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Articles 61 - 80 of 80

Full-Text Articles in Archaeological Anthropology

Field Excavations At Sylvester Manor, Katherine Howlett Hayes Sep 2011

Field Excavations At Sylvester Manor, Katherine Howlett Hayes

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This chapter describes the overall field strategy and summarizes nine seasons of field excavations at Sylvester Manor. All tested site areas are described, with greatest detail given to the areas relevant to the research questions on the early plantation period, as well as the pre-Contact/Colonial Native American occupation areas. This overview of the excavations also provides a broad interpretation of the results relating to the early colonial landscape, associations between site areas, and the longer term Native American occupation of the site.


Geophysical Explorations At Sylvester Manor, Kenneth L. Kvamme Sep 2011

Geophysical Explorations At Sylvester Manor, Kenneth L. Kvamme

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Geophysical surveys were undertaken at the Sylvester Manor Estate, on Shelter Island, New York, in the summer of 2000. This work helped identify and map components of the buried cultural landscape at this plantation where Dutch, English, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans labored in the second half of the 17th century and later. A second goal was to map features of historic gardens that are known to have existed, and explore the possibility of cultural features in a distant “West Peninsula” area. Ground-penetrating radar, magnetic gradiometry, and electrical resistance surveys were employed. The electrical resistance data, acquired at 25 cm …


The Archaeology Of Sylvester Manor, Stephen A. Mrozowski, Katherine Howlett Hayes, Anne P. Hancock Sep 2011

The Archaeology Of Sylvester Manor, Stephen A. Mrozowski, Katherine Howlett Hayes, Anne P. Hancock

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This chapter introduces the history of the Sylvester Manor Project. It emphasizes the importance of the interdisciplinary approach employed during the project and the overall goals of the investigations. A discussion of pluralistic space and its importance as a central theme of the investigations is also presented. This is followed by a discussion of the Native American history of Shelter Island and its European colonization with particular attention given to the initial establishment of Sylvester Manor as a provisioning plantation, its connections to two large sugar plantations on Barbados, and its subsequent transformation into a commercial estate.


A “Fashionable Tailor” On Water Street:Nineteenth-Century Tailor’S Chalks Fromst. John’S, Newfoundland, Temple Blair, Barry C. Gaulton Apr 2011

A “Fashionable Tailor” On Water Street:Nineteenth-Century Tailor’S Chalks Fromst. John’S, Newfoundland, Temple Blair, Barry C. Gaulton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Excavations related to a large sewer construction project in St. John’s, Newfoundland exposed several examples of tailor’s chalk lost during the Great Fire of 1892. Made from pipe clay, these objects may be the first of their kind identified on an archaeological site in North America. This paper introduces the changing social and economic position of tailors and other clothing-related trades in St. John’s. Tailor’s chalks are discussed within the context of the clay tobacco pipe industry, particularly the non tobacco-related objects produced, and within the tailoring trade throughout the early modern period.


The John Hunt Map Of The First English Colony Innew England, Jeffrey P. Brain Apr 2011

The John Hunt Map Of The First English Colony Innew England, Jeffrey P. Brain

Northeast Historical Archaeology

A map of Fort St. George, the first official English settlement in New England, is proved to be a remarkably accurate document. Drawn by a draftsman who was obviously trained in state-of-the-art military cartography, it is a testament to the thoughtful planning of the adventure and the competence of the principal participants, as well as a reliable guide to archaeological investigation.


The Analysis Of 18th Century Glass Trade Beadsfrom Fort Niagara: Insight Into Compositionalvariation And Manufacturing Techniques, Aaron Shugar, Ariel O’Connor Apr 2011

The Analysis Of 18th Century Glass Trade Beadsfrom Fort Niagara: Insight Into Compositionalvariation And Manufacturing Techniques, Aaron Shugar, Ariel O’Connor

Northeast Historical Archaeology

An assemblage of 445 archaeological glass trade beads excavated from Old Fort Niagara, Youngstown, New York in 2007 were analyzed to determine their manufacturing technology and elemental composition. Analytical techniques included reflected light microscopy, handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Optical microscopy revealed the manufacturing technology of the beads and uncovered discrepancies between the current method of visual identification for bead type and color and the structures and colors revealed through scientific analysis. Elemental analysis revealed a new turquoise blue bead composition.


Forging Ahead In The Somerset Hills: Archaeologicaldocumentation Of An 18th-Century Bloomery Forge Inbernardsville, New Jersey, Richard Veit, Michael Gall Apr 2011

Forging Ahead In The Somerset Hills: Archaeologicaldocumentation Of An 18th-Century Bloomery Forge Inbernardsville, New Jersey, Richard Veit, Michael Gall

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper describes the results of a program of salvage archaeology at the Leddell Forge in Bernardsville, Somerset County, New Jersey. The site, which dates from the late-18th century, was discovered during landscaping activities on private property. Small-scale ironworks, such as this forge, were once a ubiquitous part of the cultural landscape in northern New Jersey, but today they are largely forgotten. With support from the Historical Society of the Somerset Hills and private donors, the forge remains were recorded. The Leddell Forge site contained exceptionally well-preserved wooden remains which provide new information about bloomery forge layout and construction. As …


