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Full-Text Articles in Anthropology
José María Panganiban’S “La Universidad De Manila” And The Liberal Campaign For Reforms In Philippine Higher Education, Javier Leonardo Rugeria
José María Panganiban’S “La Universidad De Manila” And The Liberal Campaign For Reforms In Philippine Higher Education, Javier Leonardo Rugeria
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Thisarticle examines José María Panganiban’s “La Universidad de Manila” columns in La Solidaridad and discusses their five salient points of criticism of the state of higher education at the Universidad de Santo Tomás in the late nineteenth century. In view of the existing historiography, it argues that Panganiban’s critique of the university, although born out of propaganda, finds empirical grounding in his years of study at Santo Tomás from 1882 to 1888. Lastly, it illustrates that Panganiban’s columns represented a wider, liberal campaign for reforms in Philippine higher education that took place in Madrid and Barcelona from 1888 to 1891.KEYWORDS: …
Beyond The Separation Of Church And State: Catholicism, Us Imperialism, And The Philippines In Recent Historiography, Jethro; Yale Calacday
Beyond The Separation Of Church And State: Catholicism, Us Imperialism, And The Philippines In Recent Historiography, Jethro; Yale Calacday
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Oliver Charbonneau’S Civilizational Imperatives: Americans, Moros, And The Colonial World, Review Author:; Cesar Suva
Oliver Charbonneau’S Civilizational Imperatives: Americans, Moros, And The Colonial World, Review Author:; Cesar Suva
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Bob Couttie’S Fool’S Gold: Fakes, Frauds, And Fallacies In Philippine History. Vol. 1., Review Author:; Francisco Jayme Paolo A. Guiang
Bob Couttie’S Fool’S Gold: Fakes, Frauds, And Fallacies In Philippine History. Vol. 1., Review Author:; Francisco Jayme Paolo A. Guiang
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Rene Alexander D. Orquiza’S Jr. Taste Of Control: Food And The Filipino Colonial Mentality Under American Rule, Review Author: Chua
Rene Alexander D. Orquiza’S Jr. Taste Of Control: Food And The Filipino Colonial Mentality Under American Rule, Review Author: Chua
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Editor's Introduction, Jr. Aguilar
Editor's Introduction, Jr. Aguilar
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Mathematics Embedded In Culture: The Weaves Of Batak Basketry, Ma. Louise De Las Peñas, Agnes D.; Garciano, Debbie Marie; Verzosa
Mathematics Embedded In Culture: The Weaves Of Batak Basketry, Ma. Louise De Las Peñas, Agnes D.; Garciano, Debbie Marie; Verzosa
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
A close look at the art of basket weaving of the Batak indigenous community in Palawan, Philippines, discloses the depth of mathematics present in the weaves of the baskets. Using white and black one-sided bamboo strips, Batak weavers are able to construct a basket of a given size that displays highly symmetric patterns. The presence of elaborate patterns in the baskets indicates masterful planning by the weaver and an inherent knowledge of algebraic and geometric principles even without formal training in mathematics.KEYWORDS: BATAK • BASKET • WEAVE • SYMMETRY • PATTERN
Dāniw Ancestors, Ritual, And Officiant As A Form Of Authority In Mangyan Patag Society (Southeast Mindoro), Elisabeth Luquin
Dāniw Ancestors, Ritual, And Officiant As A Form Of Authority In Mangyan Patag Society (Southeast Mindoro), Elisabeth Luquin
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
The Mangyan Patag in southeastern Mindoro encapsulate the relational nature of beings, such as humans, in the concept of ‘āpu, a polysemic term that designates ancestors in general. One type of ‘āpu is the dāniw, who, forming a pair (even number) in a relationship with humans, enables ritual officiants to enter the invisible world of spirits, restore a destructive situation, and maintain the continuity of society. When in a relationship with humans by odd numbers, ancestors called hiri’ enable officiants to kill for personal purposes. However, the personal power of hiri’ ancestors is subordinate to the authority of dāniw ancestors.KEYWORDS: …
Living Carriers In The East: Chinese Cargadores In Nineteenth-Century Manila, Jely A.; Galang
Living Carriers In The East: Chinese Cargadores In Nineteenth-Century Manila, Jely A.; Galang
