Archaeological Anthropology Commons^™

Book Review: Saugus Iron Works: The Roland W. Robbins Excavations, 1948-1953, Richard Veit

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Review of Sagues Iron Works: The Roland W. Robbins Excavations, 1948-1953, edited by William A. Griswold and Donald W. Linebaugh, 2011, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 440 pages, 182 black-and-white illustrations, index, appendices, no price given.

Book Review: Black Feminist Archaeology By Whitney Battle-Baptiste, Barbara J. Little

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Review of Black Feminist Archaeology, by Whitney Battle-Baptiste, 2011, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA, 200 pages, $94.00 (cloth), $32.95 (paper), $32.95 (ebook).

Resurrectionists' Excursions: Evidence Of Postmortem Dissection From The Spring Street Presbyterian Church, Shannon A. Novak, Wesley Willoughby

Northeast Historical Archaeology

In this paper we contextualize two unique individuals recovered from the historic Spring Street Presbyterian Church burial vaults in lower Manhattan (ca. 1820-1846). The crania of one adolescent and one infant display clear evidence of a craniotomy. Both had complete circumferential incisions to remove the calvarium for internal examination. Both crania were sectioned using a saw, though the adolescent underwent further postmortem preparation: thin scalpel marks indicate defleshing, and metal pins embedded in the frontal and occipital bones would have facilitated disarticulation and rearticulation of the vault, presumably for teaching. By the early 19th century, the illicit exhumation of graves …

The Children Of Spring Street: Rickets In An Early Nineteenth-Century Congregation, Meredith A. B. Ellis

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper examines the prevalence of rickets, or vitamin D deficiency, in the subadult skeletal remains from the burial vaults of the Spring Street Presbyterian Church of New York City. The burial vaults of the church were active from approximately 1820–1846 and contain the remains of at least 86 subadults (minimum number of individuals count [MNI] of left tibiae). Over 34% of the subadult tibiae in this collection display pathology consistent with vitamin D deficiency. Since vitamin D is acquired through access to sunlight and specific foods, a high rate of rickets can give clues about living conditions, parenting strategies, …

Archaeologies Of Disease And Public Order In Nineteenth-Century New York: The View From Spring And Varick, William Werner, Shannon A. Novak

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The authors situate evidence of disease among the burial population of the Spring Street Presbyterian Church within evolving attitudes towards public health and civic order in 19th-century Manhattan. Two personal vignettes illustrate how individuals interacted with the physical space of the church’s vicinity at different moments in the history of municipal reform. The first, a 16-year-old girl named Louisa, was virtually absent from the historical record until the recovery and analysis of her skeletal remains from the church burial vaults. Her skeletal biography conveys the cosmopolitan nature of Manhattan social relations in the early 19th century and the complex ways …

"That Class Of Person Who Cannot Afford A Pew": Analysis Of The Human Remains From The Spring Street Presbyterian Church Burial Vaults, Thomas A. Crist

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The analysis of the skeletal remains of 85 people interred between ca. 1820 and 1846 in the vaults of the abolitionist Spring Street Presbyterian Church provides unique insights regarding the biological history of antebellum New York City unavailable from other sources. Even though the sample size is small, the remains reflect the prevalence of infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, nutritional deficiencies, premature deaths, and high infant mortality that characterized the rapidly industrializing city. Among the most remarkable discoveries were a rare case of abdominal cancer; a mother and her full-term fetus in utero buried together; two autopsied children; and a dental …

Stories From The Rubble: Analysis Of Mortuary Artifacts From The Spring Street Presbyterian Church Vaults, Rebecca L. White, Douglas B. Mooney

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological investigations of the Spring Street Presbyterian Church vaults resulted in the recovery of coffin plates, hardware and other burial-related artifacts that convey information regarding the individuals interred within these chambers. These interments also offer a glimpse at mortuary customs and practices in vault burials during the first half of the 19th century.

