Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Arts and Humanities (342)
- Social and Cultural Anthropology (342)
- Archaeological Anthropology (252)
- Sociology (199)
- History (192)
-
- International and Area Studies (105)
- Biological and Physical Anthropology (68)
- Philosophy (68)
- Environmental Studies (66)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (64)
- Geography (62)
- Linguistics (62)
- History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (61)
- Education (60)
- Political Science (53)
- Art and Design (51)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (51)
- Communication (50)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (47)
- Psychology (46)
- Religion (45)
- American Studies (43)
- United States History (43)
- Folklore (42)
- Sociology of Culture (42)
- Economics (41)
- Life Sciences (40)
- Other Anthropology (40)
- Institution
-
- Universitas Indonesia (56)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (46)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (34)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (33)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (26)
-
- Ateneo de Manila University (23)
- University of South Carolina (22)
- University of South Florida (22)
- University of Central Florida (21)
- University of Rhode Island (21)
- Binghamton University (19)
- Louisiana State University (19)
- Portland State University (19)
- University of Kentucky (19)
- College of the Holy Cross (18)
- Kennesaw State University (17)
- Syracuse University (17)
- University of New Mexico (16)
- Boise State University (15)
- American University in Cairo (13)
- Southern Methodist University (13)
- Trinity University (13)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (13)
- Brigham Young University - Hawaii (12)
- Central Washington University (12)
- University of Denver (12)
- West Chester University (12)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (11)
- Utah State University (11)
- California Institute of Integral Studies (10)
- Keyword
-
- Archaeology (67)
- Anthropology (41)
- COVID-19 (27)
- Texas (23)
- Gender (14)
-
- Pandemic (14)
- Bioarchaeology (13)
- Race (13)
- Caddo (12)
- Culture (12)
- History (12)
- Catholicism (11)
- College of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (11)
- Ethnography (11)
- GIS (11)
- Globalization (11)
- Migration (11)
- Obsidian (11)
- Identity (9)
- Indigenous (9)
- Pedagogy (9)
- Catholic Church (8)
- Catholics and Cultures (8)
- Forensic anthropology (8)
- Internet (8)
- Religion (8)
- South carolina (8)
- Sustainability (8)
- Africa (7)
- Digital religion (7)
- Publication
-
- Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State (32)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (26)
- International Review of Humanities Studies (25)
- Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations (23)
- Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya (21)
-
- Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints (19)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (17)
- Journal of Global Catholicism (17)
- Markets, Globalization & Development Review (16)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (15)
- Faculty & Staff Publications (15)
- Symposium of Student Scholars (14)
- Anthropology ETDs (13)
- BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers (13)
- Anthropology & Sociology Faculty Publications (12)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023 (12)
- Faculty Publications (12)
- Honors Theses (12)
- Pacific Studies (12)
- Publications and Research (12)
- Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications (11)
- LSU Master's Theses (11)
- Northeast Historical Archaeology (11)
- Open Educational Resources (11)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (11)
- Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers (10)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (10)
- Journal of Conscious Evolution (10)
- Midwest Social Sciences Journal (10)
- Theses and Dissertations (10)
- Publication Type
Articles 511 - 540 of 901
Full-Text Articles in Anthropology
Global Perspectives, Cecilia Salvi
Global Perspectives, Cecilia Salvi
Open Educational Resources
A syllabus for an introductory course in global studies.
Industrial Emission Patterns: A Study Of Two Refineries In Louisiana, Khanh Vu
Industrial Emission Patterns: A Study Of Two Refineries In Louisiana, Khanh Vu
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Environmental Psychology: Open Syllabus, Valkiria Duran-Narucki
Environmental Psychology: Open Syllabus, Valkiria Duran-Narucki
Open Educational Resources
This is a syllabus designed to work as a "frame" that you can use and populate together with students. The goal is to provide a perspective from environmental psychology.
