal emission tax. The results show that the two models are equivalent when there are no R\&D spillovers; but when R\&D spillovers are present, significant differences in their predictions are observed. Specifically, the KMZ model predicts higher emission tax rates, higher level of R\&D expenditures and higher levels of …
The Emergence Of A Small World In A Network Of Research Joint Ventures, Stuart Mcdonald
The Emergence Of A Small World In A Network Of Research Joint Ventures, Stuart Mcdonald
Stuart McDonald
Using a data set spanning the period 1899-2000, we construct a network of RJVs and track the pattern of growth of this network over time. The resulting R&D network is emergent in the sense that RJVs are contained within it, connected to other RJVs by the existence of firms sharing membership with multiple RJVs. This paper shows that the largest growth in the R&D networks occurred during the last three decades of the Twentieth Century. During this growth period, the R&D network has a pattern of collaboration that can be characterised as having the “small world” property. This has implications …