Lost Within The Rubble: The Archaeological Findings From The Spring Street Presbyterian Church Burial Vaults, Douglas B. Mooney

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological investigations of the former Spring Street Presbyterian Church property resulted in the discovery of four stone and brick subterranean congregational burial vaults. In active use for only about 25 years, these chambers were found to contain the remains of more than 200 individuals, including large numbers of children. Excavations revealed that remains had been impacted by both natural and manmade processes at various points in the past; however, a total of 46 discrete burials were identified during the excavations. Findings from these investigations provide much previously unavailable information regarding the structure, internal organization, and preservation of remains within 19th-century …

"A Free Church For The People": The History Of The Spring Street Church And Its Burial Vaults, Elizabeth D. Meade

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The Spring Street Church was constructed in the early 19th century to accommodate worshipers in what was then the unsettled area north of the developed portion of New York City. Burial vaults were constructed alongside the church by circa 1820 and were in use for more than 20 years, when changing legislation regarding human burials in Manhattan forced the church to close the vaults. During the period of the vaults’ use, the Spring Street Church members participated in the Abolitionist movement and, as a result of the congregation's promotion of anti-slavery ideologies, the church was demolished by an angry mob …

Introduction: Archaeological And Forensic Investigations Of An Abolitionist Church In New York City, Edward M. Morin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

While excavating the foundations for a planned condominium hotel complex in Manhattan, construction crews discovered human remains. The construction staff subsequently ceased excavation and notified the New York City Police Department and the Medical Examiner’s office. Project officials also notified the New York City Department of Buildings and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission who requested all excavation be stopped in the vicinity of the remains. Ultimately, the Department of Buildings, the construction permitting agency, determined that all further construction activities be suspended pending the receipt and approval of an integrated work plan for the recovery, documentation and analysis …

From Pork To Mutton: A Zooarchaeological Perspective On Colonial New Amsterdam And Early New York City, Haskell J. Greenfield

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This article analyzes the zooarchaeological remains from historical deposits to increase our understanding of the relationship between diet and ethnicity in early colonial New York City. Excavations at the Broad Financial Plaza recovered faunal remains documenting approximatley two centuries of historical occupation (middle 17th to the middle of the 19th century), a sequence rivaled by few other early colonial North American localities. Several trends are apparent in the data. Relative frequencies of pig remains declined while mutton and cattle increased correspondingly as New Amsterdam became the British colony of New York and as the Dutch residents on the block were …

Pollen Record Formation Processes At The Isles Of Shoals: Botanical Records Of Human Behavior, Gerald K. Kelso, Faith Harrington

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Exploratory pollen analysis on Appledore Island at the Isles of Shoals, a group of nine islands located approximately eight miles off the coast of southern Maine and New Hampshire, indicates that pollen preservation is excellent in exposed island soil deposits in the temperate zone and that pollen percolation into deposits from surface preserves the record of natural and cultural events where dep cultural deposits have not developed. The Appledore pollen spectra registered the establishment of the resort hotel industry on the island in the mid-19th-century, the virtual abandonment of the island after a major fire in 1914, and the chestnut …

Squeezing Ceramics For More Than Their Worth: Boundary Maintenance At An 18th-Century Port In New Jersey, Rebecca Yamin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological excavations and associated documentary studies at Raritan Landing, an 18th/19th-century port site on the Raitan River in Piscataway, New Jersey, suggested that the relationship between this small community of traders and New York City merchants changed during the years preceding the Revolutionary War. Diminshing kinship, commercial, and institutional ties between the Raritan Landing traders and New York investors appeared to reflect increasing independence from New York domination over time. When the ceramics recovered from pre-Revolutionary and Revolutionary-period deposits were compared to deposits from several sites in Manhattan and another site within New York, a pattern emerged that has been …

Prospect Hill: Skeletal Remains From A 19th-Century Methodist Cemetery, Newmarket, Ontario, S. Pfeiffer, J. C. Dudar, S. Austin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

During 1989-90, in response to disruption caused by a building site excavation in Newmarket, Ontario, archaeological and biological information was salvaged from a former church cemetery dating from 1824 or 1827 to 1879. The skeletal remains of 77 indivaduals indicate a population with high infant mortality and little access to medical or dental care. Nevertheless, the autopsy of a young pregnant woman and one gold dental filling indicate there was an incipient interest in biomedical that mechanisms be available to allow the salvage of as much historical and biological information as possible.

Archaeological Excavations At Bon-Désir: Basque Presence In The St. Lawrence Estuary, Dominique Lalande

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The archaeological fieldwork on the Anse à La Cave site at Bon-Désir uncovered remains associated with the exploitation of marine mammals in the St. Lawrence estuary. Excavations revealed the presence of two series of ovens used for rendering marine mammal fat. These preliminary data contribute to our understanding of sites based on the seasonal exploitation of whales in North America by European fishermen. The environmental, historical, and archaeological data support the hypothesis of a Basque occupation in the St. Lawrence estuary, particularly on the Anse à La Cave site from perhaps as early as the end of the 16th century …

The Development Of Contact Period Archaeology In Southern New England And Long Island: From "Gee Whiz!" To "Say What?", Bert Salwen

Northeast Historical Archaeology

It seems that contemporary archaeologists of the Contact Period continue a long tradition of uncritical acceptance of the written word as "God's truth," to be tested against or to inform the incomplete and necessarily biased archaeological record. When documentary history is available, have archaeologists really progessed so little- from excited discoveries of the antiquarians ("gee whiz") to mere confirmation of written accounts ("so what")? No. This paper argues that archaeologists, working as anthropologists and in conjunction with historians, have been producing new, more critical social analyses of the 17th-century culture contact situation in New England.

