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Articles 211 - 240 of 266
Full-Text Articles in Speech and Rhetorical Studies
Critiquing Debate, James P. Dimock
Critiquing Debate, James P. Dimock
Speaker & Gavel
Debaters enjoy debating more than debate itself. The closer one gets to be-coming ―"an old debater" (a category to which I will inevitably have to resign myself sooner or later), the more likely we are to find ourselves debating on the side of ―"the way debate used to be" or ―"the way debate is supposed to be." I don‘t malign this seemly inevitable progression or even my place in it. I think the tendency to re-examine ourselves says something about our activity. I enter this debate about debate, I think I should begin by defining my side of the flow, …
The Terrible Secret Of Extemporaneous Speaking, Elizabeth Wehler
The Terrible Secret Of Extemporaneous Speaking, Elizabeth Wehler
Speaker & Gavel
I‘m not proud of it, but I have cheated in extemporaneous speaking. It was in the second round at the State Tournament my freshman year. We didn't have any files on the questions so I answered one about our state‘s recent casino legislation. There had been a large debate in my hometown over this issue so I knew something about the arguments. I made up all of my citations. I falsely cited regional papers, and even asked a teammate for the name of his local pa-per. I knew that if I didn't cite any sources, I would immediately get tanked …
Creating Sites For Reasonable Discourse Stasis In Public Deliberation, Aaron Dimock
Creating Sites For Reasonable Discourse Stasis In Public Deliberation, Aaron Dimock
Speaker & Gavel
This paper presents an analysis of stasis as a means for creating common ground between conflicting parties and a guide to judgment in public deliberation. Craig‘s (1989) approach to communication as a ―practical discipline‖ provides the theoretical justification for research that examines the practical communication problems society faces. This paper examines public discourse in the form of arguments before local deliberative bodies, where people are attempting to influence the judgment of the board and the public. Using the methods of a rhetorically informed discourse analysis (see Tracy, 2001 & 2002), this paper examines the formulation, presentation, and reaction to arguments …
Rejecting The Square Peg In A Round Hole: Expanding Arguments In Oral Interpretation Introductions, Crystal Lane Swift
Rejecting The Square Peg In A Round Hole: Expanding Arguments In Oral Interpretation Introductions, Crystal Lane Swift
Speaker & Gavel
This paper aims to advance the level of argument made in the introductions of competitive forensic oral interpretation of literature events. It is argued that the status quo of arguments in oral interp introductions is overall sub-par, and perhaps limited. Connections are made between the goals of the oral interpretation introduction and current work in the scholarship of historicity. Akin to conclusions performance scholars have made, it is not the truth or falsity of literature or history which is of primary concern, but rather the (potential) generative nature of literature. Just as Pollock calls performance scholars to make history go …
Universalism In Policy Debate: Utilitarianism, Stock Issues, And The Rhetorical Audience, William D. Harpine
Universalism In Policy Debate: Utilitarianism, Stock Issues, And The Rhetorical Audience, William D. Harpine
Speaker & Gavel
The purpose of this essay is to look beyond the current formulations of stock issues. The idea is to make use of the insights from previous theories and accounts of stock issues to create a theory of analysis that is better grounded and that therefore offers a more reasonable way to conduct argumentative analysis. The essay shows how utilitarian theory parallels the concept behind stock issues analysis, proposes the importance of ethics for argumentative analysis, differentiates approaches to utilitarianism, and concludes by examining the implications of utilitarianism for argumentation.
Complete Volume (47)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized volume (volume 47) of Speaker & Gavel.
