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2014

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Articles 691 - 720 of 1069

Full-Text Articles in Anthropology

Introduction, E. Ann Smith Feb 2014

Introduction, E. Ann Smith

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Introduction to the 20th anniversary volume of Northeast Historical Archaeology.

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Averting Lemur Extinctions Amid Madagascar's Political Crisis, Christoph Schwitzer, Russell Mittermeier, Steig Johnson, Giuseppe Donati, Mitchell Irwin, Heather Peacock, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Josia Razafindramanana, Edward E. Louis, Lounes Chikhi, Ian C. Colquhoun, Jennifer Tinsman, Ranier Dolch, Marni Lafleur, Stephen Nash, Erik Patel, Blanchard Randrianambinina, Tove Rasolofoharivelo, Patricia C. Wright Feb 2014

Averting Lemur Extinctions Amid Madagascar's Political Crisis, Christoph Schwitzer, Russell Mittermeier, Steig Johnson, Giuseppe Donati, Mitchell Irwin, Heather Peacock, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Josia Razafindramanana, Edward E. Louis, Lounes Chikhi, Ian C. Colquhoun, Jennifer Tinsman, Ranier Dolch, Marni Lafleur, Stephen Nash, Erik Patel, Blanchard Randrianambinina, Tove Rasolofoharivelo, Patricia C. Wright

Anthropology Publications

The most threatened mammal group on Earth, Madagascar’s five endemic lemur families (lemurs are found nowhere else), represent more than 20% of the world’s primate species and 30% of family-level diversity. This combination of diversity and uniqueness is unmatched by any other country—remarkable considering that Madagascar is only 1.3 to 2.9% the size of the Neotropics, Africa, or Asia, the other three landmasses where nonhuman primates occur. But lemurs face extinction risks driven by human disturbance of forest habitats. We discuss these challenges and reasons for hope in light of site-specific, local actions proposed in an emergency conservation action plan.

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Interview With Kathy Proffitt (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Interview With Kathy Proffitt (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Oral Histories

Transcript of interview by Brent Björkman with Kathy Proffitt about her experience as a park ranger at Mammoth Cave National Park. In 2013, Kentucky Folklife Program Director Brent Björkman received the Archie Green Fellowship from the Library of Congress to look more intimately at the life stories of the working men and women employed by Mammoth Cave National Park. Part of Folklife Archives Project 1098 titled "Rangerlore: The Occupational Folklife of Parks."

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Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1999 (Fa 663), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1999 (Fa 663), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 663. This collection features information and documentation about the third annual Kentucky Folklife Festival held from September 16-18, 1998 in Frankfort, Kentucky. The festival was sponsored by the Kentucky Folklife Program, an inter-agency program of the Kentucky Historical Society and the Kentucky Arts Council agencies of the Education, Arts and Humanities Cabinet.

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Campbellsville College - Campbellsville, Kentucky - Vernacular Architecture Survey (Fa 771), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Campbellsville College - Campbellsville, Kentucky - Vernacular Architecture Survey (Fa 771), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 771. Survey sheets containing photographs and descriptive narratives about barns, cribs, and cabins chiefly in central and western Kentucky, although some examples were included from as far away as Connecticut.

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Policy Making In Welfare Reform, Misty May Wright, Dr. Donald Forsyth Feb 2014

Policy Making In Welfare Reform, Misty May Wright, Dr. Donald Forsyth

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper is to report the results of my study on policy-making in welfare reform. While interning at a special interest group for disability issues in Washington D. C., I conducted ethnographic research through ethnographic interviewing and participant observation. It was my intent to profile the culture of policy-makers, specifically in welfare reform, as part of a more extensive study to compare their culture to those affected by policy. I found that the primary markers of the policy-making culture are information exchange and meetings.

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Interview With Lewis Cutliff (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Interview With Lewis Cutliff (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Oral Histories

Transcript of interview by Brent Björkman with Lewis Cutliff about his experience as a park ranger at Mammoth Cave National Park. In 2013, Kentucky Folklife Program Director Brent Björkman received the Archie Green Fellowship from the Library of Congress to look more intimately at the life stories of the working men and women employed by Mammoth Cave National Park. Part of Folklife Archives Project 1098 titled "Rangerlore: The Occupational Folklife of Parks."