The Inescapable Effects Of Discourse As Knowledge And Power: Refugee Youth’S Resistance To “The System” In Pursuit Of Higher Education, Fallon Puckett
The Inescapable Effects Of Discourse As Knowledge And Power: Refugee Youth’S Resistance To “The System” In Pursuit Of Higher Education, Fallon Puckett
Theses and Dissertations
Employing a Foucauldian inflected analytic framework, I examine how youth resettled in and around Unity, NC, ambivalently managed racializing discourses associated with being ‘refugee’ as they pursued access to higher education (HE). Like many scholars who are drawn to post-structuralist concepts, I understand ‘discourse’ to be a form of knowledge and power, which operates through institutions implicated in advancing forms of self-government. In my video-conferenced interviews with youth they revealed cogent interpretations of the many ways these different U.S. governmental (and some non-governmental) institutions operated in their lives as “the System.” In the particular case of refugee youth, they used …
Book Review Of The Money Museum Of The Deutsche Bundesbank By Sylvia Obst, Marshall Joseph Becker
Book Review Of The Money Museum Of The Deutsche Bundesbank By Sylvia Obst, Marshall Joseph Becker
Anthropology & Sociology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Mapping Staten Island: A Field Study Guide, Nerve Macaspac
Mapping Staten Island: A Field Study Guide, Nerve Macaspac
Open Educational Resources
This is a guide for the field study and urban lab as partial requirements for GEG 260 Urban Geography at CUNY College of Staten Island. The field study introduces students to spatial ethnography and offers an opportunity to observe, experience and examine a range of spatial urban phenomena that they have learned in the classroom within actually-existing urban environments. Designed as a collaborative activity, students will work in teams in exploring and examining the built environment on-site and then produce multimedia deliverables to capture their reflections throughout the field study using creative and experimental methods. The collaborative and experimental design …
“The Jesuit Mission Proves We Were Here”: The Case Of Eighteenth-Century Jesuit Missions Aiding Twenty-First Century Tribal Recognition, Andrew R. Beaupre
“The Jesuit Mission Proves We Were Here”: The Case Of Eighteenth-Century Jesuit Missions Aiding Twenty-First Century Tribal Recognition, Andrew R. Beaupre
Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Records indicate that during the French colonial period, Jesuits established four mission congregations within the territory now known as Vermont. These missions were established to preach to both French colonists and Native converts on Isle La Motte, on the Missisquoi River in Swanton, at Fort Saint-Frédéric on Lake Champlain, and in the area known as the Koas on the Connecticut River. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the Abenaki peoples of Vermont have had a long and difficult road to gain state and federal recognition. These descendant communities have invoked the existence of Jesuit missions to the Abenaki as proof …
“Our Languages Do Not Die, They Are Being Killed”: Indigenismo And Its Effects On Indigenous Language Revitalization, Nathalie Martinez
“Our Languages Do Not Die, They Are Being Killed”: Indigenismo And Its Effects On Indigenous Language Revitalization, Nathalie Martinez
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Language and identity are political acts that are inextricably linked to and rooted in socio-historical and socio-political events. Existing scholarship on identity-based social movements has yet to address language activism as a part of its theoretical framework. This paper seeks to consider the unique socio-historical context of indigenismo—an ideological wave coordinated by non-Indigenous groups seeking to define Indigenous identity—for the analysis of language activism within the field of social movement theory. Drawing from historical, ethnographic, and applied linguistic studies, this article examines indigenismo in Abiayala—the continental Western hemisphere commonly referred to as the Americas—to highlight the impact of the policies …
Preliminary Analysis Of Periosteal Reaction Of The Tibia In The Erie County Poorhouse Cemetery (1851-1913), Jordan Phillips
Preliminary Analysis Of Periosteal Reaction Of The Tibia In The Erie County Poorhouse Cemetery (1851-1913), Jordan Phillips
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Gender-based occupational differences during the height of the Industrial Revolution are particularly apparent when examining the risk of injury and disease. For Buffalo, NY, this was no exception, as it acted as an urban center that enticed numerous European immigrants seeking employment. This study investigates tibial periosteal reactions by sex and anatomical location from the Erie County Poorhouse Cemetery (1851-1913) to illuminate life in this historic era. The type and extent of reactions were scored, and these criteria were compared by side (e.g., left) and bone segment (e.g., proximal ⅓ of diaphysis) for each individual with tibia(e). Of the 181 …