The Peoria Recommendations: Suggestions On Promotion, Tenure And Evaluation For Forensics Professionals, Michael Dreher
The Peoria Recommendations: Suggestions On Promotion, Tenure And Evaluation For Forensics Professionals, Michael Dreher
Speaker & Gavel
The AFA Policy Debate Caucus gathered in 1993 at the Quail Roost Conference to create draft guidelines that would help forensic educators obtain tenure. While the original committee consisted primarily of debate educators, the goal was to create a document that could be supported by many forensic organizations. Clearly, the Quail Roost committee was correct in calling for a document that served all of these different constituencies. However, Quail Roost (as I‘ll further refer to the document in this article) was written from a policy debate paradigm. Quail Roost was updated in 2009 by a committee chaired by Robin Rowland …
A Report On The Status Of Standards For Tenure And Promotion In Debate, Robin Rowland, Jarrod Atchison, Derek Buescher, Matthew Gerber, Steve Hunt, Ryan Galloway, Kelly Mcdonald, Jeff Jarman, Kelly Young, Tom Hollihan, David Zarefsky
A Report On The Status Of Standards For Tenure And Promotion In Debate, Robin Rowland, Jarrod Atchison, Derek Buescher, Matthew Gerber, Steve Hunt, Ryan Galloway, Kelly Mcdonald, Jeff Jarman, Kelly Young, Tom Hollihan, David Zarefsky
Speaker & Gavel
In what follows, we first provide an overview of debate in order to explain the importance of the activity and then review the status of tenure and evaluation standards among directors/coaches in various types of programs across the country. A mass email was used to ask directors/coaches to submit information about the nature of their current appointment (tenure track, term appointment, and so forth) and the standards through which their performance is evaluated. In addition to seeking information about appointment and evaluation standards for current coaches, we reviewed material from previous developmental conferences and the Quail Roost document, as well …
Complete Issue 48(1)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 48, issue 1) of Speaker & Gavel.
Sculpting The Rhetorician: A Transformation, Crystal Lane Swift
Sculpting The Rhetorician: A Transformation, Crystal Lane Swift
Speaker & Gavel
The following study is the result of a naive scholar infiltrating and analyzing a culture that she was unaware of before this experience. The participants in the study demonstrated numerous consistent patterns in their communicative interactions with each other, including: invitational community, marking space, the metaphor of "life as a journey", non-materialistic collectors, concrete positionality, producers and consumers of visual culture, and "the joke is on all of us."
Pragmatism, Pragma-Dialectics, And Methodology: Toward A More Ethical Notion Of Argument Criticism, Matthew Gerber
Pragmatism, Pragma-Dialectics, And Methodology: Toward A More Ethical Notion Of Argument Criticism, Matthew Gerber
Speaker & Gavel
In this essay, I argue that the pragma-dialectical approach to the analysis of argumentative discourse is limited, or could better serve critics, if it provided a more defined method for the evaluation of arguments based upon goals, purposes, and consequences. Specifically, I argue current conceptions and applications of pragma-dialectical methodology potentially run the risk of amorality in that arguments are deemed ‗good‘ as long as they meet the goals of the speaker, regardless of what those goals or purposes might be. In the following segments of this essay, I will more clearly and specifically identify and investigate the aforementioned ethical …
The Fantasy Of Separatism: An Examination Of The Rhetoric Of Sri Lanka’S Tamil Separatist Movement, Carolyn Prentice, Suranthi Boange
The Fantasy Of Separatism: An Examination Of The Rhetoric Of Sri Lanka’S Tamil Separatist Movement, Carolyn Prentice, Suranthi Boange
Speaker & Gavel
The study used symbolic convergence theory to analyze the rhetoric of the Tamil separatist movement in Sri Lanka to garner support for their cause. Examining two texts, the 1976 Vaddukoddai Resolution and the 2008 Heroes Day speech, we identified three main fantasy themes and a dominant rhetorical vision in both. This timely study clearly demonstrates the usefulness of SCT as a method of rhetorical analysis across cultures and also incorporates some recent criticisms of the theory. Thus, the study provides nuanced insights into how terrorists inspire followers through their rhetoric.
Introduction To The Special Issue On Method In Communication, Stephen M. Croucher
Introduction To The Special Issue On Method In Communication, Stephen M. Croucher
Speaker & Gavel
Editor's introduction by Stephen M. Croucher from volume 48, issue 1 of Speaker & Gavel.
Complete Issue 48(2)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 48, issue 2) of Speaker & Gavel.
Late Husserl For The Rhetorical Critic, J. Scott Andrews
Late Husserl For The Rhetorical Critic, J. Scott Andrews
Speaker & Gavel
Questions of objectivity are perennial concerns of rhetorical critics—whether it is attainable, what form it takes, and how generally its results may be held. Given the celebrated “particularity” of any given rhetorical act, “objectivity” in rhetorical criticism is generally inadmissible as a standard for evaluation. The most frequent response to such questions is to assume a relativistic critical stance. Another alternative is to take a phenomenological approach—to let “the things” speak for “themselves.” This approach has taken root in communication studies, but less so in rhetorical criticism, given the (false) dilemma that the objectivity-subjectivity dichotomy forces. Edmund Husserl, in his …
Complete Issue 49(1)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 49, issue 1) of Speaker & Gavel.
