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Articles 3961 - 3990 of 96468

Full-Text Articles in Archaeological Anthropology

Alternatives To Archaeological Data Recovery, Joel I. Klein Nov 2013

Alternatives To Archaeological Data Recovery, Joel I. Klein

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological data recovery ("salvage" excavation" is currently the principal method of mitigating project-related impacts to archaeological sites. The expense, uncertainties, and complicated logistics associated with archaeological data recovery are causing more and more cultural resource managers to seek alternative approaches to mitigation. This paper examines some of these alternatives in terms of their applicability to particular kinds of utility projects, the degree to which they satisfy the spirit as well as the letter of historic preservation laws and regulations, and the nature of objections that have been raised regarding their implementation. Among the alternative approaches considered will be avoidance as …

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An Archaeological Analysis Of Spatial Patterning In College Dormitory Rooms, Rose Garvin-Jackson Nov 2013

An Archaeological Analysis Of Spatial Patterning In College Dormitory Rooms, Rose Garvin-Jackson

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Bert Salwen's (1973) pilot study of dormitory residents' behavior is used to demonstrate that patterning in a modern, above-ground site can be investigated with archaeological techniques. The spatial patterning in 89 dormitory rooms is analyzed to identify the various types of territories maintained by the residents. Several sociocultural variables are then selected to see if specific spatial behavior can be linked with given attributes.

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The Archaeology Of 19th-Century Health And Hygiene At The Sullivan Street Site, New York City, Jean E. Howson Nov 2013

The Archaeology Of 19th-Century Health And Hygiene At The Sullivan Street Site, New York City, Jean E. Howson

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The households represented by archaeological remains at the Sullivan Street site in Greenwich Village are used to explore issues related to health care in 19th-century New York City. Backyard features and domestic artifact assemblages are discussed in the context of institutional development and specific changes in medical practice. Consumer choices are seen as responses to differential access to sanitation, medical care, and information. Social class had a significant effect on both the infrastructure and material culture of health and hygiene for these households.

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Local Trade In Pre-Revolutionary New Jersey, Rebecca Yamin Nov 2013

Local Trade In Pre-Revolutionary New Jersey, Rebecca Yamin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Following Bert Salwen's inductive approach to historical archaeology, this paper discusses the Raritan Landing project as a starting point for understanding local trade in pre-Revolutionary New Jersey. Salwen's dedication to "important historical issues" is demonstrated by this student's study, which moves from idiosyncratic artifact patterning to historiographic research to ceramic analysis and theoretical explanation. Tentative conclusions are drawn about New Jersey's pre-Revolutionary local trade and areas for further investigation are suggested.

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Bert Salwen's Involvement With Historical Archaeology And Cultural Resource Management, Late 1960s-1988, Lorraine E. Williams, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall Nov 2013

Bert Salwen's Involvement With Historical Archaeology And Cultural Resource Management, Late 1960s-1988, Lorraine E. Williams, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall

Northeast Historical Archaeology

A note on Bert Salwen's work in historical archaeology and cultural resource management.

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The Mahicans, The Dutch, And The Schodack Islands In The 17th And 18th Centuries, Paul R. Huey Nov 2013

The Mahicans, The Dutch, And The Schodack Islands In The 17th And 18th Centuries, Paul R. Huey

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Documentary research calls attention to the historical and archaeological significance of an area that once consisted of three separate islands on the east side of the Hudson River below Albany. The area, called "Schodack," included the traditional council fire of the Mahican Indians. The history of these islands can be traced from 1609, when Hudson's ship, the Half Moon, anchored near them through the colonial period. Despite extensive purchases of land by the Dutch elsewhere on both sides of the river soon after 1630, the Mahican Indian owners and occupants of these fertile islands resisted selling them to the acquisitive …

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Evidence Of The Niantic Indians In The Archaeological Record, Anthony J. Puniello Nov 2013

Evidence Of The Niantic Indians In The Archaeological Record, Anthony J. Puniello

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The ethnohistorical record indicate that during the 17th century a group of Indians, called the Niantic, occupied the area of southwestern Rhode Island and southeastern Connecticut. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the archaeological record supports this observation. This is accomplished by the examination of the geographical distribution of several ceramic attributes identified with the pottery type "Niantic Stamped," which researchers have assumed was manufactured by the Niantic Indians.