Editor's Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Editor's introduction to the volume.

A Cultural Resources Survey For The Leon Valley Hike And Bike Trail Project, Bexar County, Texas, Herbert G. Uecker, Imogen R. Cooper

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In early March, 2014, South Texas Archeological Research Services, LLC, conducted a cultural resources survey for the Leon Valley Hike and Bike Trail Project, Bexar County, Texas. The survey focused on discovery and preliminary assessment of archeological resources but also included an estimation of effect to the Huebner-Onion Homestead and Stage Coach Stop Site (41BX1429), which was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Since the project area was owned by the City of Leon Valley and the project involved federal funding through the Texas Department of Transportation, compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas and Section 106 of …

A Cultural Resources Survey For The City Of Temple’S Prairie View Road Expansion Project, Bell County, Texas, Herbert G. Uecker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In December, 2013, and January, 2014, South Texas Archeological Research Services, LLC, conducted a cultural resources survey for the City of Temple’s Prairie View Road Expansion Project, Bell County, Texas. The survey focused on discovery, identification, and preliminary assessment of archeological resources. The area surveyed was about 3,220 m of public road right-of-way about 30 m wide. It consisted of about 24 acres of land.

Because the survey area was owned or controlled by the City, a political subdivision of the State of Texas, compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas was triggered for the project. Since there was no …

A Cultural Resources Survey For The Bell County Wcid No. 3 Lift Station Project, Nolanville, Bell County, Texas, Herbert G. Uecker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In December, 2013, and January, 2014, South Texas Archeological Research Services, LLC, conducted a cultural resources survey for the Bell County Water Control and Improvements District No. 3 Lift Station Project in Nolanville, Bell County, Texas. The survey focused on discovery, identification, and preliminary assessment of archeological resources. The area surveyed was about 250 m of utilities line right-of-way about 30 m wide and a circular lift station site about 40 m in diameter. It consisted of about two acres of land.

Because the survey area was owned or controlled by a political subdivision of the State of Texas, compliance …

Intensive Areal Survey With Deep Mechanical Testing: For The City Of Ballinger Waste Water Treatment Plant Expansion, Runnels County, Texas, Katherine Turner Pearson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeologists from Central Texas Archaeological Resources (CTAR), on behalf of the City of Ballinger, Runnels County, Texas, conducted an intensive areal archaeological survey with deep mechanical testing within the boundaries of a proposed Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) Expansion, located in Ballinger, Runnels County, Texas on August 24-25, 2014. The proposed WWTP expansion was funded by a Texas Community Development Block Grant (TxCDBG) and therefore, subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas. The city’s current treatment plant in Ballinger was nearing it capacity and was required by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to expand its capabilities in order …

Archaeological Data Recovery At The Fish Creek Slough Site (41dl436), Dallas County, Texas, James T. Abbott, W Nicholas Trierweiler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Fish Creek Slough site (41DL436) is a well stratified, multi-component, open campsite situated on an alluvial terrace on the west bank of Fish Creek in Dallas County, Texas. Discovered in 2005, the site contains an abundance of faunal material, charcoal, and burned clay within multiple, discrete stratified zones. The site was evaluated by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT ) as eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Because the site was within the right-of-way for a planned road and bridge construction project, and as directed by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, TxDOT elected …

An Intensive Archeological Survey For The Proposed Us 87 Reliever Route In The City Of Lamesa, Dawson County, Texas, Brandon S. Young, Joseph M. Sanchez

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In November 2006 archeologists from Blanton & Associates, Inc. (Blanton & Associates) conducted an intensive archeological survey of the proposed six-mile US 87 Reliever Route in the City of Lamesa, Dawson County, Texas (CSJ: 0905-32-005). The survey was performed at the request of Parkhill, Smith, & Cooper, Inc. (PSC) on behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation’s (TxDOT) Lubbock District. The survey discovered one prehistoric archeological site (41DS12) within the APE. No artifacts were collected so curation was unnecessary.

