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2013

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Articles 331 - 360 of 1404

Full-Text Articles in Anthropology

An Investigation Of Ethnographic Musical Instruments For Presentation In A Public Exhibition, Christine Echols, Dr. Marti Lu Allen Sep 2013

An Investigation Of Ethnographic Musical Instruments For Presentation In A Public Exhibition, Christine Echols, Dr. Marti Lu Allen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I used my ORCA scholarship to study a significant group of ethnographic musical instruments that were held by the Museum of Art and the Museum of Peoples and Cultures at BYU. By research and study, I was able to address questions of patterns and commonalities in rituals that required music and the use of these instruments in various tribal and indigenous cultures. These results were presented in a public exhibition which opened at the Museum of Peoples and Cultures on May 14, 2005.

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The Kingdom Of Tonga And The Unwritten Order, Doug Farr Sep 2013

The Kingdom Of Tonga And The Unwritten Order, Doug Farr

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In this paper I will address the unwritten order that exists in the highly stratified society of the Kingdom of Tonga. The relationship between power and rank in Tonga has created informal laws that govern the people. These informal laws, as well as a struggle for power, have created a division between the elite class and the powerless class, and this division is generating an uprising of the powerless class. I argue that the powerless class may win independent battles against the informal laws, however they will not defeat it completely, as this system has proven to be a testing …

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Book Review: Massacre At Fort William Henry, By David R. Starbuck, 2002, Marshall Joseph Becker Sep 2013

Book Review: Massacre At Fort William Henry, By David R. Starbuck, 2002, Marshall Joseph Becker

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Book Review of Massacre at Fort William Henry, by David R. Starbuck 2002, University Press of New England, Hanover, New Hampshire. 148 pages, 83 illlus., $16.95 (paper)

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Review Essay: Reading The Reading Of Gender In Archaeology, Katherine Howlett Sep 2013

Review Essay: Reading The Reading Of Gender In Archaeology, Katherine Howlett

Northeast Historical Archaeology

A review of In Pursuit of Gender: Worldwide Archaeological Approaches edited by Sarah Milledge Nelson and Myriam Rosen-Ayalon, 2001 and of Gender and the Archaeology of Death edited by Bettina Arnold and Nancy L. Wicker, 2001.

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Addressing An Historic Preservation Dilemma: The Future Of Nineteenth-Century Farmstead Archaeology In The Northeast, Terry H. Klein, Sherene Baugher Sep 2013

Addressing An Historic Preservation Dilemma: The Future Of Nineteenth-Century Farmstead Archaeology In The Northeast, Terry H. Klein, Sherene Baugher

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This summary article identifies the goals of the volume and a framework for evaluating, interpreting, and preserving farmstead sites. The article also discusses how to apply this framework and mentions the roles of the government, academia, and the public.

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A System For Ranking The Research Potential Of 19th- And 20th- Century Farmstead Sites, George L. Miller, Terry H. Klein Sep 2013

A System For Ranking The Research Potential Of 19th- And 20th- Century Farmstead Sites, George L. Miller, Terry H. Klein

Northeast Historical Archaeology

There is a need to establish a systematic and objective process for evaluating the research potential of farmstead sites so that intelligent choices can be made in deciding which sites should be investigated and managed and which should not. We propose the use of a checklist of traits that measure a site's research potential. Each of the traits in the checklist is assigned a score based on its value in providing important data for analyzing a site. The proposed checklist is a tool for organizing our observations and permitting comparisons from one site to the next as well as one …

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Research Questions For The Archaeology Of Rural Places: Experiences From The Middle Atlantic, Wade Catts Sep 2013

Research Questions For The Archaeology Of Rural Places: Experiences From The Middle Atlantic, Wade Catts