Cannabis Capitalism In Colorado: An Ethnography Of Il/Legal Production And Consumption, Lia Berman
Cannabis Capitalism In Colorado: An Ethnography Of Il/Legal Production And Consumption, Lia Berman
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Coloradans have changed their fundamental views on illegal substances since the decriminalization of cannabis in Colorado. Since the legalization of medical cannabis in 2014, state-sold dispensary cannabis products have straddled the line between legal and illegal network systems in a hybridized “il/legal” market system, a term designed to be ambiguous of the formal and informal economies that it represents (Nordstrom 2007, xxvii). The cannabis commodity chain has proved both familiar and strange when it comes to its production, consumption, and distribution of a federally illegal substance. Colorado’s history as a pioneer in culture and legislature has been repeated with cannabis …
Upriver: The Turbulent Life And Times Of An Amazonian People By Michael F. Brown, Robert Wasserstrom
Upriver: The Turbulent Life And Times Of An Amazonian People By Michael F. Brown, Robert Wasserstrom
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
No abstract provided.
Chemical Mapping To Evaluate Post-Depositional Diagenesis Among The Earliest Ceramics In The Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, Wesley D. Stoner, Barry J. Shaulis
Chemical Mapping To Evaluate Post-Depositional Diagenesis Among The Earliest Ceramics In The Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, Wesley D. Stoner, Barry J. Shaulis
Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Chemical and mineral sourcing techniques are commonly employed in archaeology to reconstruct patterns of ceramic exchange and raw material procurement practices for the past, but the effects of post-depositional diagenesis are still often ignored despite a number of key studies warning that the composition of ceramics from archaeological deposits often diverges greatly from their original composition at the time of production. This current study on diagenesis derives from a large chemical and petrographic analysis of some of the earliest ceramics (1500-100 cal Before Common Era [BCE]) in the Basin of Mexico at a time when the development of ceramic trade …
Fictive Daughters And Sons, Celibate Priests And Nuns: How Religious Tongzhi And Clergy In Taiwan Navigate Familial Obligations, Gavin Fisher
Theses and Dissertations
Great progress for the rights of tongzhi(sexually and gender-nonconforming people) has occurred in Taiwan in the past two decades, culminating in the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2019. However, it is still not uncommon for parents to take their tongzhi son or daughter to see a spirit medium or psychiatrist in an attempt to ‘cure’ them of their same-sex attraction. In Confucian ideology, which is central to the culture of Taiwan, a filial son or daughter is one who marries heterosexually and produces progeny to continue the family line. Tongzhi who do not do so are therefore violating this …
An Analysis Of Ceramic Vessel Form And Function At The Pockoy Island Shell Rings, Catherine Garcia
An Analysis Of Ceramic Vessel Form And Function At The Pockoy Island Shell Rings, Catherine Garcia
Senior Theses
Four thousand years ago, Late Archaic peoples along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia accumulated mollusk shells into enormous, circular structures known as shell rings. The purpose of these rings has been a subject of archaeological debate for decades, with no clear consensus as to whether they are accidental accumulations of domestic refuse, or intentionally constructed landscape markers with ceremonial or symbolic meaning. This paper presents the results of a morphological and functional analysis of ceramic vessels excavated from the Pockoy Island Shell Rings, a double shell ring site located on the shore of Edisto Island, South Carolina, in …
Uprooting Medievalism: Ya And The Future Of Fantasy, Zoe Phillips
Uprooting Medievalism: Ya And The Future Of Fantasy, Zoe Phillips
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
This thesis looks at the development of the young adult neo-medieval fantasy genre, measuring famous works from the Medieval period against works such as Tolkien's, to examine the impact of female protagonists and female authors on the genre and readers alike as neo-medieval fantasy continues to gain in popularity. Works examined include: Beowulf, Lanval, Le Roman de Silence, The Hobbit, Uprooted, and The Hero and the Crown.
