Anthropology Commons^™

Architectural Variability In The Caddo Area Of Eastern Texas, T. Clay Schultz

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This dissertation focuses on the nature of architectural space in the Caddo area of eastern Texas, in the southwestern portion of the Caddo archaeological area. The early European accounts and the archaeological record indicate there was a wide range in size, shape, form, and use of architectural space in the Caddo area. Buildings have a variety of structural attributes and may be found isolated or associated with plazas or earthen mounds. This dissertation is a detailed examination of this architectural diversity. The sites included in this study range from large multi-mound centers that have seen large-scale and long-term research, such …

Analysis Of Prehistoric Artifacts From 2003 Excavations At The George C. Davis Site (41ce19), Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A small sample of artifacts were recovered in 2003 archaeological excavations at the George C. Davis site (Caddoan Mounds State Historic Site) by The University of Texas at Austin. The work was done in conjunction with a large-scale geophysical survey of the site to locate archaeologically significant geophysical anomalies (i.e. Caddo structures, pit features, palisades, burial features, etc.). The excavations in Unit 113, ca. 150 m east of Mound B (Figure 1), were focused on Feature 237, a kind of circular Caddo structure called a “Button House” because of its four support posts around a central hearth feature.

The principal …

Documentation Of Additional Vessels From The Johns Site (41cp12), Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Johns site (41CP12) is a Titus phase cemetery in the Prairie Creek valley in the Big Cypress Creek stream basin of the Northeast Texas Pineywoods. The Caddo artifacts from the site are from the Robert L. Turner, Jr. and Tommy John collections. Both men are current residents of Camp County, Texas.

total of 35 Late Caddo (ca. A.D. 1400-1680), Titus phase, burials were excavated between May 1966 and December 1984 at the Johns site. The first 19 burials were excavated by Tommy Johns and Robert L. Turner, Jr., and Johns continued to excavate burials at the site until 1984. …

The Jack Walton Site (41sa135), San Augustine County, Texas, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article describes archaeological excavations I conducted at the Jack Walton site (41SA135) in San Augustine County, Texas, between November 1981 and July 1982, with the assistance of Suzanne Middlebrook and John Hart. During a total of 20 days in the field, 14 m² were excavated in four areas of the site. The excavated units are designated Areas 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The site is located on a high bluff overlooking the Attoyac Bayou. It was apparently wooded until the 1930s, when the timber was clear cut; the present open field has been used for pasture and cultivation …

Archeological Testing And Data Recovery At 41zv202, Zavala County, Texas, Raymond P. Mauldin, Russell D. Greaves, Jennifer L. Thompson, Cynthia M. Munoz, Leonard Kemp, Barbara A. Meissner, Bruce K. Moses, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

At the request of the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division (TxDOT-ENV), the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted archeological significance testing at 41ZV202, a prehistoric site located in northwestern Zavala County, in March of 2003. The work, conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3071 issued to Dr. Steven A. Tomka, was done in anticipation of the potential widening by TxDOT of FM 481. While materials dating to the Archaic were also present, the testing demonstrated the presence of significant Late Prehistoric (Austin Interval) deposits with good integrity within a …

Testing And Data Recovery Excavations At 41bu51, Burleson County, Texas, Cory J. Broehm, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Ross C. Fields, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), conducted archeological testing and data recovery excavations at prehistoric site 41BU51 in Burleson County, Texas, for the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division, in three phases of investigation. The first phase of testing, conducted in Spring 2003, resulted in the discovery of a single human burial as well as diagnostic artifacts ranging from the Archaic period through the Late Prehistoric period. A second phase of testing was conducted to search for additional burials in January 2004. This work resulted in the discovery of three additional burials and two isolated human bones. Finally, data recovery …

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Proposed Wurzbach Parkway Extension Project From Blanco Road To Wetmore Road, Bexar County, Texas, Mary Jo Galindo, Kevin A. Miller