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Indian Forts Of The Mid-17th Century In The Southern New England-New York Coastal Area, Ralph S. Solecki Nov 2013

Indian Forts Of The Mid-17th Century In The Southern New England-New York Coastal Area, Ralph S. Solecki

Northeast Historical Archaeology

According to a recent hypothesis in connection with the emergence of the wampum trade, some 17th-century Indian forts in the southern New England-New York coastal area were built as trading stations rather than for defense or refuge. This proposition has not been fully explored. An examination of the data from the known Indian forts on Long Island and across the Long Island Sound in Connecticut and Rhode Island indicates that the proposition needs review. Only three out of nine forts discussed here appear to qualify as trading stations. These date comparatively later in the second half of the 17th century.

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Pottery Production And Cultural Process: Prehistoric Ceramics From The Morgan Site, Lucianne Lavin, Fred Gudrian, Laurie Miroff Nov 2013

Pottery Production And Cultural Process: Prehistoric Ceramics From The Morgan Site, Lucianne Lavin, Fred Gudrian, Laurie Miroff

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Bert Salwen was a pioneer in the study of prehistoric ceramics. In this paper, we use Bert's procedures of classification and interpretation to analyze the pottery assemblage from the Morgan site, a Late Woodland horticultural community located in the lower Connecticut drainage at Rocky Hill, Connecticut. The analysis provides insight into Native American cultural development in southern New England during the 12th and 14th centuries A.D. especially in the realm of social interaction and inter-regional exchange with Hudson valley groups.

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Prehistoric Adaptations On Fishers Island, New York: Progress Report, Robert E. Funk, John E. Pfeiffer Nov 2013

Prehistoric Adaptations On Fishers Island, New York: Progress Report, Robert E. Funk, John E. Pfeiffer

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological and paleoenvironmental research since 1985 on Fishers Island, New York has delineated a partially radiocarbon-dated Native American cultural sequence beginning in the Late Archaic period c. 4200 B.P. and ending at the Contact period c. A.D. 1600. Investigated settlement types included shell middens, lithic workshops, and inland hunting-gathering camps. Subsistence remains, including nuts, mollusks, and the bones of mammals, fishes, and birds indicate sporadic occupation of the island from spring through fall. Pollen recovered from both fresh water bogs and salt marshes evidence a typical postglacial forest succession beginning with the spruce-fir zone at about 13,000 B.P. and ending …

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Bert Salwen's Prehistory: 1962-1983, Dena F. Dincauze Nov 2013

Bert Salwen's Prehistory: 1962-1983, Dena F. Dincauze

Northeast Historical Archaeology

A summary of some of the accomplishments of Bert Salwen.

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Introduction, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall Nov 2013

Introduction, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Introduction to the volume dedicated to Bert Salwen.

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Prehispanic Use Of Chili Peppers In Chiapas, Mexico, Terry G. Powis, Emiliano Gallaga Murrieta, Richard Lesure, Roberto Lopez Bravo, Louis Grivetti, Heidi Kucera, Nilesh W. Gaikwad Nov 2013

Prehispanic Use Of Chili Peppers In Chiapas, Mexico, Terry G. Powis, Emiliano Gallaga Murrieta, Richard Lesure, Roberto Lopez Bravo, Louis Grivetti, Heidi Kucera, Nilesh W. Gaikwad

Faculty Articles

The genus Capsicum is New World in origin and represents a complex of a wide variety of both wild and domesticated taxa. Peppers or fruits of Capsicum species rarely have been identified in the paleoethnobotanical record in either Meso- or South America. We report here confirmation of Capsicum sp. residues from pottery samples excavated at Chiapa de Corzo in southern Mexico dated from Middle to Late Preclassic periods (400 BCE to 300 CE). Residues from 13 different pottery types were collected and extracted using standard techniques. Presence of Capsicum was confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS-MS Analysis. Five pottery types …