Media Effects On Cultural Perceptions As Seen In Food Media And Food Cultures, David Williams Tortolini
Media Effects On Cultural Perceptions As Seen In Food Media And Food Cultures, David Williams Tortolini
Institute for the Humanities Theses
Everyday people all over the world watch food media. These engagements happen through multiple media outlets -- both new and old -- such as documentaries, streaming platforms, and television. Through these outlets, viewers can immerse themselves in a group’s culinary culture from the comforts of their residences. What happens when viewers engage with these cultures has been fabricated for consumerism and hegemonic balancing. This thesis will examine and critique how these platforms have created conditions for a change in cultural definitions and representations. Audiences in the United States are shown these changes when they are shown a specific group's cultural …
Dietary Ecology Of Alaskan Polar Bears (Ursus Maritimus) Through Time And In Response To Arctic Climate Change, Ansley S. Petherick, Joshua D. Reuther, Scott J. Shirar, Shelby Anderson, Larisa R G Desantis
Dietary Ecology Of Alaskan Polar Bears (Ursus Maritimus) Through Time And In Response To Arctic Climate Change, Ansley S. Petherick, Joshua D. Reuther, Scott J. Shirar, Shelby Anderson, Larisa R G Desantis
Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Arctic climate change poses serious threats to polar bears (Ursus maritimus) as reduced sea ice makes seal prey inaccessible and marine ecosystems undergo bottom-up reorganization. Polar bears' elongated skulls and reduced molar dentition, as compared to their sister species the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), are adaptations associated with hunting seals on sea ice and a soft, lipid-rich diet of blubber and meat. With significant declines in sea ice, it is unclear if and how polar bears may be altering their diets. Clarifying polar bear dietary responses to changing climates, both today and in the past, is critical to proper conservation …
By And For Jewish Women Only: The Musical Film "The Heart That Sings", Celia E. Rothenberg
By And For Jewish Women Only: The Musical Film "The Heart That Sings", Celia E. Rothenberg
Journal of Religion & Film
The musical film, “The Heart that Sings” (2011), written and directed by Robin Saex Garbose, is part of a genre of films created by and for Orthodox Jewish women. Heart provides a case study that illustrates the depth and breadth of Lubavitch Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson’s (1902-1994) influence on Jews and Jewish life well beyond his own community members. Schneerson’s outreach work via his shlichim, or emissaries, to unobservant Jews is well-recognized. The extent and nuance of his influence on a broad cross-section of Jews, however, has yet to be fully traced. Heart tells its viewers that Jewish women …
"The Face Of The Agency": Interviews With Death Investigators In South Louisiana, Natalie H. King
"The Face Of The Agency": Interviews With Death Investigators In South Louisiana, Natalie H. King
LSU Master's Theses
According to the American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators, “the role of the medicolegal death investigator is to investigate any death that falls under the jurisdiction of the medical examiner or coroner, including all suspicious, violent, unexplained and unexpected deaths” (American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators [ABMDI], n.d.). As such, a death investigator has a job that is highly intense and stressful at a level similar to that of doctors, nurses, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and firefighters. The majority of the literature written about death investigators focuses on procedural issues, while there seemingly is a lack of literature focused on …
Sea-Level Rise And Settlement At Ta’Ab Nuk Na, Belize: Analyses Of Marine Sediment From The I-Line, 4m Transect, Conner B. Flynt
Sea-Level Rise And Settlement At Ta’Ab Nuk Na, Belize: Analyses Of Marine Sediment From The I-Line, 4m Transect, Conner B. Flynt
LSU Master's Theses
The ancient Maya of Mesoamerica created a culture with writing, religion, and vast trade networks. These trade networks are evident on the southern coast of Belize, where archaeologists have found sites dedicated to salt making. One of these sites, Ta’ab Nuk Na, was the subject of this thesis. Sediment and charcoal samples were collected from this site by the Underwater Maya Research Group led by Heather McKillop and E. Cory Sills. For my thesis research, I subjected these samples and components within them to loss-on ignition, radiometric dating, and microscopic analysis. Loss-on ignition was used to ascertain organic material percentage …