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted an intensive cultural resources survey on behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), of the proposed Wurzbach Parkway Extension Project in San Antonio, Texas. TxDOT proposes to extend the existing Wurzbach Parkway approximately 5.3 miles between Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 2696 (Blanco Road) and Wetmore Road. The undertaking involves the new construction of a four-lane divided roadway within an approximately 250-foot right-of-way (ROW) that is state-owned property. Overall, the Area of Potential Effects (APE) is 27,984 feet long, 250 feet wide, and maximally 10 feet deep. Additionally, the APE covers roughly 51.77 acres of permanent …

Cuatro Vientos: A Reconsideration Of Seven Prehistoric Sites In The Lower Rio Grande Plains Of South Texas, Stephen M. Carpenter, Michael Chavez, Kevin A. Miller, S. Christopher Caran

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

With this report, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) begins a reconsideration of approaches to the evaluation and treatment of those areas where surface lithic scatters are the main constituent of the archeological record. The reconsideration was inspired by the Cuatro Vientos project in Laredo, Webb County, Texas. The project and the ideas surrounding it developed slowly. The ideas continued to evolve through discussion between SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) and TxDOT as additional work on the project occurred. Because this project proceeded in an idiosyncratic fashion, some words of explanation might be helpful. The following discussion provides an account of how …

National Register Of Historic Places Eligibility Testing Of Site 41le326 Lee County, Texas, Andrea Stahman, Candace Wallace, Linda Ellis, Chris Heiligenstein

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between March 5 and 12, 2007, PBS&J conducted National Register of Historic Places eligibility testing at site 41LE326, under contract to the Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division (TxDOT ENV) (CSJ No. 0211-03-032). This investigation was conducted in advance of proposed improvements to U.S. Highway 77 in central Lee County, Texas, under regulations of the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 USC §470 et seq.) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (Title 9, chapter 191, Texas Natural Resource Code). Site 41LE326 is a prehistoric campsite that was initially recorded by PBS&J in October 2006 during a cultural resources …

An Intensive Pedestrian Archaeological Survey Of A 117-Acre Park In Kendall County, Texas, Cynthia Moore Munoz

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During February 2010, The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an intensive pedestrian archaeological survey of the Kendall County Park project located near Boerne, Texas to fulfill contract requirements with the Commissioner’s Court of Kendall County. The survey was conducted under the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 and the Texas Antiquities Code. The survey was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5540, with Dr. Raymond Mauldin, CAR Assistant Director, serving as Principal Investigator and Cynthia Moore Munoz serving as the Project Archaeologist. The …

National Register Testing Of Site 41bt427, Burnet County, Texas, Clayton M. Tinsley, Tiffany Osburn

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between October 1 and October 19, 2007, archeologists from Geo-Marine, Inc., conducted National Register of Historic Places eligibility testing at site 41BT427 in Burnet County, Texas, under contract to the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division. This prehistoric site was originally recorded by PBS&J during a cultural resources survey for a proposed bridge replacement project at the North Rocky Creek crossing of FM 963 (CSJ 1198-02-017). During that investigation, the site was initially identified by a series of three trenches located on the northeastern quadrant of the right-of-way. Three small, burned rock features were originally recorded in two of …

Archaeological Testing At San Marcos Springs (41hy160) For The Texas Rivers Center, Hays County, Texas, David L. Nickels, C. Britt Bousman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report describes the results of investigations undertaken to assess the archaeological resources at the Spring Lake Site, 41HY160, on the campus of Texas State University-San Marcos in Hays County, Texas. The Spring Lake Site, 41HY160, was recorded in the 1980s at the Aquarena Center, then a privately owned water park. In 1994 Texas State University-San Marcos purchased the Aquarena Center with the intention of converting it into an educational and research facility focused on rivers and springs in Texas. Eventually the University founded the River Systems Institute and it is now housed at the Texas River Center in the …

Archaeological Investigations At The Ice House Site, 41hy161: Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence, And Settlement Along The Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas, Erik Oksanen