Northeast Historical Archaeology

That some 19th-century farmsteads and other rural places have significance is generally conceded as true. Our problem as historical archaeologists is to develop research questions and directions that illuminate and explain to a broad audience the significance of the physical evidence of the sultures of agriculture in American history. This essay looks at some of the writings of early agricultural historians and draws on previous historical and archaeological farmstead studies in the Middle Atlantic region. Ideas about the success (or failure) of field approaches are presented, and suggestions for research directions that could serve as over-arching themes to tie the …

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Trying To Think Progressively About 19th-Century Farms, Mary C. Beaudry Sep 2013

Trying To Think Progressively About 19th-Century Farms, Mary C. Beaudry

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Recent excavations at a 19th-century estate manager's farm at Milton, South Uist, in the Western Isles of Scotland, prompt comparison with New England farms of the same era. Of particular interest is the material signature of the move toward "progressive farming" manifested through the construction of model farms and the introduction of industrially-inspired farm management practices and technological innovations. Comparisons drawn between the Hebriden case study, Milton Farm, and the Spencer-Peirce-Little Farm in Newbury Massachusetts.

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How The Past Becomes A Place: An Example From 19th-Century Maryland, Julia A. King Sep 2013

How The Past Becomes A Place: An Example From 19th-Century Maryland, Julia A. King

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper examines how certain landscapes were remade as places important in the collective memory in 19th-century America. Specifically, archaeological, documentary, and literary evidence are used to show how Susquehanna, a 19th-century tobacco and wheat farm in St. Mary's County, Maryland was reconfigured as a place important in the state's past. By imagining Susquehanna and the region in which it was located as a place in time, many upper and middle class Marylanders were able to reconcile the growing differences between the southern and northern parts of the state. The actions of these 19th-century men and women are not unrelated …

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The Archaeology Of Agriculture And Rural Life In Northern Delaware, 1800-1940, Lu Ann De Cunzo Sep 2013

The Archaeology Of Agriculture And Rural Life In Northern Delaware, 1800-1940, Lu Ann De Cunzo

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Like our colleagues across the Northeast, Delaware archaeologists have been challenged by the state's thousands of 19th- through 20th-century agricultural sites. They range from larger farms to small tenancies and laborers' dwellings; many remain at least partially extant, many others survive only below ground. This article introduces the character and diversity, continuity and transformations of 19th- through mid 20th-century Delaware agriculture and rural life, and archaeologists' contributions to our understanding of these phenomena. Narratives of selected agricultural properties and people from New Castle County's Upper Coastal Plain illustrate the approach and the knowledge it has produced, with special emphases on …

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Living On The Edge: Consumption And Class At The Keith Site, Maria O'Donovan, Lou Ann Wurst Sep 2013

Living On The Edge: Consumption And Class At The Keith Site, Maria O'Donovan, Lou Ann Wurst

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Ceramics from the Keith Site, a farmstead in upstate New York, are principally expensive, early nineteenth century table and tea vessels. Documentary evidence places the site occupation at the mid-century which is confirmed by TPQ dates. Moreover, the site's residents were lower class farmers and other artifact classes show little investment in consumption. These discrepancies become clear when we consider the high diversity of ceramic vessels, which we would expect if the site residents purchased older, cheaper vessels in "odd lots." Consumer choise models rest on ideologically loaded assumptions of free will and unlimited choice in the market place. The …

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Rethinking The Mengkom-Mixing Bowl: Salvage Archaeology At The Johannes Luyster House, A Dutch-American Farm, Gerard P. Scharfenberger, Richard F. Veit Sep 2013

Rethinking The Mengkom-Mixing Bowl: Salvage Archaeology At The Johannes Luyster House, A Dutch-American Farm, Gerard P. Scharfenberger, Richard F. Veit

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Salvage excavations at the Johannes Luyster Farm (28Mo261) revleade extensive archaeological depostis reflecting three centuries of life on a Dutch-American farm. These deposties, when taken in conjunction with the architecture of the house and surviving primary documents, provide a glimpse of the changing lifestyles of the Jersey Dutch during the 19th century. Although the Luysters maintained some aspects of their ethnic heritage, they also participated in many aspects of the larger society. Case studies of the individual sites such as this one are a first step towards understanding the interrelationships between national trends and their local manifestations. Furthermore, they highlight …

