Anthropology Commons^™

Trends In Poverty Rates Among Latinos In New York City And The United States, 1990 - 2011, Justine Calcagno

Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies

Introduction: This study examines demographic and socioeconomic factors regarding Latinos in New York City and the United States between 1990 and 2011 – particularly poverty rates.

Methods: Data on Latinos and other racial/ethnic groups were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, reorganized for public use by the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, IPUMSusa. Cases in the dataset were weighted and analyzed to produce population estimates.

Results: The analyzed data indicate that the poverty rate among the national population over the last two decades increased. However, there were nuanced and complex trends within both New York City …

Hypobaric Chamber Test Of Pacific Spaceflight Pressure Garment Mark I At Copenhagen University Hospital, Cameron M. Smith

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Pacific Spaceflight's first proof-of concept pressure garment, the Mark I (model Gagarin), was worn by a test subject in a pressure chamber to test stable maintenance of blood oxygenation, body temperature and suit pressure. While breathing normal air at a simulated altitude of 4,000m (c.13,000ft) the test subject's blood oxygenation was 90%, a figure expected for an altitude of 2,590m (8,500ft). The test subject's blood oxygenation climbed back to normal (96%-95%) as the hypobaric chamber was repressurized to sea level figures. The garment successfully maintained the test subject in the first half of the Blood Oxygenation Disassociation Range of …

Review Of High Altitude Aviation Preoxygenation / Denitrogenization Procedures And Draft Pressure Schedule For Open-Cockpit Balloon Flight To 65,000 Feet, Cameron M. Smith

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Aviation Decompression Sickness (DCS) is a well-known and well documented phenomenon in which a spectrum of physiological and cognitive symptoms result from aircrew exposures to altitudes greater than roughly 10,000 feet, where atmospheric pressures and the partial pressure of oxygen are significantly lower than the mean pressures in which the human body has evolved. The main factors involved in the likelihood of DCS are (a) exposure altitude, (b) exposure time at altitude, (c) preoxygenation / denitrogenization duration and procedure and (d) exercise at the exposure altitude. Mitigation of DCS is largely achieved by (a) preoxygenation / denitrogenization before flight, (b) …

The Clay Pipe Assemblage From An 18- And 19th-Century Aboriginal Consumer Site In The Upper Mid-Continent, C.S. "Paddy" Reid

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Four years of excavations at the multi-component Ballynacree site (DkKp-8), located at the mouth of the Winnipeg River in northwestern Ontario, uncovered a large number of fur trade artifacts spanning virtually the entire period from initial French contact to the end of the fur trade era in the late 19th century. The clay pipe assemblage serves as an example of some unusual aspects of a major aboriginal village site, as opposed to a fur trade post site, as the quantities, time ranges, and types of pipes are at variance with those expected from such a site.

The Pollen Record Formation Processes Of A Rural Cellar Fill: Identification Of The Captain Brown House, Concord, Massachusetts, Gerald K. Kelso, Alison D. Dwyer, Alan T. Synenki

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Captain David Brown was a major participant in the April 19, 1775 skirmish at the North Bridge, Concord, Massachusetts, and his house stood very close to the battlefield. Diary entries record that his house was dismantled in 1868 and that the filling of the cellar hole began on October 16th of the same year. Archaeologists uncovered the cellars of two houses on the David Brown property: one cellar fill contained only probable 18th-century artifacts; the second contained 18th- to mid-19th-century artifacts. Pollen data indicating that the second cellar hole was filled in the fall link that cellar hole to diary …

Status, Technology, And Rural Tradition In Western Pennsylvania: Excavations At The Shaeffer Farm Site, John Bedell, Michael Petraglia, Thomas Plummer

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological excavations have been performed at the Shaeffer Farm site (36AR410), a rural residence in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. Documentary research and archaeological investigations indicate that the site was mainly occupied in the 19th century, probably by the Shaeffer family during its earliest occupation phase, and later by tenants. The site consisted of a dry-laid stone foundation and artifacts dating from approximately 1830 until shortly after 1900. The artifacts included architectural, domestic, faunal, and personal items. The study provided information about the lives of rural middle- and lower-class residents in western Pennsylvania, focusing on the housing, diet, recreation, and social aspirations …

"A Succession Of Kaleidoscopic Pictures": Historical Archaeology At The Turner House, Salem, Massachusetts, Lorinda B.R. Goodwin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Although the House of Seven Gables Historic Site is principally associated with Nathaniel Hawthorne, the excavations at the Turner House site revealed a wealth of information about the Turner and Ingersoll families, who lived in the house later made famous by Hawthorne's novel. The rich array of documents contributes not only to the further understanding of the households that occupied the site, but also suggest the ways in which the surrounding community perceived the residents and their home through time. This article describes the excavations that took place on the site during the 1991 field season. The documentary evidence acts …