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On behalf of the Texas State University-San Marcos, the Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) conducted data recovery excavations at the Icehouse site, a State Archeological Landmark (SAL), 41HY161, from May to September 2004. The excavations were a partial mitigation for the installation of flood control structures on Sessom Creek on property owned by the Texas State University-San Marcos. Investigative trenching discovered potentially significant cultural deposits within the proposed project area and the mitigation excavations were targeted to within the area of direct impact. As a state agency as defined by Section 61.003, Texas Education Code, Texas State University-San Marcos is …

Additional Archaeological Investigations Of The Propised Fulton Mansion Visitor's Center, Fulton Mansion State Historic (41as79), Rockport, Aransas County, Texas, Carole Leezer, Julian A. Sitters, Cinda Timperley

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University-San Marcos conducted additional archaeological investigations for the proposed Fulton Mansion State Historic Site (41AS79) Visitor’s Center, Aransas County, Texas, between October 19 and November 13, 2009 on behalf of the Texas Historical Commission Historic Sites Division. Investigations of the Area of Potential Effect are a continuation of testing investigations begun by Ringstaff in 2007 (Ringstaff 2008). Work was carried out by Carole Leezer as Project Archaeologist, Julian A. Sitters and Sarah Scogin as Archaeological Technicians, and Jon C. Lohse as Principal Investigator under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5420. Investigations included backhoe …

The End Of Farming In The “Northern Periphery” Of The Southwest, James R. Allison

Faculty Publications

Prehispanic farmers belonging to the Virgin and Fremont traditions once occupied most of Utah and adjacent parts of Arizona and Nevada. Through much of the twentieth century, these areas were called the "Northern Periphery'' of the Southwest, but in recent decades, both Fremont and Virgin have often been left out of syntheses of southwestern archaeology-even though they clearly had strong connections to the Southwest and represented, respectively, the northernmost and westernmost extensions of maize-based horticulture in western North America. This exclusion results from a combination of factors, the most important of which are geography and the territorial behavior of some …

Cultural And Contextual Differentiation Of Mesoamerican Iconography In The Southwest/Northwest, Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

Ample research has documented the long-term interaction between Mesoamerica and the U.S. Southwest/Northwest Mexico (SW/NW). Nelson (2006:345) has used the phrase "Mesoamerican interaction markers" as a way to describe evidence of this contact in the SW/NW. He further defines these as "a variety of archaeological patterns that are reminiscent of Mesoamerican counterparts" including "objects, practices, and styles." Some of the interaction markers that have been studied at length are trade goods such as copper bells, macaws, shell, and iron pyrite mirrors (Bayman 2002; Bradley 1993; Ericson and Baugh 1993; Kelley 1966, 1995; Mathien 1993; McGuire 1993b; Nelson 2000; Riley 2005). …

Villagers And Archaeologists: An Examination Of Past Behaviors At The Barton Site (21gd02), Emily Hildebrant

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

After a 40 year hiatus, excavations at the Bartron site (21GD02) resumed from May 2008 through June 2008 with new research questions. The primary impetus for this research was an investigation into the nature of the reported wall trench structure (Feature 13), one of the characteristics of the site previously cited as evidence of Mississippian contact or influence in the Red Wing Locality. This structure was hypothesized to be part of Pierre Charles Le Sueur's 1694/95 overwintering post on the southern end of Prairie Island. When excavated three centimeters below the previously excavated depth, the proposed wall trench structure was …

Fairy Forts And The Banshee In Modern Coastal Sligo, Ireland: An Ethnography Of Local Beliefs And Interpretations Of These Traditions, Brian Tillesen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines issues of cultural identity and modernity, and the anthropology of spirituality and sacred sites by conducting ethnographic research on fairy beliefs in contemporary Ireland. Irish folk belief has traditionally identified a spirit world intertwined with our own which is inhabited by spirits, often collectively referred to as fairies. Belief in these spirits was once widespread. My research sought to determine the prevalence of these traditional beliefs among modern Irish people within my research area, as well as differences in belief across variables including age, gender, and religious preference. I conducted eight weeks of ethnographic fieldwork during June-August …