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Burning Down The House: The Archaeological Manifestation Of Fire On Historic Domestic Sites, Dena Doroszenko Sep 2013

Burning Down The House: The Archaeological Manifestation Of Fire On Historic Domestic Sites, Dena Doroszenko

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper examines the manifestation of fire as found archaeologically at two historic domestic sites in Ontario. Each site experienced a burning episode of varying significance in the property's history. Soil deposition, debris fields, heat alteration of artifacts, fire intensity, and types of fire debris are discussed.

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What Is It? Archaeological Evidence Of 19th-Century Agricultural Drainage Systems, Sherene Baugher Sep 2013

What Is It? Archaeological Evidence Of 19th-Century Agricultural Drainage Systems, Sherene Baugher

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Farm drainage was an integral part of the agricultural revloution of the 19th century- a tim during which farmers applied scientific practices to increase the productivity of their farms. As archaeologiests excavate larger portions of the 19th century farmsteads beyond the immediate area surrounding the farmhouse and barns, they will begin to uncover drainage systems more frequently. How do you know you have located a non-tile drainage system? What can drains actually tell you about the farmer and the farmstead? The goal of this paper is to help colleagues save time when working on farm sites by presenting a reference …

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Recovering Information Worth Knowing: Developing More Discriminating Approaches For Selecting Nineteenth-Century Rural Domestic Sites And Farmsteads, Karen D. Mccann, Robert L. Ewing Sep 2013

Recovering Information Worth Knowing: Developing More Discriminating Approaches For Selecting Nineteenth-Century Rural Domestic Sites And Farmsteads, Karen D. Mccann, Robert L. Ewing

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This article examines the difficulties faced by one state agency (NYSDOT) when the primary focus of a cultural resource survey program shifts from managing rare and clearly significant archaeological sites to a cultural resource survey program that addresses the more commonly found historical archaeological sites associated with mid to late 19th-century farmsteads and rural domestic sites. It encourages a critical review of cultural resource survey results in order to develop meaningful and effective selection criteria for deciding how limited public funds should be allocated for cultural resource surveys.

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The Archaeology Of 19th-Century Farmsteads: The Results Of A Workshop Held At The 1997 Annual Meeting Of The Council For Northeast Historical Archaeology, Terry H. Klein, George L. Miller, Mark Shaffer, Wade Catts, Mary Beaudry, Lu Ann De Cunzo, Dena Doroszenko Sep 2013

The Archaeology Of 19th-Century Farmsteads: The Results Of A Workshop Held At The 1997 Annual Meeting Of The Council For Northeast Historical Archaeology, Terry H. Klein, George L. Miller, Mark Shaffer, Wade Catts, Mary Beaudry, Lu Ann De Cunzo, Dena Doroszenko

Northeast Historical Archaeology

A workshop was held at the 1997 annual meeting of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology (CNEHA) to address the question "What do we do with 19th-century farmsteads in the Northeast?" The workshop involved several brainstorming sessions in which the participants examined topics and problems associated with current approaches to the archaeological investigation of farmstead sites. These brainstorming sessions examined questions such as: "What is a 19th-century farmstead?" "What are the research and public values of these sites?" "Which sites should be examined?" and "How should these sites be investigated?" The workshop ended with the development of an action agenda …

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Streamlining Research Planning, Data Collection And Archiving Using New Web-Enabled Tools, Andrew Arnott, Dr. Joseph Olsen Sep 2013

Streamlining Research Planning, Data Collection And Archiving Using New Web-Enabled Tools, Andrew Arnott, Dr. Joseph Olsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Collecting research data on human subjects can be time consuming and costly. The Internet provides a new channel to survey people so that collected data is automatically added to a dataset without any possibility of human error by a data entry person. The Internet also allows a researcher to survey people who are geographically distant and on such a scale as would be extremely costly or impossible using paper and pencil.