Collective Identities, The Catholic Temperance Movement,And Father Mathew: The Social History Of A Teacup, Stephen Brighton Apr 2011

Collective Identities, The Catholic Temperance Movement,And Father Mathew: The Social History Of A Teacup, Stephen Brighton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

People use material culture and its associated symbolism to express collective identities. The aim of this paper is to illuminate class and religious conflict and negotiation between Irish Catholic immigrants, the American Roman Catholic Church, mainstream native-born Americans, and various Protestant cohorts in New York City between 1850 and 1870. To do this I explore the social meaning and significance embedded within a refined white earthenware teacup decorated with the image of Father Theobald Mathew. The cup was discovered during excavation of a mid- to late-19th-century, predominantly Irish immigrant section of New York City known as the Five Points.


The Archaeology Of The Matron’S Cottage:A Household Of Female Employees At Sailors’ Snug Harbor,Staten Island, New York, Sherene Baugher Apr 2011

The Archaeology Of The Matron’S Cottage:A Household Of Female Employees At Sailors’ Snug Harbor,Staten Island, New York, Sherene Baugher

Northeast Historical Archaeology

At Sailors’ Snug Harbor (1833 – 1976), a charitable institution for retired seamen located on Staten Island, New York, the Matron’s Cottage housed the unmarried, full-time, female employees. From 1845- 1880, it also housed the Steward and his wife in separate quarters. The women worked as seamstresses, cooks, and washerwomen. The Matron was an educated woman who could keep detailed records and was the director of the female staff. The archaeological evidence at the site of the Matron’s Cottage, together with primary source documents, reveals information on the life of these 19th-century working-class women within their household. To place the …


Council For Northeast Historical Archaeologyaward For Excellence In Service Edwards J. Lenik, Sherene Baugher, Richard Veit Apr 2011

Council For Northeast Historical Archaeologyaward For Excellence In Service Edwards J. Lenik, Sherene Baugher, Richard Veit

Northeast Historical Archaeology

No abstract provided.


The 1730 Fox Fort: Historical Debate And Archaeological Endeavor, Lenville J. Stelle Jan 2008

The 1730 Fox Fort: Historical Debate And Archaeological Endeavor, Lenville J. Stelle

Anthropology Faculty Scholarship

For more than one hundred years historians and archaeologists have debated the location of the 1730 fortification created by the Meskwaki on the prairies of eastern Illinois. After four summers of archaeological exploration of the Arrowsmith Battle Ground (11ML6), architectural patterns consistent with the historical record of the siege and diagnostic elements of the Meskwaki material assemblage have been identified. The present paper summarizes these findings and concludes this to be the site of the 1730 Fox fort.


Caprock Canyonlands Archeology: A Synthesis Of The Late Prehistory And History Of Lake Alan Henry And The Texas Panhandle-Plains Volume Ii, Douglas K. Boyd Sep 1997

Caprock Canyonlands Archeology: A Synthesis Of The Late Prehistory And History Of Lake Alan Henry And The Texas Panhandle-Plains Volume Ii, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological investigations at Lake Alan Henry, in Garza and Kent Counties, Texas, between 1987 and 1993 generated much archeological data relevant to interpreting late Holocene human activities. This review goes beyond the project boundary to synthesize the late prehistory and history of the Texas Panhandle Plains, with special emphasis on the north-south band of rugged canyons found along the Caprock Escarpment, herein defined as the Caprock Canyonlands. This synthesis looks at the human past from an ecological perspective, correlating shifts in subsistence, technology, and settlement patterns with inferred changes in paleoclimate, flora, and fauna. Past fluctuations in bison population size, …


Caprock Canyonlands Archeology: A Synthesis Of The Late Prehistory And History Of Lake Alan Henry And The Texas Panhandle-Plains Volume I, Douglas K. Boyd Sep 1997

Caprock Canyonlands Archeology: A Synthesis Of The Late Prehistory And History Of Lake Alan Henry And The Texas Panhandle-Plains Volume I, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological investigations at Lake Alan Henry, in Garza and Kent Counties, Texas, between 1987 and 1993 generated much archeological data relevant to interpreting late Holocene human activities. This review goes beyond the project boundary to synthesize the late prehistory and history of the Texas Panhandle Plains, with special emphasis on the north-south band of rugged canyons found along the Caprock Escarpment, herein defmed as the Caprock Canyonlands. This synthesis looks at the human past from an ecological perspective, correlating shifts in subsistence, technology, and settlement patterns with inferred changes in paleoclimate, flora, and fauna. Past fluctuations in bison population size, …


Archeological Investigations For Fort Stabilization And Restoration, For Mckavett State Historical Park, Menard County, Texas: 1978-1990 Seasons, Amy C. Earls, John Leffler Mar 1996