Feminine Identity Confined: The Archaeology Of Japanese Women At Amache, A Wwii Internment Camp, Dana Ogo Shew

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In 1942, approximately 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry were evacuated from the West Coast to ten different internment camps in the interior of the United States. One of these camps was the Granada Relocation Center, otherwise known as Amache, located in southeastern Colorado. Through the analysis of archaeological material, archival documents, and oral histories, this thesis explores the experiences of Japanese American women interned at Amache. Feminine identity was greatly changed and redefined during confinement. These changes in feminine identity are examined in the public and private arenas of daily life within confinement. The construction of new and altered individual …

Impact Of Empire Expansion On Household Diet: The Inka In Northern Chile's Atacama Desert, Sheila Dorsey Vinton, Linda Perry, Karl J. Reinhard, Calogero M. Santoro, Isabel Teixeira-Santos

Anthropology Faculty Publications

The impact of expanding civilization on the health of American indigenous societies has long been studied. Most studies have focused on infections and malnutrition that occurred when less complex societies were incorporated into more complex civilizations. The details of dietary change, however, have rarely been explored. Using the analysis of starch residues recovered from coprolites, here we evaluate the dietary adaptations of indigenous farmers in northern Chile's Atacama Desert during the time that the Inka Empire incorporated these communities into their economic system. This system has been described as "complementarity" because it involves interaction and trade in goods produced at …

Expressions Of African American Culture - 2009, South Carolina Institute Of Archaeology And Anthropology--University Of South Carolina

Archaeology Month Posters

This poster was released in conjunction with South Carolina Archaeology Month, October 2009.

Legacy - August 2009, South Carolina Institute Of Archaeology And Anthropology--University Of South Carolina

SCIAA Magazine - Legacy & PastWatch

Contents:

Mars Bluff Navy Yard.....p. 1
Director’s Note - SCIAA Mission.....p. 2
New Postdoctoral Fellow.....p. 3
Lora Holland Leaves SCIAA.....p. 8
International Outreach: Landscapes Tour.....p. 9
First Season at Palachacolas Town.....p. 10
The 2009 Season at Topper Site.....p. 12
Military Sites Program Finishes Project.....p. 17
Chris Clement Joins SEARCH.....p. 18
ART Donor Ad.....p. 19
SCIAA/ART Donors Update.....p. 20
History Detectives.....p. 22
South Carolina Archaeology Month 2009.....p. 24

A Moment In Archaeology: A Reflexive Examination Of The Culture Of Meaning-Making In Archaeological Fieldwork, Jonathan W. Irons

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

To many, archaeology is a science. It is not, however, a traditional laboratory science with controls and variables. Its experiments cannot be repeated and its variables cannot be controlled so much as managed and standardized. This regulation in archaeology has, until recently, attempted to eliminate human error, indeed, the human experience from fieldwork. Though the experiences I had in Indiana and Kenya could not have been more different, the control and regulation in archaeological fieldwork attempts to minimize the importance of those differences.

Paleoindian Lifeways Of Paleoarchaic Peoples: A Faunal Analysis Of Early Occupations At North Creek Shelter, Utah, Bradley A. Newbold

Theses and Dissertations

Recent archaeological research within the American west, especially the Great Basin (e.g., Graf and Schmitt 2007), has perpetuated the notion of decreased residential mobility accompanied by increased diet breadth of hunter-gatherer groups during the Early Holocene. The earliest occupations at North Creek Shelter (NCS), a multicomponent site in south-central Utah, date to this time, specifically the Paleoarchaic (~10,000-9000 BP) and Early Archaic (~9000-7500 BP) periods. The zooarchaeological data from these levels were analyzed to determine whether Paleoarchaic occupations on the Colorado Plateau possessed greater residential mobility and narrower diet breadth than those of the Early Archaic, as they do in …