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Although the history of the Chinese in the Philippines is generally well known, what has not been probed is the way working-class Chinese lived and conducted their trades amid restrictive colonial policies. Using previously unexplored archival materials, thisarticle examines the lives and circumstances of Chinese cargadores (stevedores and transporters) within the urban and commercial milieus of Manila during the nineteenth century. Chinese cargadores were regarded as highly dependable workers, but were treated, because of their ethnicity and numerical strength, as both marginal and dangerous, needing to be strictly regulated and disciplined by the Spanish colonial state.KEYWORDS: CHINESE • MANUAL LABORERS …
Escuela Náutica De Manila: Scientific Education In The Spanish Philippines, Philip Vergel Ay-Ad, Jr. Aguilar
Escuela Náutica De Manila: Scientific Education In The Spanish Philippines, Philip Vergel Ay-Ad, Jr. Aguilar
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Science education in the nineteenth-century Philippines has been portrayed as highly deficient, yet pockets of respectable scientific education existed. The Escuela Náutica de Manila, which opened in 1820, offered such an education. Thisarticle narrates its establishment and discusses its changing curricular offerings in relation to empire-wide initiatives and constraints internal to the Philippines. Its quality of scientific education can be glimpsed from reports related to three episodes: the earthquake in 1863; the planned closure of the school in the late 1880s; and the advent of American colonial rule in the early 1900s. This school survives as the Philippine Merchant Marine …
Arnisson Andre Ortega’S Neoliberalizing Spaces In The Philippines: Suburbanization, Transnational Migration, And Dispossession, Review Author: Arcilla
Arnisson Andre Ortega’S Neoliberalizing Spaces In The Philippines: Suburbanization, Transnational Migration, And Dispossession, Review Author: Arcilla
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Ethnographies Of Development And Globalization In The Philippines: Emergent Socialities And The Governing Of Precarity, Edited By Koki Seki, Review Author: Pante
Ethnographies Of Development And Globalization In The Philippines: Emergent Socialities And The Governing Of Precarity, Edited By Koki Seki, Review Author: Pante
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Ronald K. Edgerton’S American Datu: John J. Pershing And Counterinsurgency Warfare In The Muslim Philippines, 1899–1913, Review Author: Hawkins
Ronald K. Edgerton’S American Datu: John J. Pershing And Counterinsurgency Warfare In The Muslim Philippines, 1899–1913, Review Author: Hawkins
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Michael D. Pante’S A Capital City At The Margins: Quezon City And Urbanization In The Twentieth-Century Philippines, Review Author: Gomez Jr.
Michael D. Pante’S A Capital City At The Margins: Quezon City And Urbanization In The Twentieth-Century Philippines, Review Author: Gomez Jr.
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Beyond The Pathogen: Cultural Influences On The Impact Of Epidemics Viewed From History, Linda A. Newson
Beyond The Pathogen: Cultural Influences On The Impact Of Epidemics Viewed From History, Linda A. Newson
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
The paper reflects on the historical experience of epidemics in Latin America and the Philippines. It shows how cultural factors can affect the ability of societies to develop immunity and recover. It also shows how leadership can influence the way in which an epidemic and the health crisis is managed. As such, it argues that the impact of a single epidemic is unlikely to be the same throughout the world or even within one country. KEYWORDS: HISTORY OF EPIDEMICS • CULTURE AND DEMOGRAPHY • LEADERSHIP • LATIN AMERICA • PHILIPPINES
Aileen S. P. Baviera, 1959–2020, Janus Isaac; Nolasco
Aileen S. P. Baviera, 1959–2020, Janus Isaac; Nolasco
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
The Philippine Covidscape: Colonial Public Health Redux?, Warwick Anderson
The Philippine Covidscape: Colonial Public Health Redux?, Warwick Anderson
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Comparing historical perceptions of three epidemics in the Philippines and the responses they elicited allows us to see how these disease outbreaks were conceived in terms of configuration, whether ecological or sociological, and contamination. Cholera in 1902, influenza in 1918–1919, and Covid-19 in 2020 each open up revealing cross sections through Philippine social life, culture, and governance. Furthermore, simplistic assumptions of contamination or pollution—in contrast to more complexly structured configurational models—are correlated with coercive or militaristic reactions to pandemics, including social distancing, lockdowns, curfews, and suppression of dissent. KEYWORDS: MEDICINE • SCIENCE • HISTORY • CHOLERA • INFLUENZA • COVID-19
Covidscapes: The Pandemic In The Philippines, Filomeno V.; Aguilar Jr.