Archeological Investigations For Fort Stabilization And Restoration, For Mckavett State Historical Park, Menard County, Texas: 1978-1990 Seasons, Amy C. Earls, John Leffler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The U.S. Army occupations at Fort McKavett from 1853 until 1859 and from 1868 until 1883 were part of Texas's frontier defense. During the Civil War and from 1883 until the present, civilians have inhabited and used the fort buildings, creating the small town of Fort McKavett. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department developed part of the town as a state historical park, restoring this property to its appearance during the second military occupation. Archeological investigations at the park between 1978 and 1990 focused on recovering architectural data and artifacts to support restoration, stabilization, and interpretation of the military occupations. …


Archeological And Geomorphological Investigations At Prehistoric Sites 41wy50 And 41wy60, Willacy County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler Mar 1994

Archeological And Geomorphological Investigations At Prehistoric Sites 41wy50 And 41wy60, Willacy County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January through March 1993, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at two clay dune sites, 41WY50 and 41WY60, in the outfall area of the Hidalgo-Willacy Drainage Ditch system. This work represents the final investigations of a cultural resource management program conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the local sponsors, Hidalgo County Drainage District No. 1 and Willacy County Drainage District No. I, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. The results of the archeological investigations were poor. Neither site yielded materials of unquestionable cultural origin, although several small basin-shaped hearth features were encountered. Based on radiocarbon assays from …


Data Recovery At Justiceburg Reservior (Lake Alan Henry), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 2, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler Mar 1993

Data Recovery At Justiceburg Reservior (Lake Alan Henry), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 2, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The second of three seasons of Phase III data recovery at Justiceburg Reservoir (Lake Alan Henry), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the summer of 1991. 11le work included survey of dam borrow areas and site recording in and near these construction zones, limited work at selected rock art sites, geological investigation of an upland playa, and intensive investigations at two primarily Protohistoric period archeological sites. Pedestrian survey of active borrow areas resulted in the discovery and emergency recording and evaluation of site 41GR606 at the mouth …


Archeological Investigations At The Laredo Cemetery Site (41wb22), Webb County, Texas, Mary Jane Mcreynolds, Laverne Herrington, Ken Rodgers Jan 1981

Archeological Investigations At The Laredo Cemetery Site (41wb22), Webb County, Texas, Mary Jane Mcreynolds, Laverne Herrington, Ken Rodgers

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological involvement in the exhumation of relatively recent historic cemeteries is a new development in Texas. Traditionally, archeologists have directed their attention toward the burial practices of aboriginal peoples and have shied away from any dealings with the excavations of late nineteenth and early twentieth century cemeteries. This trend has continued despite an ever-increasing awareness of and concern with changing modes of historic and recent tombstone embellishment on the part of archeologists, cultural anthropologists and historians. In practice, tombstones have been studied sporadically but the tasks of relocation and reinterment of the physical human remains have been left to undertakers …


The George C. Davis Site, Cherokee County, Texas: Spring 1980 Archeological Investigations, Ross C. Fields, J. Peter Thurmond Jun 1980

The George C. Davis Site, Cherokee County, Texas: Spring 1980 Archeological Investigations, Ross C. Fields, J. Peter Thurmond

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The results of archeological investigations in portions of the George C. Davis Site are presented in this report prepared by Ross Fields and J. Peter Thurmond . Stringent contract requirements and the provisions of Texas Antiquities Permit No. 237 dictate that this report be brief and descriptive in nature. Requirements such as inclusion of a detailed site investigation history and environmental data were excluded and extensive excavations were stressed in preference to detailed analyses and comparisons. Field investigations were limited by contract to 20 working days and the analysis/write-up to 10 working days. The governing research design was prepared by …


Archeological Test Excavations In Areas To Be Affected By A Proposed French Drain West Of The Granary, Mission San Jose State Site (41bx3), Bexar County, Texas, John W. Clark Jr., Elton R. Prewitt Aug 1979

Archeological Test Excavations In Areas To Be Affected By A Proposed French Drain West Of The Granary, Mission San Jose State Site (41bx3), Bexar County, Texas, John W. Clark Jr., Elton R. Prewitt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Limited archeological test excavations were conducted along the west wall of the granary at Mission San Jose State Historic Site (41BX3) in Bex~r County, Texas, during July and August, 1979. The investigations were designed to provide information regarding the presence or absence of significant archeological materials in areas to be affected by the construction of a proposed French drain intended to relieve moisture-related structural problems along the west wall of the granary. six 0.5 by 1 meter test pits were excavated; 1,303 artifacts and 1,809 bone and shell fragments were recovered. Seven features were documented; these included a wall and …


Red Lake Notes, Franc E. Babbitt Dec 1880

Red Lake Notes, Franc E. Babbitt

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A lady begs leave to submit to the attention and keeping of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, a small box of pottery fragments collected, for the most part, from various points upon the shores of Red Lake, Red Lake Ojibwa reservation, Beltrami county, Minnesota. These objects have been secured through the good offices of t:esident sub-agent Mr. Jonathan Taylor, and of his family; a considerable share of them having been obtained directly from the soil through the personal efforts of Mr. Taylor's son, Elmer Hamilton. Rev. Fred Smith, native missionary at Red Lake sub-agency, has also kindly contributed groups …