Residential Mobility Of Paleoarchaic And Early Archaic Occupants At North Creek Shelter (42ga5863): An Analysis Of Chipped Stone Artifacts, Mark L. Bodily

Theses and Dissertations

Early human activity in the arid west has been of interest for many researchers over the last century. However, relatively little is known about Paleoarchaic occupants of the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin because stratified Paleoarchaic sites in these regions are rare. Linked with the climatic Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene transition, the Paleoarchaic to Early Archaic transition has also captured interest in the central Great Basin with recent data coming out of Bonneville Estates Rockshelter—a site containing Pre-Archaic and Early Archaic components in eastern Nevada. These new data provide a model for testing differences in the chipped stone assemblage inferring changes …

Legacy - March 2009, South Carolina Institute Of Archaeology And Anthropology--University Of South Carolina

SCIAA Magazine - Legacy & PastWatch

Contents:

More Survey For Lucas Vázquez De Ayllón’s Lost Capitana.....p. 1
Director’s Note – SCIAA Projects.....p.2
Conference on Archaeology of Recent African American Past.....p. 7
Update of Recent Topper Site Research.....p. 8
Update of Santa Elena Research.....p. 14
ART Grants Given in 2009.....p. 16
SCIAA/ART Donors 2008-2009.....p. 18
Volunteer on Allendale Paleoamerican Expedition.....p. 20

Results Of Archeological Monitoring Of Spur 3, Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas 2000-2007, Barbara M. Meissner, Steve A. Tomka, Jennifer A. Thompson, Raymond P. Mauldin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report is the second volume in a two volume set (see Jackson et al. 2004) detailing the archeological work conducted at site 41NU2 over several years. This volume focuses on the results of construction monitoring associated with road improvements to Spur 3, in Corpus Christi. The work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit Number 2445, originally issued to Dr. Robert Hard, who served as the Principal Investigator during the early phases of the project. In 2001, the permit was transferred to Dr. Raymond P. Mauldin, who served as the Principal Investigator the remainder of the project.

Documentation Of Unassociated And Culturally Unidentifiable Funerary Objects In The U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers, Fort Worth District Collections Housed At The Texas Archeological Research Laboratory At The University Of Texas At Austin, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Cast, Bobby Gonzalez, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report concerns the documentation of unassociated Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) funerary objects from prehistoric sites at several man-made reservoirs operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District (COE) in northeastern Texas: Lake Wright Patman, Lake O’ the Pines, and Lake Sam Rayburn in the Sulphur River, Big Cypress Creek, and Angelina River basins, respectively. These NAGPRA materials are presently held at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL).

Documentation Of The Native American Ceramic Vessels From Northeastern Texas, Southern Arkansas, And Eastern Oklahoma In The Boyce Smith Museum In Troup, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Boyce Smith Museum opened in 1968 with the purpose of displaying a large collection of Historic artifacts as well as Native American artifacts collected and/or purchased over the years by Mr. Boyce Smith of Troup, Texas, now deceased. After learning of the museum in 2002, and taking a short visit to the museum at that time, it was apparent that the Boyce Smith Museum contained an important collection of Native American ceramic vessels that warranted documentation. With the permission of Jo Beth Smith, the wife of Boyce Smith, and their son Rial Smith, we returned to the Boyce Smith …

Caddo Pottery Vessels And Pipes From Sites In The Middle And Upper Sabine And Upper Neches River Basins, Smith And Wood Counties, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters, Shawn Marceaux, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents two collections of Caddo ceramic vessels and pipes from sites of prehistoric to early historic age in Smith and Wood counties, Texas, in the upper Sabine and upper Neches river basins in East Texas. Most of these Caddo artifacts are from the J. A. Walters collection, with the remainder being from the Bernie Ward collection.