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Hypobaric Chamber Test Of Pacific Spaceflight Pressure Garment Mark I At Copenhagen University Hospital, Cameron M. Smith Nov 2013

Hypobaric Chamber Test Of Pacific Spaceflight Pressure Garment Mark I At Copenhagen University Hospital, Cameron M. Smith

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Pacific Spaceflight's first proof-of concept pressure garment, the Mark I (model Gagarin), was worn by a test subject in a pressure chamber to test stable maintenance of blood oxygenation, body temperature and suit pressure. While breathing normal air at a simulated altitude of 4,000m (c.13,000ft) the test subject's blood oxygenation was 90%, a figure expected for an altitude of 2,590m (8,500ft). The test subject's blood oxygenation climbed back to normal (96%-95%) as the hypobaric chamber was repressurized to sea level figures. The garment successfully maintained the test subject in the first half of the Blood Oxygenation Disassociation Range of …

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Review Of High Altitude Aviation Preoxygenation / Denitrogenization Procedures And Draft Pressure Schedule For Open-Cockpit Balloon Flight To 65,000 Feet, Cameron M. Smith Nov 2013

Review Of High Altitude Aviation Preoxygenation / Denitrogenization Procedures And Draft Pressure Schedule For Open-Cockpit Balloon Flight To 65,000 Feet, Cameron M. Smith

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Aviation Decompression Sickness (DCS) is a well-known and well documented phenomenon in which a spectrum of physiological and cognitive symptoms result from aircrew exposures to altitudes greater than roughly 10,000 feet, where atmospheric pressures and the partial pressure of oxygen are significantly lower than the mean pressures in which the human body has evolved. The main factors involved in the likelihood of DCS are (a) exposure altitude, (b) exposure time at altitude, (c) preoxygenation / denitrogenization duration and procedure and (d) exercise at the exposure altitude. Mitigation of DCS is largely achieved by (a) preoxygenation / denitrogenization before flight, (b) …

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The Clay Pipe Assemblage From An 18- And 19th-Century Aboriginal Consumer Site In The Upper Mid-Continent, C.S. "Paddy" Reid Oct 2013

The Clay Pipe Assemblage From An 18- And 19th-Century Aboriginal Consumer Site In The Upper Mid-Continent, C.S. "Paddy" Reid

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Four years of excavations at the multi-component Ballynacree site (DkKp-8), located at the mouth of the Winnipeg River in northwestern Ontario, uncovered a large number of fur trade artifacts spanning virtually the entire period from initial French contact to the end of the fur trade era in the late 19th century. The clay pipe assemblage serves as an example of some unusual aspects of a major aboriginal village site, as opposed to a fur trade post site, as the quantities, time ranges, and types of pipes are at variance with those expected from such a site.

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The Pollen Record Formation Processes Of A Rural Cellar Fill: Identification Of The Captain Brown House, Concord, Massachusetts, Gerald K. Kelso, Alison D. Dwyer, Alan T. Synenki Oct 2013

The Pollen Record Formation Processes Of A Rural Cellar Fill: Identification Of The Captain Brown House, Concord, Massachusetts, Gerald K. Kelso, Alison D. Dwyer, Alan T. Synenki

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Captain David Brown was a major participant in the April 19, 1775 skirmish at the North Bridge, Concord, Massachusetts, and his house stood very close to the battlefield. Diary entries record that his house was dismantled in 1868 and that the filling of the cellar hole began on October 16th of the same year. Archaeologists uncovered the cellars of two houses on the David Brown property: one cellar fill contained only probable 18th-century artifacts; the second contained 18th- to mid-19th-century artifacts. Pollen data indicating that the second cellar hole was filled in the fall link that cellar hole to diary …

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Status, Technology, And Rural Tradition In Western Pennsylvania: Excavations At The Shaeffer Farm Site, John Bedell, Michael Petraglia, Thomas Plummer Oct 2013

Status, Technology, And Rural Tradition In Western Pennsylvania: Excavations At The Shaeffer Farm Site, John Bedell, Michael Petraglia, Thomas Plummer