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Report On The Tullis Ranch Investigation, Margaret Parnell Grindstaff, Dr. Joel Janetski Feb 2014

Report On The Tullis Ranch Investigation, Margaret Parnell Grindstaff, Dr. Joel Janetski

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With the grant provided by the Office of Research and Creative activity, I was able to conduct a survey of the Tullis Ranch. The ranch is located northeast of Spring City, UT and is owned by Marta and Lamond Tullis. After purchasing the land in 1997, Dr. Tullis came upon an unusual circular structure, which appeared to be a dwelling of some kind. This grant provided the money to do two sample excavations in this dwelling. The purpose was to discover whether the structure had been built by early pioneer settlers in the Sanpete County or whether the structure predated …

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Genetics And History Surrounding Chachapoyas, Peru, Joel E. Myres Feb 2014

Genetics And History Surrounding Chachapoyas, Peru, Joel E. Myres

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Anthropologists studying human diversity and distribution have long recognized that humans are the recipients of two major informational systems; one cultural and the other biological. Both these components of human diversity are inherited by organisms, be they individuals or populations, across spatial and temporal realms, and retain the ability to influence the behavior or continuance of the organism in terms of fitness. Similarly, the biological record can reflect cultural processes or transitions, such as migrations or disease, much as ethnographic studies can identify elements of cultural adoption, such as ideas or practices. In as much as these elements of culture …

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The Maya Sculptor: An Epigraphic And Iconographic Study, Holly Sullivan Feb 2014

The Maya Sculptor: An Epigraphic And Iconographic Study, Holly Sullivan

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The existence of artistic authorship within ancient writing systems, though rare, is a significant diagnostic tool. Such signatures can illuminate social positions of artists and networks of artistic production. They also represent a unique genre of text outside of formal written language which can reveal aspects of the language never considered before. Recently, Mayan epigraphers have begun to ask if such a program of authorship existed among the Classic Maya. For my research project I undertook the collection and decipherment of 95 proposed signatures or “name-tags” on stelae and carved monuments from 23 sites in the Central Maya region of …

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Images Of Self: Constancy Amidst Social Change In India, Erika Gilroy Feb 2014

Images Of Self: Constancy Amidst Social Change In India, Erika Gilroy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Social changes currently taking place in India are primarily a result of the Indian government’s efforts to promote technological industries, introduce family planning programs, and provide greater educational opportunities to a larger number of its people. The major effects of these reforms are the movement of an increasing number of Indians from villages to cities in order to find employment, the shift from a dominantly agricultural society to one of urban industry, and the increasing number of Indians who seek, and for the first time are given, the opportunity for an education. While such reforms may be changing many of …

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Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1998 (Fa 662), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1998 (Fa 662), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 662. This collection features information and documentation of the second annual Kentucky Folklife Festival held from September 17-20, 1998 in Frankfort, Kentucky. The festival was sponsored by the Kentucky Folklife Program, an inter-agency program of the Kentucky Historical Society and the Kentucky Arts Council agencies of the Education, Arts, and Humanities Cabinet.

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Ancestor Worship Among The Ovahimba Of Namibia, Travis Slade Feb 2014

Ancestor Worship Among The Ovahimba Of Namibia, Travis Slade

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The OvaHimba tribe of Southwest Africa have a tradition of ancestor worship that extends back into the past when their ancestors made the long trek from the Horne of Africa into present day Namibia. This subgroup of the Herero tribe are pastoralists with limited horticulture of maize to subsidize their cattle products. These cattle are divided into secular and religious wealth. The religious wealth is inherited from father to eldest son. The religious inheritance of the OvaHimba is called the Oruzo. Oruzo is the religious aspect which I focused on in my studies of genealogy and ancestor worship among the …

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Origins Of Josiah Wedgwood's "Pearlware", George L. Miller Feb 2014

Origins Of Josiah Wedgwood's "Pearlware", George L. Miller

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Close inspection of the documentary record reveals that Josiah Wedgwood's "pearlware" was no more than his own version of a ware already being produced as early as 1775 by other Staffordshire potters. Wedgwood introduced a new name, Pearl White, to distinguish his product from that of his competitors, which they called China Glaze. This is an important revision to ceramic chronology because "pearlware" has been considered by most historical archaeologists as a firm 1779 terminus post quem for archaeological deposits. This new knowledge will force a reconsideration of many of the contexts in which so-called pearlware has been found.

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Analysis Of Faunal Remains From Queen Anne Square, Newport, Rhode Island, Timothy S. Young Feb 2014

Analysis Of Faunal Remains From Queen Anne Square, Newport, Rhode Island, Timothy S. Young

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Queen Anne Square, Newport, Rhode Island, is a northeastern coastal site. This report presents the results of the analysis of faunal remains from three features representing different 18th-century households. The data show a heavy dependence on domestic animals. All three features contain over 90% domestic animals by biomass. The site closely resembles southeastern sites in percentages of cow and pig MNI. It also resembles other northeastern sites, however, in its high percentage of caprine MNI. This is probably indicative of an intermediate dietary pattern. There are also differences among the features; these can be attributed either to the economic status …

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An Admirable Police Maintained: Evidence Of Sanitary Practices At The New Windsor Cantonment, Edward J. Lenik Feb 2014

An Admirable Police Maintained: Evidence Of Sanitary Practices At The New Windsor Cantonment, Edward J. Lenik

Northeast Historical Archaeology

An archaeological survey at the 1782-83 winter encampent of the Continental Army at New Windsor, New York, has revealed the presence of several large pits or depressions located some 250ft (76.2m) from the site of the soldiers' huts. Test excavations and chemcial analysis of the soils have determined that these pits were utilized as latrines or necessaries. The land use pattern at the site, including the location of the soldiers' huts and the delineation of use areas for trash disposal and necessaries, reflects the officers' successful attempt to impose order and discipline on the troops.