Covidscapes: The Pandemic In The Philippines, Filomeno V.; Aguilar Jr.
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
This introductory essay develops the notion of Covidscapes, taking a cue from Arjun Appadurai. Despite mutations, a single type of coronavirus has gone around the world causing the Covid-19 disease. Yet experiences with the pandemic have varied widely across and even within countries for reasons that go beyond the pathogen. The concept of Covidscapes captures the simultaneous sharing of a global phenomenon along with diversity and difference. Covidscapes are profoundly perspectival and disjunctive. State–societal factors suggest countries can have their own Covidscapes. The contributions in this issue shed light on the peculiar dynamics and contradictions of the Philippine Covidscape. KEYWORDS: …
Old Ways And New Fears: Bayanihan And Covid-19, Greg Bankoff
Old Ways And New Fears: Bayanihan And Covid-19, Greg Bankoff
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
In times of trouble, Filipinos traditionally turn to one another for help. This form of community assistance is popularly known as bayanihan. Historically, Filipinos have met the challenges of life in their perilous homeland, whether it be from natural or human causation, by working together. Except, apparently, it no longer does, and Filipinos are now told that the same properties that made their communities so resilient in the past have been transformed by the Covid-19 pandemic into their greatest vulnerability. Even the term bayanihan has been overtly redefined through legislation and government programs to reflect entirely different purposes. KEYWORDS: BAYANIHAN …
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) Outbreak In The Philippines In 2003, Gideon Lasco
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) Outbreak In The Philippines In 2003, Gideon Lasco
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
The global outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) dominated public discourse in the Philippines from March to May 2003. But, given the scale of its impact and the range of responses it elicited, it largely escaped documentation, likely owing to its abbreviated timeframe and the overall lack of scholarly attention to contemporary medical crises. Thisarticle reconstructs the “outbreak narrative” of SARS and the perceptions and practices that surrounded it. It discusses points of comparison between SARS and the Covid-19 pandemic, underscoring that many practices seen in both events are familiar, not exceptional, responses to health crises in the country. …
Preparedness, Agility, And The Philippine Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Early Phase In Comparative Southeast Asian Perspective, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr.
Preparedness, Agility, And The Philippine Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Early Phase In Comparative Southeast Asian Perspective, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr.