Eligibility Testing At 41bu75, Burleson County, Texas, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Karl W. Kibler, John E. Dockall, Eloise Frances Gadus, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted test excavations at site 41BU75 in Burleson County, Texas, to determine its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and designation as a State Antiquities Landmark. The work was performed in 2007 under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4525 for the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division, in conjunction with a planned widening of FM 60, which will require up to 45 m of new right of way. The excavations consisted of six Gradall trenches and five 1x1-m hand-dug test units totaling 6.9 m3 , all on stateowned land. Excavations yielded a …

Intensive Archeological Survey For The Proposed Widening Of Cr 110 From Us 79 To Sam Houston Avenue In Williamson County, Texas, Timothy B. Griffith, Joseph M. Sanchez

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between July 21 and 25, 2014, Blanton & Associates, Inc. (B&A), at the request of Williamson County, conducted an intensive archeological survey (as per 13 TAC 26.20 and 26.5) of 6.5 miles of proposed improvements along County Road (CR) 110 near the City of Hutto in Williamson County, Texas. The 100 percent visual inspection, augmented by strategically placed shovel tests and backhoe trenches, was negative for cultural resources within the proposed project area. Based on these data, B&A recommends that the proposed improvements to County Road (CR) 110 in Williamson County, Texas, be allowed to proceed as planned without additional …

Cultural Resource Survey Of The South Texas Syngas Directional Drill Locations Negative Findings Phase I Survey Report Justin Hurst Wildlife Management Area Brazoria County, Texas, Jeff Turpin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During October of 2014, Turpin and Sons Inc. (TAS) conducted a cultural resource assessment of two potential horizontal directional drill (HDD) locations and one additional baseline trench location along Jones Creek within the Justin Hurst Wildlife Management Area managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The area of interest is located along an existing pipeline corridor between the San Bernard and Brazos rivers in southwest Brazoria County, Texas. The project was sponsored by Gremminger and Associates Inc., acting as agents for Air Liquide Large Industries U.S. LP, and conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 7029 issued to Dr. Jeff …

Documentation Of Unassociated Ceramic Vessel Funerary Objects In The Gregg County Historical Museum Collections From Sites In Gregg, Harrison, And Panola Counties In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report is the latest in a series of reports that have been supported by the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, Cultural Preservation Program that concern the documentation of funerary objects in museum facilities that are subject to the provisions and regulations of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) (Gonzalez et al. 2005; Cast et al. 2006; Perttula et al. 2007, 2009a, 2009b, 2010a, 2011). These documentation studies have been done either with grants from the National Park Service, or through funding provided by the museum facility that held NAGPRA funerary objects. In the case of the present …

The Caddo Archaeology Of The Musgano Site (41rk19) In The Sabine River Basin Of East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Musgano site (41RK19) is an important ancestral Caddo habitation site on Martin Creek in Rusk County in the Sabine River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was investigated by the Texas Archeological Survey at The University of Texas at Austin in 1972 and 1973 prior to the construction of Martin Creek Lake by Texas Utilities Services, Inc., and a Caddo house structure, midden deposits, features, and a large ceramic assemblage were documented from a component speculated to date between ca. A.D. 1400-1500 (Clark and Ivey 1974:14-41; McDonald 1972:10-11). Unfortunately, however, the results of the excavations and the …

The Hale And Keith Mounds In The Big Cypress Creek Basin In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The L. A. Hale (41TT12) and George L. Keith (41TT11) sites are two important ancestral Caddo mound centers in the Big Cypress Creek basin in the Post Oak Savanna of East Texas. Between them, they appear to have been occupied by Caddo peoples between ca. A.D. 1000-1400, although they may not have been occupied contemporaneously. Key questions that I hope to answer in this publication are: (1) when were the sites occupied and when were the mounds on them constructed, and (2) what were the mounds and the sites used for? These questions are challenging because both sites were excavated …

Archaeological Studies Of The Hatchel Site (41bw3) On The Red River In Bowie County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Hatchel site (41BW3) is a major prehistoric and protohistoric Caddo village and mound center on a natural levee deposit in the floodplain of the Red River in Bowie County, Texas. The platform mound and the main part of the associated village overlooks two channel lakes of the river; these likely were part of the channel of the river when the site was occupied by the Caddo.

The site was occupied by the Caddo from at least A.D. 1040 to the late 17th century. The earliest end of this age range is based on 2-sigma calibrated ages from radiocarbon dates …