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Haynes, Autman "Carter" (Fa 757), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Sep 2013

Haynes, Autman "Carter" (Fa 757), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 757. Paper titled “A Contemporary Look at One of the Oldest Bridges in Kentucky” written by Autman “Carter” Haynes for a folk studies class at Western Kentucky University. Paper includes information about the Old Richardsville Road Bridge in Warren County, Kentucky.

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Timmons, Gregory Brandon, B. 1991 (Fa 761), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Sep 2013

Timmons, Gregory Brandon, B. 1991 (Fa 761), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 761. Paper titled “A Timmons Family Christmas” written by Gregory Brandon Timmons for a folk studies class at Western Kentucky University. The paper explores the Christmas traditions associated with the Timmons family of Louisville, Kentucky.

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Rivera, Michael, B. 1988 (Fa 766), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Sep 2013

Rivera, Michael, B. 1988 (Fa 766), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full text of paper (click on "Additional Files") for Folklife Archives Project 766. Paper titled “Beekeeping in Southern Kentucky” written by Michael Rivera for a folk studies class at Western Kentucky University. This paper explores the world and traditions associated with beekeeping in Allen County, Kentucky.

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Kuklinski, Whitney, B. 1987 (Fa 765), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Sep 2013

Kuklinski, Whitney, B. 1987 (Fa 765), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full text of paper (click on "Additional Files") for Folklife Archives Project 765. Paper titled “Understanding Servers as a Folk Group” written by Whitney Kuklinski for a folk studies class at Western Kentucky University. The paper focuses on Mariah’s Restaurant in downtown Bowling Green, Kentucky and the role that servers play within the food industry.

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Lobb, Dorothy (Willoughby) (Fa 764), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Sep 2013

Lobb, Dorothy (Willoughby) (Fa 764), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Paper titled “An Echo in the Mist” written by Dorothy Willoughby Lobb for a folk studies class at Western Kentucky University. The paper explores the Cherokee removal of 1838 and the connection of the movement with the Denham family. Photocopies of family photographs are included.

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Provenance Of Mortuary Hematite Artifacts At Petra, Jordan, Alvin D. Anderson, Dr. David Johnson Sep 2013

Provenance Of Mortuary Hematite Artifacts At Petra, Jordan, Alvin D. Anderson, Dr. David Johnson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During a BYU archaeological excavation of Nabatean tombs at Petra, Jordan, Dr. David Johnson discovered hematite nodules that, he claims, contain the carved images or figures of several deities. These effigies were possibly ceremonial objects that served to protect the dead.

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Geometry And Art In Syrian Pearl Inlaid Furniture, Amanda Larsen, Dr. Cynthia Finlayson Sep 2013

Geometry And Art In Syrian Pearl Inlaid Furniture, Amanda Larsen, Dr. Cynthia Finlayson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I used my ORCA grant to aid in my research of Syrian pearl inlaid furniture from the Ottoman era. The money paid for part of my plane ticket to Amman Jordan. From Amman, I accompanied Dr. Cynthia Finlayson to Damascus, Syria. I was with a small group of students. We each had separate research projects, but we also all were there to help with conservation, cataloging and display in the Azem Palace in Damascus.

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Ottoman And European Influence In The Ninteenth-Century Bridal Collection Of The Azem Palace, Damascus, Syria, Julianne Parker Sep 2013

Ottoman And European Influence In The Ninteenth-Century Bridal Collection Of The Azem Palace, Damascus, Syria, Julianne Parker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In 1829, Ottoman Emperor Mahmud II issued a proclamation mandating that all men under his rule must replace their traditional clothing with the “modern” European-style jacket and trousers.1 The interest and appeal of Europe had never been so publicly sanctioned in Ottoman history. The western influence was perhaps most greatly felt in outlying provinces like Damascus, whose government had long been semi-autonomous under local governors, including the Azem family, residents of the Azem Palace. As European entrepreneurs, statesmen, and tourists continued to visit Damascus, local Damascenes inevitably began to imitate these exotic foreigners. Fashion was one of the easiest ways …