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Was the Philippines prepared for the Covid-19 pandemic? Did the government take early and effective action that can be characterized as strategically agile? Thisarticle answers these questions by reconstructing the chronology of the Philippine government’s response to the pandemic during the early phase. It focuses on three issues: virus importation (specifically the first Covid-19 case), testing, and contact tracing. The Philippine response is contrasted with those of Thailand and Vietnam, which, unlike the Philippines, have succeeded in lowering per capita mortality rate. Deficient in strategic agility, the Philippines failed to consider early on a scenario of extreme disease outbreak. KEYWORDS: …
Duterte’S Disciplinary Quarantine: How A Moral Dichotomy Was Constructed And Undermined, Wataru Kusaka
Duterte’S Disciplinary Quarantine: How A Moral Dichotomy Was Constructed And Undermined, Wataru Kusaka
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Thisarticle explores the characteristics of what I call Duterte’s “disciplinary quarantine,” which is premised on a moral dichotomy between “good citizens,” who abide by strict regulations, and undisciplined “evil others” (pasaway), who endanger the nation. Based on my family’s participant observation in Bohol, thisarticle also describes how Boholanos have undermined the moral dichotomy by embracing minor violations to endure the government’s protracted and rigid quarantine rules. I suggest that ideas about appropriate behaviors created through people’s mutuality and everyday trials and errors are more reliable than top-down “discipline” for a continual struggle against the pandemic. KEYWORDS: DISCIPLINE • MORAL DICHOTOMY …
Lisandro E. Claudio’S Jose Rizal: Liberalism And The Paradox Of Coloniality, Review Author: Thomas
Lisandro E. Claudio’S Jose Rizal: Liberalism And The Paradox Of Coloniality, Review Author: Thomas
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Takamichi Serizawa’S Writing History In America’S Shadow: Japan, The Philippines, And The Question Of Pan-Asianism, Review Author: Redison
Takamichi Serizawa’S Writing History In America’S Shadow: Japan, The Philippines, And The Question Of Pan-Asianism, Review Author: Redison
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Damon L. Woods’S The Myth Of The Barangay And Other Silenced Histories, Review Author: Nery
Damon L. Woods’S The Myth Of The Barangay And Other Silenced Histories, Review Author: Nery
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Benito J. Legarda Jr., 1926–2020, Francis; Department Navarro
Benito J. Legarda Jr., 1926–2020, Francis; Department Navarro
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Gilda Cordero-Fernando, 1932–2020, Fernando N.; Zialcita
Gilda Cordero-Fernando, 1932–2020, Fernando N.; Zialcita
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Parish Records And The History Of Philippine Epidemics, Peter Xenos
Parish Records And The History Of Philippine Epidemics, Peter Xenos
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
The Philippine epidemic experience suggests a research perspective that is attentive to local spatial variation and also recognizes connections across long periods of time, particularly across the Spanish and American colonial eras and the epidemic experience then and since. Among historical materials that need to be incorporated into the discourse and connected with evidence from modern, spatially disaggregated data systems are parish archival records of births, deaths, and marriages; households; and population changes. This research note outlines the Philippine parish records and presents illustrative results from twenty-eight parishes. Those records include local time series of deaths from which mortality crises, …
Care And Solidarity In The Time Of Covid-19: The Pandemic Experiences Of Filipinos In The Uk, Roderick Galam
Care And Solidarity In The Time Of Covid-19: The Pandemic Experiences Of Filipinos In The Uk, Roderick Galam
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Thisarticle provides a preliminary account of how the lives of UK-based Filipinos have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic using care and solidarity as lenses to make sense of their experiences. By undertaking an intersectional analysis, it demonstrates how Filipinos’ experiences have been significantly shaped by the fact of their being migrants, which folds racism into their experiences. Alongside race/ethnicity and citizenship/migration status, their relationship with or location in the labor market has also shaped the impact of the pandemic on their lives. It concludes with a reflection on the duty of states to care for migrants. KEYWORDS: COVID-19 PANDEMIC …
The Penalty Of Mobility In Manila During Periods Of Public Health Crises, Michael D. Pante
The Penalty Of Mobility In Manila During Periods Of Public Health Crises, Michael D. Pante
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
Mobility seems to impose a paradoxical penalty on individuals based in Metro Manila. Looking at the experiences of public health crises during the American colonial period and the present-day Covid-19 pandemic, this essay focuses on the inordinate restrictions on and blame assigned to the least mobile segments of the population despite the fact that such crises are aided by heightened mobility. Past and present disease outbreaks force us to acknowledge that our cities contain groups of people with varying levels of mobility, another form of social inequality that badly needs to be addressed. KEYWORDS: TRANSPORTATION • URBANIZATION • CITIES • …