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological excavations have been performed at the Shaeffer Farm site (36AR410), a rural residence in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. Documentary research and archaeological investigations indicate that the site was mainly occupied in the 19th century, probably by the Shaeffer family during its earliest occupation phase, and later by tenants. The site consisted of a dry-laid stone foundation and artifacts dating from approximately 1830 until shortly after 1900. The artifacts included architectural, domestic, faunal, and personal items. The study provided information about the lives of rural middle- and lower-class residents in western Pennsylvania, focusing on the housing, diet, recreation, and social aspirations …

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"A Succession Of Kaleidoscopic Pictures": Historical Archaeology At The Turner House, Salem, Massachusetts, Lorinda B.R. Goodwin Oct 2013

"A Succession Of Kaleidoscopic Pictures": Historical Archaeology At The Turner House, Salem, Massachusetts, Lorinda B.R. Goodwin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Although the House of Seven Gables Historic Site is principally associated with Nathaniel Hawthorne, the excavations at the Turner House site revealed a wealth of information about the Turner and Ingersoll families, who lived in the house later made famous by Hawthorne's novel. The rich array of documents contributes not only to the further understanding of the households that occupied the site, but also suggest the ways in which the surrounding community perceived the residents and their home through time. This article describes the excavations that took place on the site during the 1991 field season. The documentary evidence acts …

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Is It Futile To Try And Be Useful? Historical Archaeology And The African-American Experience, Larry Mckee Oct 2013

Is It Futile To Try And Be Useful? Historical Archaeology And The African-American Experience, Larry Mckee

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper considers the place of archaeology in the ongoing debate over the nature of slavery in the United States. The focus is on how the concerns of archaeologists intersect with the concerns of contemporary African Americans, especially in terms of the production and consumption of new information on plantation slavery. Although close links between archaeology and the African-American community should be promoted at every opportunity, archaeologists should avoid engagement with contemporary social agendas in carrying out research and in interpreting evidence. Archaeology's standing with academic and popular audiences can only be maintained by sticking with the discipline's essential mission: …

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Book Review: Pottery Works: Potteries Of New York State's Capital District And Upper Hudson Region By Warren F. Broderick And William Bouck, Paul R. Huey, Lois M. Feister Oct 2013

Book Review: Pottery Works: Potteries Of New York State's Capital District And Upper Hudson Region By Warren F. Broderick And William Bouck, Paul R. Huey, Lois M. Feister

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Book Review: Pottery Works: Potteries of New York State's Capital District and Upper Hudson Region by Warren F. Broderick and William Bouck 1995, Dickinson University Press, Canbury, NJ, 285 pages, $59.50.

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Book Review: The Archaeology Of Gender: Separating The Spheres In Urban America By Diana Dizerega Wall, Lorinda B. R. Goodwin Oct 2013

Book Review: The Archaeology Of Gender: Separating The Spheres In Urban America By Diana Dizerega Wall, Lorinda B. R. Goodwin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Book Review: The Archaeology of Gender: Separating the Spheres in Urban America by Diana diZerega Wall 1994, Plenum Press, New York. Foreword by Stanley South, 241 pages, 17 plates, 33 figures, 37 tables, 5 appendices, $37.50.

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Battlefield Palynology: Reinterpretation Of British Earthworks, Saratoga National Historical Park, Stillwater, New York, Gerald K. Kelso, Dick Ping Hsu Oct 2013

Battlefield Palynology: Reinterpretation Of British Earthworks, Saratoga National Historical Park, Stillwater, New York, Gerald K. Kelso, Dick Ping Hsu

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Pollen analysis was done on a core through a linear mound formerly identified as a 1777 British earthwork at Saratoga National Historical Park. Documents indicate that the British earthwork was built in a forest in a sparsely settled region. Pollen data record a 71-year reforestation sequence under the mound, indicating that it cannot be a Revolutionary War earthwork.