A Functional Analysis Of 2008 Presidential Primary Tv Spots, William L. Benoit, Leslie Rill
A Functional Analysis Of 2008 Presidential Primary Tv Spots, William L. Benoit, Leslie Rill
Speaker & Gavel
The 2008 presidential campaign was unusual for a number of reasons. For the first time since 1952, neither the President nor the Vice President contended for the Oval Office. This meant highly contested primaries in both major political parties. As the Democratic primary ground toward the end, the leading candidates were an African-American–Barack Obama–and a woman–Hillary Clinton. More money was raised and spent on the primary campaign than ever before. This means that the campaign messages in this election deserve scholarly attention. This study applies Benoit’s Functional Theory and Petrocik’s Issue Ownership Theory to primary campaign ads from both major …
How Attorneys Judge Collegiate Mock Trials, Ruth R. Wagoner, R. Adam Molnar
How Attorneys Judge Collegiate Mock Trials, Ruth R. Wagoner, R. Adam Molnar
Speaker & Gavel
In collegiate mock trial competition, practicing attorneys who don’t coach or know the participating schools judge the students' persuasive skill. Fifty-six attorneys were interviewed after they judged collegiate mock trials. They were asked which student behaviors they rewarded, which behaviors they punished, and overall which team presented more effectively. The attorneys' responses were grouped into thematic categories and arranged by priorities. Attorneys were consistent in what they said they valued in student performances. Interviewees' answers to the question about overall team performance were compared with the numeric ballots. If global assessment were included, it would change the outcome of a …
When Water Works: A Case Study Of Campaign Tears And The 2008 Presidential Election, Ryan Neville-Shepard
When Water Works: A Case Study Of Campaign Tears And The 2008 Presidential Election, Ryan Neville-Shepard
Speaker & Gavel
Since the fall of Senator Ed Muskie in the 1972 Democratic primary there has been an unwritten rule that political candidates should avoid crying. However, four presidential candidates cried in ten separate incidents during the 2008 election cycle, with only three episodes receiving negative attention. Addressing this inconsistency in the “Muskie rule,” in this essay I argue the effect of crying on a political candidate’s image is not well understood. As such, this essay develops and applies a framework for comprehending when crying will likely trigger a public relations crisis, and when it might actually benefit a candidate.
A Functional Analysis Of 2008 General Election Presidential Tv Spots, William L. Benoit, Mark Glantz
A Functional Analysis Of 2008 General Election Presidential Tv Spots, William L. Benoit, Mark Glantz
Speaker & Gavel
This study performed content analysis on the general election TV spots from Democratic nominee Barack Obama and Republican nominee John McCain in the 2008 presidential campaign. There was no significant difference in function by incumbency, which is not surprising given that neither major party candidates was the sitting president or vice president. Unlike ads from previous years, these ads contained more attacks (65%) than acclaims (34%; and like earlier campaigns few defenses: 1%). These ads stressed policy (58%) more than character (42%). The Democratic candidate, as in previous elections, discussed policy more, and character less, than the Republican candidate. Both …
Complete Issue 49(2)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 49, issue 2) of Speaker & Gavel.
Help? Not If You Don’T Know What To Look For: Applying Social Cognitive Theory To Program Evaluation In Competitive Forensics, Audra R. Diers
Help? Not If You Don’T Know What To Look For: Applying Social Cognitive Theory To Program Evaluation In Competitive Forensics, Audra R. Diers
Speaker & Gavel
Jessica Furgerson offered an important call to action by arguing Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives should be applied as a way to evaluate research skill acquisition in forensics participation. I have used her analysis as a way to show that more than just understanding what we do (and should do) in forensics, we should use theory to guide team goal-setting and program evaluation. In addition, I have argued forensics program administrators should establish theory-based program evaluation using Bandura’s social cognitive theory to demonstrate the value forensics offers to the overall university education mission.