Is It Futile To Try And Be Useful? Historical Archaeology And The African-American Experience, Larry Mckee

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper considers the place of archaeology in the ongoing debate over the nature of slavery in the United States. The focus is on how the concerns of archaeologists intersect with the concerns of contemporary African Americans, especially in terms of the production and consumption of new information on plantation slavery. Although close links between archaeology and the African-American community should be promoted at every opportunity, archaeologists should avoid engagement with contemporary social agendas in carrying out research and in interpreting evidence. Archaeology's standing with academic and popular audiences can only be maintained by sticking with the discipline's essential mission: …

Caldwell County, Kentucky - Cultural Resource Survey (Fa 622), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

This collection features information and oral histories gathered from residents of Caldwell County, Kentucky collected for a cultural survey of the county.

Book Review: Pottery Works: Potteries Of New York State's Capital District And Upper Hudson Region By Warren F. Broderick And William Bouck, Paul R. Huey, Lois M. Feister

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Book Review: Pottery Works: Potteries of New York State's Capital District and Upper Hudson Region by Warren F. Broderick and William Bouck 1995, Dickinson University Press, Canbury, NJ, 285 pages, $59.50.

Book Review: The Archaeology Of Gender: Separating The Spheres In Urban America By Diana Dizerega Wall, Lorinda B. R. Goodwin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Book Review: The Archaeology of Gender: Separating the Spheres in Urban America by Diana diZerega Wall 1994, Plenum Press, New York. Foreword by Stanley South, 241 pages, 17 plates, 33 figures, 37 tables, 5 appendices, $37.50.

Battlefield Palynology: Reinterpretation Of British Earthworks, Saratoga National Historical Park, Stillwater, New York, Gerald K. Kelso, Dick Ping Hsu

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Pollen analysis was done on a core through a linear mound formerly identified as a 1777 British earthwork at Saratoga National Historical Park. Documents indicate that the British earthwork was built in a forest in a sparsely settled region. Pollen data record a 71-year reforestation sequence under the mound, indicating that it cannot be a Revolutionary War earthwork.

The Archaeology Of Provincial Officers' Huts At Crown Point State Historic Site, Charles L. Fisher

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological survey of the site of a proposed maintenance building at Crown Point State Historic Site located the remains of three historic structures, identified as temporary housing of 18th-century soldiers during the initial construction of the extensive British fortifications, which began in 1759. These archaeological features and associated objects are evidence of both the material conditions of the soldiers and the social relationships among them. The spatial organization of the encampement separated the Provincial regiments from the British regulars. Within a single Provincial regiment's camp, the officers' huts were separated from their troops. The small objects recovered archaeologically are viewed …

The Virginia Earthenwares Project: Characterizing 17th-Century Earthenwares By Electronic Image Analysis, Thomas E. Davidson

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This study employs electronic image analysis to characterize and identify 17th-century, Virginia-made earthenware ceramics. Digitized microscopic images of pottery from five different archaeologically discovered 17th-century production sites are examined, and the grain-size characteristics of the wares are reported. The potential of electronic image analysis as a tool for the study of archaeological ceramics is discussed.

Scratching The Surface: Seven Seasons At The Spencer-Pierce-Little Farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, Mary C. Beaudry

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Results of excavations conducted between 1986 and 1994 at the Spencer-Pierce-Little farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, are summarized and evaluated in light of the research questions that have guided the project to date. Under continuous occupation and cultivation from 1635 to the present, the site has that potential to contribute to many topics of interest to historical archaeologists working in New England and elsewhere, including questions about ideological and practical aspects of landscape and land use; changing agricultural practice and the effects of agricultural reform; farm tenancy; the archaeology of the household and homelot; relationships between urban and rural contexts in early …

The Cultural Whys Of Mental Retardation: Etiologies Among The Asante In Ghana, West Africa, Chelsea Shields, Dr. William C. Olsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During my time as an international student at the University of Ghana and volunteering at a school for mentally handicapped children, I uncovered a large lacuna in non-western mental retardation research and decided to return the next year as BYU’s Ghana Medical Anthropology field study facilitator. I desired to document and disclose Asante beliefs behind mental retardation under the hope that such awareness would lead to more positive treatment of handicapped individuals.