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Landfill And Health, A Municipal Concern Or, Telling It Like It Was, Joan H. Geismar Feb 2014

Landfill And Health, A Municipal Concern Or, Telling It Like It Was, Joan H. Geismar

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Land reclamation in port cities is a worldwide phenomenon that clearly represents economic considerations and, often, intensifying urbanization. Analysis of the fill matrix of two New York City sites suggests that the imposition of municipal controls may be one facet of the urbanizing process documented in the archaeological record. Differences between the fill from the 175 Water Street site, an East River block filled in the 18th century, and Site 1 of the Washington Street Urban Renewal Area adjacent to the Hudson River, an early 19th-century fill site, are best explained by the introduction of city ordinances to regulate land …

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The Use Of Opal Phytolith Analysis In A Comprehensive Environmental Study: An Example From 19th-Century Lowell, Massachusetts, William F. Fisher, Gerald K. Kelso Feb 2014

The Use Of Opal Phytolith Analysis In A Comprehensive Environmental Study: An Example From 19th-Century Lowell, Massachusetts, William F. Fisher, Gerald K. Kelso

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The value of opal phytolith analysis is demonstrated in a comprehensive environmental study of a historical site, the Kirk Street Agents' House, Lowell, Massachusett. A method to measure phytolith degradation percentages is tested and shown to yield similar results to pollen corrosion indices; further research on this new method is suggested, however. Fluctuations in two classes of grass phytoliths indicate changing environmental conditions that support and expand upon changes noted in the pollen spectra. The results of the phytolith analysis are integrated with information derived from documentary research, artifactual analysis, stratigraphic interpretation, and other ethnobotanical methods to arrive at conclusions …

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Archaeologically Defining The Earlier Garden Landscapes At Morven: Preliminary Results, Anne E. Yentsch, Naomi F. Miller, Barbara Paca, Dolores Piperno Feb 2014

Archaeologically Defining The Earlier Garden Landscapes At Morven: Preliminary Results, Anne E. Yentsch, Naomi F. Miller, Barbara Paca, Dolores Piperno

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The first phase of archaeology at Morven was designed to test the potential for further study of the early garden landscape at a ca. 1758 house in Princeton, New Jersey. The research included intensive botanical analysis using a variety of archaeobotanical framework. A study was also made of the garden's topography using map analysis combined with subsurface testing. Information on garden features related to the design of earlier garden surfaces suggests the ways in which the Stockton family manipulated their estate to convey a social image of the family to the local Princeton community. This, in turn, provides information that, …

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What Are Shoshone Knives?, Cindy A. Eccles Feb 2014

What Are Shoshone Knives?, Cindy A. Eccles

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This research project began in pursuit of three goals: (1) establishing the temporal and spatial distribution of distinctive stone blfaces labeled as “Shoshone” knives, (2) determining the function and range of morphological variability of these bifaces and (3) ascertaining whether the label “Shoshone” knives, which centers on ethnic affiliation, is appropriate. Use of this term also raises the issue of style versus function as a cause for the distinctive shape of this biface. Studying this element of the archaeological record will further our understanding of the little studied Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric eras.

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Transformations Of Comitancillo, Richard Lynn Paul Feb 2014

Transformations Of Comitancillo, Richard Lynn Paul

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A number of transformations have occurred through the centuries for all Mayan peoples. Some transformations affect only a single area of life while others are major transformations that affect several areas of Mayan lifestyle. These great displacements are turning points during which many cultural beliefs and practices are lost.

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An Exhibition On Casas Grandes At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Jeffrey Kent Romney Feb 2014

An Exhibition On Casas Grandes At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Jeffrey Kent Romney

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During the Fall of 1993 I submitted an application for a research grant through your office and received a $1,000 scholarship on December 9, 1993. My proposed project was to design an exhibition on Casas Grandes at the Museum of Peoples and Cultures here at BYU. The Museum holds a large collection of unique artifacts from this culture. The idea for an exhibit using this collection first carne to mind after doing some research on these collections during the Summer of 1993. Starting in January 1994, therefore, I began the process of research necessary to formulate the informative background for …

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Social Changes And Women’S Issues Of Coimbatore India, Dana Diana Bowen Feb 2014

Social Changes And Women’S Issues Of Coimbatore India, Dana Diana Bowen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I demonstrated in my application for The Research and Creative Work Scholarship last Fall semester that specific patterns of transition in women’s roles and statuses occur in evolving societies. Examples of this evolution were illustrated in the American, !Kung San, and Chinese societies. I further hypothesized that these same patterns of evolution are also occurring in India and possibly other countries.