I Need Help Finding It: Understanding The Benefits Of Research Skill Acquisition In Competitive Forensics, Jessica L. Furgerson
I Need Help Finding It: Understanding The Benefits Of Research Skill Acquisition In Competitive Forensics, Jessica L. Furgerson
Speaker & Gavel
Research skill acquisition is an invaluable but under explored benefit of forensics participation. Although coaches, students, and administrators acknowledge that participants gain research skills via forensics, little is known about what these skills are and how they specifically benefit students. This paper isolates three specific research dimensions students learn while participating in competitive speech and debate: locating, examining, and applying source mate-rial. Connections are then drawn between these dimensions and the attainment of high level learning resulting in the creation of educational outcomes related to research skill acquisition via forensics. Understanding the process and importance of research skill acquisition is …
What’S In A Name? Defending Forensics: A Response To Kimble’S “By Any Other Name”, Christopher P. Outzen, Daniel Cronn-Mills
What’S In A Name? Defending Forensics: A Response To Kimble’S “By Any Other Name”, Christopher P. Outzen, Daniel Cronn-Mills
Speaker & Gavel
Our essay is a response to Kimble’s “By Any Other Name: On the Merits of Moving Beyond Forensics.” We argue forensics has not lost the battle for its name, since the battle does not necessarily exist. We contend changing the name is unnecessary since forensics is the most accurate label one may apply to inter-scholastic speaking and debating. Furthermore, changing the name would have considerable negative repercussions. Instead, the forensic community needs to return to its roots as educators and activists to enhance public understanding of the term to include forensic speaking and debate. We conclude the name forensics is …
By Any Other Name: On The Merits Of Moving Beyond Forensics, James Kimble
By Any Other Name: On The Merits Of Moving Beyond Forensics, James Kimble
Speaker & Gavel
This essay argues that the interscholastic speaking and debating activity that calls itself forensics has effectively lost the battle for its own name. As students of and experts in rhetoric and performance, members of the forensics community should be the first to recognize the importance of an undisputed name. Yet the community continues to call itself by a name that medical science has overtaken. The resulting confusion does the community no favors and weakens the activity within the academy. The essay concludes that it might be time for a new name that the activity can claim for its own.
The Usefulness And Uselessness Of Forensics A Speaker & Gavel Special Issue, Stephen M. Croucher
The Usefulness And Uselessness Of Forensics A Speaker & Gavel Special Issue, Stephen M. Croucher
Speaker & Gavel
Editor's introduction by Stephen M. Croucher from volume 49, issue 2 of Speaker & Gavel.
Complete Issue 50(1)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 50, issue 1) of Speaker & Gavel.
Stressing A Developmental Approach Toward Persuasion In Interscholastic Forensics, Jim Schnell
Stressing A Developmental Approach Toward Persuasion In Interscholastic Forensics, Jim Schnell
Speaker & Gavel
A variety of models exist for teaching persuasive speaking to beginning speakers. A common shortcoming of models is that they require additional instruction to ensure student understanding. The Developmental Speech Sequence Model (DSSM) is an approach that can be applied effectively with beginning forensics competitors. The 10-point model described in this report is detailed but it also allows the speaker degrees of creative freedom. Forensics coaches can modify use of this model depending on the experience and skill level of the beginning competitor, allowing for a more customized approach that can benefit the student. Ten points within three sections comprise …
A Functional Analysis Of 2008 And 2012 Presidential Candidacy Announcement Speeches, William L. Benoit, Mark Glantz
A Functional Analysis Of 2008 And 2012 Presidential Candidacy Announcement Speeches, William L. Benoit, Mark Glantz
Speaker & Gavel
This study investigates messages in the surfacing phase of the presidential campaign, through a content analysis of presidential candidacy announcement speeches from the 2008 and 2012 elections. This study applied the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse to nine Democratic announcement speeches from 2008, 11 Republican announcement addresses from 2008, and 12 Republican announcement speeches from 2012. This work extends previous research on announcement speeches from 1960-2004 (Benoit, Henson, Whalen, & Pier, 2007). Overall, announcements from 2008 and 2012 used acclaims (75%) more than attacks (25%) or defenses (0.5%). The same announcements discussed policy more than character (58% to 42%); …
How Coaches Maintain The Status Quo: An Application Of Chaim Perelman’S Values And Universal Audience To Npda, Crystal Lane Swift
How Coaches Maintain The Status Quo: An Application Of Chaim Perelman’S Values And Universal Audience To Npda, Crystal Lane Swift
Speaker & Gavel
Chaim Perelman is explored as a rhetorically significant figure, beginning with a bit of background, delving into his theory, and finishing with some of his critics. His theories are still applicable today. All in all, Perelman is primarily concerned with the relationship between argumentation and value judgments. Overall, coaches and debaters alike could benefit from revisiting Perelman. This paper serves as a starting point to the current meta-debate over values and audiences within intercollegiate NPDA, where the same issues regarding value judgments and the universal audience are still raised.