Sourcing Stone Tool Raw Materials From The Escalante Basin, Cady Waldrom, Dr. Joel C. Janetski

Journal of Undergraduate Research

An important aspect of the archaeological record is the stone tool technology that ancient people incorporated into their life. Different tools such as projectile points, bifaces, scrapers, drills and choppers enabled ancient people to perform necessary daily tasks. Raw materials for making stone tools consist of different types of rocks that are found in various formations and locations. Specific materials were favored among ancient people, and the ability to find where the sources being exploited are located will help archaeologists better understand the trade and interaction amidst formative peoples.

Distinguished Professor, Author To Speak, Tia Patsavas

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

New Book Fills Major Gap In Kenyan History, Kim Hill

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

Multispectral Analysis Of A Vatican Library Palimpsest, M. Bryan Wheeler, Dr. Gene Ware

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the Middle Ages, the cost of writing materials was so prohibitive that scholars often scraped the text from the parchment of a book and copied new writings over the old text. Centuries later, modern scholars often have more interest in the barely discernible, earlier texts. Multispectral approaches to image acquisition have shown promise in restoring the earlier texts. Presently, the primary need of multispectral analysis techniques is the development of effective post processing algorithms. Although many multispectral datasets have already been collected, there remains much work to be done in the image post processing realm.

Greenup County, Kentucky - Cultural Resource Survey (Fa 621), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 621. This collection features information and oral histories gathered from traditional artisans of Greenup County, Kentucky.

Mccreary County, Kentucky - Cultural Resource Survey (Fa 623), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 623. This collection features information and oral histories gathered from traditional artisans and musicians of McCreary County, Kentucky.

Na Isevu Sarau: The Function Of Ritual In A Fijian Village, Spencer Walsh, Dr. Julie Hartley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Ceremonial exchange plays a significant role in Fijian ritual and can be viewed as an activity that seeks to promote the health and prosperity of the community. An example of this is the annual ritual of the isevu sarau, or the offering of the first fruits of the tuberous sarau (plant similar to the yam). This ceremony takes place around the beginning of May each year throughout the Yasawa island group of Fiji when the sarau crop reaches maturity. I observed this ritual while conducting research at the village of Tamusua located on the southernmost end of Yasawa Island.

Historic Gravestone Fragments: A Collections Management Plan, Harley A. Erickson

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The author discusses the importance of historic gravestone fragments and presents a comprehensive management plan for their collection and maintenance. The plan is the culmination of a study of a large collection of fragments belonging to the City of Boston Historic Burying Grounds Initiative. Gravestones are important historical artifacts that must be preserved. An organized and manageable collection is crucial for research, and the proper handling, recording, and storage of gravestone fragments must be undertaken with care. The collection and conservation of fragments must be ongoing and should be a top priority of preservationists. It appears, however, that few policies …

Home Thoughts From Abroad: Some Observations On Contract Archaeology In England, James Symonds

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper was written following a recent visit by the author to the United States and Canada. It aims to provide a view of contemporary archaeological practice in England for North American readers and to draw comparisons between the working environment of field archaeologists on either side of the Atlantic. Reference is made to the relatively recent growth of commercial archaeology in England and to tensions that have emerged as a consequence of the re-structuring of the profession. It is argued that despite a substantial increase in the level of funding available from the private sector there has been little …

Editors' Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry, Ann-Eliza H. Lewis

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The editors give an introduction to the volume.

Owen County, Kentucky - Cultural Resource Survey (Fa 620), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 620. This collection features information and oral histories gathered from residents of Owen County, Kentucky.

The Himba’S Usage Of Botanical Resources For Medicinal Purposes, Megan Rae Petersen, Dr. David P. Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

How is one to maintain and preserve a dying culture? The Himba tribes of Namibia are facing such a crisis. Globalization continues to displace more and more their traditional way of life. The once deep-seated traditions of the ancestors are being replaced with drunkenness, the wearing of western attire, and mass exodus to the city in hopes of “a better” life. The knowledge that was once respected and honored is vanishing. Documentation seams to be the only form of preservation. Therefore, I headed to Africa to document the Himba’s dying art of healing. My journey began long before I set …

Fleming County, Kentucky Cultural Resource Survey (Fa 619), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 619. This collection features information gathered through oral histories and observation about the cultural resources in Fleming County, Kentucky.

Review Essay: Private Lives And Armory Practice: Artifacts And Armsmaking Reconsidered, Regina Lee Blaszczyk

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Review of Colt: The Making of an American Legend by William N. Hosley, Jr., 1996. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst and Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford. 254 pp., illustrations, and notes, $49.95 (cloth), $29.95 (paper); and Culture Change and the New Technology: An Archaeology of the Early American Industrial Era by Paul A. Shackel, 1996. Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology, series edited by Charles E. Orser, Jr. Plenum Press, NY. 217 pp., illustrations, appendix, bibliography, and notes, $37.50.