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The Archaeology Of Provincial Officers' Huts At Crown Point State Historic Site, Charles L. Fisher Oct 2013

The Archaeology Of Provincial Officers' Huts At Crown Point State Historic Site, Charles L. Fisher

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological survey of the site of a proposed maintenance building at Crown Point State Historic Site located the remains of three historic structures, identified as temporary housing of 18th-century soldiers during the initial construction of the extensive British fortifications, which began in 1759. These archaeological features and associated objects are evidence of both the material conditions of the soldiers and the social relationships among them. The spatial organization of the encampement separated the Provincial regiments from the British regulars. Within a single Provincial regiment's camp, the officers' huts were separated from their troops. The small objects recovered archaeologically are viewed …

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The Virginia Earthenwares Project: Characterizing 17th-Century Earthenwares By Electronic Image Analysis, Thomas E. Davidson Oct 2013

The Virginia Earthenwares Project: Characterizing 17th-Century Earthenwares By Electronic Image Analysis, Thomas E. Davidson

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This study employs electronic image analysis to characterize and identify 17th-century, Virginia-made earthenware ceramics. Digitized microscopic images of pottery from five different archaeologically discovered 17th-century production sites are examined, and the grain-size characteristics of the wares are reported. The potential of electronic image analysis as a tool for the study of archaeological ceramics is discussed.

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Scratching The Surface: Seven Seasons At The Spencer-Pierce-Little Farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, Mary C. Beaudry Oct 2013

Scratching The Surface: Seven Seasons At The Spencer-Pierce-Little Farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, Mary C. Beaudry

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Results of excavations conducted between 1986 and 1994 at the Spencer-Pierce-Little farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, are summarized and evaluated in light of the research questions that have guided the project to date. Under continuous occupation and cultivation from 1635 to the present, the site has that potential to contribute to many topics of interest to historical archaeologists working in New England and elsewhere, including questions about ideological and practical aspects of landscape and land use; changing agricultural practice and the effects of agricultural reform; farm tenancy; the archaeology of the household and homelot; relationships between urban and rural contexts in early …

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Historic Gravestone Fragments: A Collections Management Plan, Harley A. Erickson Oct 2013

Historic Gravestone Fragments: A Collections Management Plan, Harley A. Erickson

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The author discusses the importance of historic gravestone fragments and presents a comprehensive management plan for their collection and maintenance. The plan is the culmination of a study of a large collection of fragments belonging to the City of Boston Historic Burying Grounds Initiative. Gravestones are important historical artifacts that must be preserved. An organized and manageable collection is crucial for research, and the proper handling, recording, and storage of gravestone fragments must be undertaken with care. The collection and conservation of fragments must be ongoing and should be a top priority of preservationists. It appears, however, that few policies …

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Home Thoughts From Abroad: Some Observations On Contract Archaeology In England, James Symonds Oct 2013

Home Thoughts From Abroad: Some Observations On Contract Archaeology In England, James Symonds

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper was written following a recent visit by the author to the United States and Canada. It aims to provide a view of contemporary archaeological practice in England for North American readers and to draw comparisons between the working environment of field archaeologists on either side of the Atlantic. Reference is made to the relatively recent growth of commercial archaeology in England and to tensions that have emerged as a consequence of the re-structuring of the profession. It is argued that despite a substantial increase in the level of funding available from the private sector there has been little …

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Editors' Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry, Ann-Eliza H. Lewis Oct 2013

Editors' Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry, Ann-Eliza H. Lewis

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The editors give an introduction to the volume.

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Review Essay: Private Lives And Armory Practice: Artifacts And Armsmaking Reconsidered, Regina Lee Blaszczyk Oct 2013

Review Essay: Private Lives And Armory Practice: Artifacts And Armsmaking Reconsidered, Regina Lee Blaszczyk

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Review of Colt: The Making of an American Legend by William N. Hosley, Jr., 1996. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst and Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford. 254 pp., illustrations, and notes, $49.95 (cloth), $29.95 (paper); and Culture Change and the New Technology: An Archaeology of the Early American Industrial Era by Paul A. Shackel, 1996. Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology, series edited by Charles E. Orser, Jr. Plenum Press, NY. 217 pp., illustrations, appendix, bibliography, and notes, $37.50.

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