Catholics & Cultures As An Act Of Improvisation: A Response, Thomas M. Landy
Catholics & Cultures As An Act Of Improvisation: A Response, Thomas M. Landy
Journal of Global Catholicism
This essay responds to seven articles published in the same issue of the Journal of Global Catholicism on the use of Catholics & Cultures, a multimedia website, as a pedagogical resource for college classrooms. The site is deliberately presented in a fashion that undermines notions of center and periphery and presents Catholicism from a lay, lived-religion perspective as the multicultural faith that it is, minimizing reference to religious typologies. Particular attention is given to how to navigate tensions around theorizing, categorizing and sorting information for cross-cultural comparison. Given scholars’ current state of knowledge, writing about and teaching about global Catholicism …
Catholics & Cultures: A Panoramic View In Search Of Greater Understanding, Stephanie M. Wong
Catholics & Cultures: A Panoramic View In Search Of Greater Understanding, Stephanie M. Wong
Journal of Global Catholicism
While internet-based technologies can open up greater awareness of the world or create self-perpetuating echo-chambers, the Catholics & Cultures project aspires to do the former. Aiming to ‘widen the lens’ on the variety of Catholic communities and practices, the site delivers on this goal by introducing viewers to a vast array of articles, pictures and videos from around the world. The organization of the site by country and by certain key features of lived Catholicism offers some interpretive guidance. However, the project could be strengthened as a pedagogical resource if it were more extensively thematized and hosted reflections on potential …
The Value Of Online Resources: Reflections On Teaching An Introduction To Global Christianity, Hillary Kaell
The Value Of Online Resources: Reflections On Teaching An Introduction To Global Christianity, Hillary Kaell
Journal of Global Catholicism
Reflecting on my experience teaching Introduction to Global Christianity, this essay ponders questions at the heart of undergraduate teaching: How can we encourage students to utilize online sources? How can we empower them to seek out answers to their questions? It offers practical examples of how I have used the Catholics & Cultures website in my classroom at a large public university. In particular, I reflect on my experience working with students who are mostly of Catholic heritage, but from many cultural and social contexts.
Teaching Sexuality On The Catholics & Cultures Website: A Refreshing Turn Toward The Longue Durée, Marc Roscoe Loustau
Teaching Sexuality On The Catholics & Cultures Website: A Refreshing Turn Toward The Longue Durée, Marc Roscoe Loustau
Journal of Global Catholicism
I present a close reading of the Catholics & Cultures (C&C) website’s treatment of sexuality-related issues and discuss this material in relation to debates about how to teach sexuality in religious studies and theology classrooms. The C&C website occasionally and intermittently uses a typical “contemporary issues” approach that considers sexuality in relation to legal and legislative decisions and government policies. In contrast, country profiles consistently situate sexuality in relation processes like nation building, urbanization, and lay Catholics’ growing authority. My interpretation highlights the site’s decision to emphasize the longue durée, long-term and deep structural processes driving cultural and religious changes. …
Ritual Among The Scilohtac: Global Catholicism, The Nacirema, And Interfaith Studies, Anita Houck
Ritual Among The Scilohtac: Global Catholicism, The Nacirema, And Interfaith Studies, Anita Houck
Journal of Global Catholicism
More than six decades after its publication, Horace Miner’s 1956 article “Body Ritual among the Nacirema” remains a reliable pedagogical tool, remarkably successful in helping students see their own ethnocentric biases. Catholics & Cultures has potential to do similar work. The site lacks some of what makes Miner’s text so effective, in particular its capacity to bring about a sudden shift in perception. The site also shares some of the article’s limitations, particularly in focusing on ritual to the relative exclusion of other aspects of religion. That said, the site can help students gain the religious literacy and develop the …
Focus On The Busy Intersections Of Culture And Cultural Change, Laura Elder