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The Potential Applications Of Tooth Cement Increment Analysis In Historical Archaeology, David B. Landon Feb 2014

The Potential Applications Of Tooth Cement Increment Analysis In Historical Archaeology, David B. Landon

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The study of incremental structures in animal teeth is an analytical technique that is receiving increased attention from zooarchaeologists working in many parts of the world. The seasonal and annual cycles in the formation of tooth increments makes them ideal for determining the age of an animal when it was killed and the season of its death. This type of information can contribute significantly to interpretations of past animal husbandry practices. A sample of eight domestic animal teeth from the Wilkinson Backlot Site in dowtown Boston, Massachusetts, were studied in this fashion. Microscopic examination of the increment pattern of the …

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Skeletons In The Walls Of Old Québec, Jerome S. Cybulski Feb 2014

Skeletons In The Walls Of Old Québec, Jerome S. Cybulski

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Fifty human skeletons were discovered during a Canadian Parks Service project to repair the mid-18th-century fortification wall of Québec City. Laboratory analysis revealed 45 males, three or four females, and one child, a sex and age ratio virtually identical to that gleaned from diaries reporting the 1746-1747 deaths of Protestant Prisoners of war. Skulls and teeth showed a prevalence of Caucasoid traits. Long bones indicated statures taller than those documented for European-born contemporaries and more closely resembling those known for North American colonials. Dental health was poor throughout the series. Most men had lesions suggesting heavy loading stresses on the …

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Ceramics And The Sea Trade In Portsmouth, New Hampshire: 1765-1785, Aileen Button Agnew Feb 2014

Ceramics And The Sea Trade In Portsmouth, New Hampshire: 1765-1785, Aileen Button Agnew

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, is a small seaport with a long history of maritime trade. The Deer Street archaeological projects in Portsmouth have provided extensive information on different stages of the city's past. The excavation of a small cellar, filled ca. 1785, yielded a wealth of artifacts dating to the period 1765-1785. More than 5000 ceramic artifacts were recovered, providing the basis for an examination of the connection between the sea trade and the personal possessions of the inhabitants.

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The American Headquarters For The Battle Of Saratoga, David R. Starbuck Feb 2014

The American Headquarters For The Battle Of Saratoga, David R. Starbuck

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Two years of excavation have been conducted at the site of the American Headquarters for the Battle of Saratoga. Performed under the terms of a cooperative agreement between the National Park Service and Rensselar Polytechnic Institute, this survey effort has successfully located the foundation of the Ephraim Woodworth farmhouse, what appears to have been the Woodworth barn, a well that was behind the farmhouse, and a lengthy French drain that curved around the buildings on three sides. These features appear to be the only physical remains that have survived from the headquarters complex of General Horatio Gates, who occupied these …

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Anthrosols And The Analysis Of Archaeological Sites In A Plowed Context: The King's Reach Site, Dennis J. Pogue Feb 2014

Anthrosols And The Analysis Of Archaeological Sites In A Plowed Context: The King's Reach Site, Dennis J. Pogue

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeologists working in the Chesapeake region have been particularly active in using plowzone-derived artifacts for interpreting historic-period sites. More recently, the analysis of patterns in certain plowzone soil chemicals has developed as a significant complementary source of data, and over the last decade several sites, have been subjected to that type of study. An analysis of the distribution of soil chemicals at the King's Reach site (ca. 1690-1715) is presented as a case study in the use of the method. The pertinent literature on the subject is reviewed, and the King's Reach data are compared with those from several other …

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Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1997 (Fa 661), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1997 (Fa 661), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives project 661. This collection features information anf documentation about the first annual Kentucky Folklife Festival held from September 18-21, 1997 in Frankfort, Kentucky. The festival was sponsored by the Kentucky Folklife Program, an inter-agency program of the Kentucky Historical Society and the Kentucky Arts Council agencies of the Education, Arts and Humanities Cabinet.

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Highway 31-W Folklife Survey (Fa 660), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Highway 31-W Folklife Survey (Fa 660), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives project 660. This collection includes information and documentation of the Highway 31-W Folklife Survey conducted by folklorist Dale Johnson throughout the summer and fall of 1999. Sponsored by the Kentucky Arts Council, the West Kentucky Corporation, and Mammoth Cave National Park, the survey was undertaken to document folklore and traditions from the U.S. Highway 31-W corridor running from Louisville, Kentucky to the Tennessee state line near Franklin, Kentucky.

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