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The Environmental Impact Of Culture: The Anasazi Farmers And The Anglo Farmers/Ranchers In Southeastern Utah, David N. Hanton, Dr. Ray T. Matheny Sep 2013

The Environmental Impact Of Culture: The Anasazi Farmers And The Anglo Farmers/Ranchers In Southeastern Utah, David N. Hanton, Dr. Ray T. Matheny

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the 1880’s the Texas cattle barons brought thousands of sheep and cattle to Utah to exploit its grasslands.1 Some of them made their way to Montezuma’s Canyon. The purpose of my research in Montezuma’s Canyon was to determine if there is a correlation between the commencement of farming and herding and the acceleration of erosion in the past 120 years.

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Introduction: The Archaeology Of Nineteenth-Century Farmsteads In Northeastern Canada And The United States, Sherene Baugher, Terry H. Klein Sep 2013

Introduction: The Archaeology Of Nineteenth-Century Farmsteads In Northeastern Canada And The United States, Sherene Baugher, Terry H. Klein

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This introduction to this joint volume discusses the importance of 19th century farmstead sites as discussed at the 1997 annual CNEHA meeting in Altoona, Pennsylvania. This meeting examined the current issues associated with the approach to archaeological investigations of 19th-century farmsteads.

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Pregnancy, Birth, And The Conceptualization Of Personhood Among The Asante Of Western Ghana, Rebekah Olsen, Dr. William Olsen Sep 2013

Pregnancy, Birth, And The Conceptualization Of Personhood Among The Asante Of Western Ghana, Rebekah Olsen, Dr. William Olsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Giving birth in Mampong, Ghana is a ritualized process of behavior involving not only the mother and her child, but also many different segments of society. Upon giving birth, a mother’s life will change considerably and her role in society will transform radically upon the safe delivery of her infant. She will become initiated into a new culture of motherhood and will have various decisions to make concerning the birth of her child. Throughout this project, I kept a double focus. First, I attempted to record some of the birthing options available to mothers in rural Ghana. Next, I also …

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The Effects Of Maternal Adrenalectomy On The Sexual Behavior Of Male Rat Offspring, David Eliason, Dr. Reuben W. Rhees Sep 2013

The Effects Of Maternal Adrenalectomy On The Sexual Behavior Of Male Rat Offspring, David Eliason, Dr. Reuben W. Rhees

Journal of Undergraduate Research

It has been shown that several structures in the mammalian brain exhibit differences between males and females. These variations are referred to as sexually dimorphic areas. In recent years, study of the brain has demonstrated the complex interconnections between the sexual behavior of individuals and the neurological functions of the brain. It is now considered appropriate to refer to the brain as a part of the reproductive system in reference to the determining factor it plays in development of the sexual organs and in regulating the behavior of the organism. The mammalian fetus originally possesses the potential to become either …

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Fashion Vs. Function In Cultural Evolution: The Case Of Dog Breed Popularity, Stefano Ghirlanda, Alberto Acerbi, Harold A. Herzog, James A. Serpell Sep 2013

Fashion Vs. Function In Cultural Evolution: The Case Of Dog Breed Popularity, Stefano Ghirlanda, Alberto Acerbi, Harold A. Herzog, James A. Serpell

Pets Collection

We investigate the relationship between characteristics of dog breeds and their popularity between years 1926 and 2005. We consider breed health, longevity, and behavioral qualities such as aggressiveness, trainability, and fearfulness. We show that a breed’s overall popularity, fluctuations in popularity, and rates of increase and decrease around popularity peaks show typically no correlation with these breed characteristics. One exception is the finding that more popular breeds tend to suffer from more inherited disorders. Our results support the hypothesis that dog breed popularity has been primarily determined by fashion rather than function.

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