Focus On The Busy Intersections Of Culture And Cultural Change, Laura Elder
Journal of Global Catholicism
The dynamics of religious resurgence reveal the important ways that religious ritual and performance are meaning making spaces which are not self-contained or cut off from the rest of culture, but rather are a key locus of cultural change. A renewed emphasis on the busy intersections of meaning making – as rituals are connected, disconnected, and reconnected to other domains of social life – would improve the utility of the Catholics & Cultures website for understanding global cultural change. And a renewed emphasis on cultural change would also provide a better means for exploring reflexively by seeking to understand both …
A Widened Angle Of View: Teaching Theology And Racial Embodiment, Mara Brecht
A Widened Angle Of View: Teaching Theology And Racial Embodiment, Mara Brecht
Journal of Global Catholicism
Today’s undergraduate students are digital natives, shaped by constant access to information and countless experiences of encountering the world through the convenience of a screen. The ostensible comfort students have with difference gives way to a paradox, and one that’s made especially apparent in the theology classroom: Students are comfortable with seeing difference and particularity at a distance, but not adept at locating difference and particularity “at home.” I contend that Catholics & Cultures can help students from the dominant culture—namely, white students who comprise the vast majority of Catholic college students—destabilize their notion of the Catholic tradition as tightly …
Introducing Catholics & Cultures: Ethnography, Encyclopedia, Cyborg, Mathew N. Schmalz
Introducing Catholics & Cultures: Ethnography, Encyclopedia, Cyborg, Mathew N. Schmalz
Journal of Global Catholicism
In introducing the Catholics & Cultures site and the articles in this special issue, this essay initially locates the overall Catholic & Cultures project within the traditions of ethnography and encyclopedia. Drawing extensively on the work of J. Z. Smith, this essay reflects upon the theoretical implications of emphasizing the diversity of Catholicism in and through a web-based platform that facilitates comparative study and pedagogy. This essay then more specifically considers the web-based aspects of Catholics & Cultures by identifying a nascent cyborgian aesthetic in the site and considering how the site might eventually engage post-modern themes and concerns.
Aspiring To “Make It Work”: Defining Resilience And Agency Amongst Hispanic Youth Living In Low-Income Neighborhoods, Sara Arias-Steele
Aspiring To “Make It Work”: Defining Resilience And Agency Amongst Hispanic Youth Living In Low-Income Neighborhoods, Sara Arias-Steele
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study explored how Hispanic youth (ages 13-21 years) living in low-income neighborhoods of Florida defined resiliency and expressed agency navigating personal challenges and neighborhood adversity in pursuit of success. From the standpoint of the participants, this study focused on how youths: 1) judge the quality of life in their neighborhoods and the opportunities available for them, 2) identify personal aspirations for themselves and 3) identify what resilient factors allowed them to face the challenges and barriers of their daily lives to pursue this aspiration. This study takes into account the structural barriers that create inequities to examine how personal …
Of Body And Mind: Bioarchaeological Analysis Of Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Century Anatomization And Institutionalization In Siena, Italy, Jacqueline M. Berger
Of Body And Mind: Bioarchaeological Analysis Of Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Century Anatomization And Institutionalization In Siena, Italy, Jacqueline M. Berger
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Institutional bioarchaeology is a growing sub-field within bioarchaeology, particularly social bioarchaeology as informed by the biocultural approach. However, the majority of studies in this vein have primarily addressed English-speaking contexts, to include analyses of institutional assemblages preserved archaeologically, and anatomical collections. The present study examines of the Siena Craniological Collection (SCC) - located in Siena, Italy. The collection was assembled between 1862-1931, and originally contained remains of 1,122 patients from both the general and mental hospitals in operation in Siena during this period (Brasili-Gualandi & Gualdi-Russo, 1989a). In addition to demographic analysis of the Siena Craniological Collection as a whole, …