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Articles 301 - 330 of 444
Full-Text Articles in Anthropology
The Virginia Earthenwares Project: Characterizing 17th-Century Earthenwares By Electronic Image Analysis, Thomas E. Davidson
The Virginia Earthenwares Project: Characterizing 17th-Century Earthenwares By Electronic Image Analysis, Thomas E. Davidson
Northeast Historical Archaeology
This study employs electronic image analysis to characterize and identify 17th-century, Virginia-made earthenware ceramics. Digitized microscopic images of pottery from five different archaeologically discovered 17th-century production sites are examined, and the grain-size characteristics of the wares are reported. The potential of electronic image analysis as a tool for the study of archaeological ceramics is discussed.
Scratching The Surface: Seven Seasons At The Spencer-Pierce-Little Farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, Mary C. Beaudry
Scratching The Surface: Seven Seasons At The Spencer-Pierce-Little Farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, Mary C. Beaudry
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Results of excavations conducted between 1986 and 1994 at the Spencer-Pierce-Little farm, Newbury, Massachusetts, are summarized and evaluated in light of the research questions that have guided the project to date. Under continuous occupation and cultivation from 1635 to the present, the site has that potential to contribute to many topics of interest to historical archaeologists working in New England and elsewhere, including questions about ideological and practical aspects of landscape and land use; changing agricultural practice and the effects of agricultural reform; farm tenancy; the archaeology of the household and homelot; relationships between urban and rural contexts in early …
Historic Gravestone Fragments: A Collections Management Plan, Harley A. Erickson
Historic Gravestone Fragments: A Collections Management Plan, Harley A. Erickson
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The author discusses the importance of historic gravestone fragments and presents a comprehensive management plan for their collection and maintenance. The plan is the culmination of a study of a large collection of fragments belonging to the City of Boston Historic Burying Grounds Initiative. Gravestones are important historical artifacts that must be preserved. An organized and manageable collection is crucial for research, and the proper handling, recording, and storage of gravestone fragments must be undertaken with care. The collection and conservation of fragments must be ongoing and should be a top priority of preservationists. It appears, however, that few policies …
Home Thoughts From Abroad: Some Observations On Contract Archaeology In England, James Symonds
Home Thoughts From Abroad: Some Observations On Contract Archaeology In England, James Symonds
Northeast Historical Archaeology
This paper was written following a recent visit by the author to the United States and Canada. It aims to provide a view of contemporary archaeological practice in England for North American readers and to draw comparisons between the working environment of field archaeologists on either side of the Atlantic. Reference is made to the relatively recent growth of commercial archaeology in England and to tensions that have emerged as a consequence of the re-structuring of the profession. It is argued that despite a substantial increase in the level of funding available from the private sector there has been little …
Editors' Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry, Ann-Eliza H. Lewis
Editors' Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry, Ann-Eliza H. Lewis
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The editors give an introduction to the volume.
Review Essay: Private Lives And Armory Practice: Artifacts And Armsmaking Reconsidered, Regina Lee Blaszczyk
Review Essay: Private Lives And Armory Practice: Artifacts And Armsmaking Reconsidered, Regina Lee Blaszczyk
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Review of Colt: The Making of an American Legend by William N. Hosley, Jr., 1996. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst and Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford. 254 pp., illustrations, and notes, $49.95 (cloth), $29.95 (paper); and Culture Change and the New Technology: An Archaeology of the Early American Industrial Era by Paul A. Shackel, 1996. Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology, series edited by Charles E. Orser, Jr. Plenum Press, NY. 217 pp., illustrations, appendix, bibliography, and notes, $37.50.
Geophysical Exploration In The U.S. National Parks, Bruce Bevan
Geophysical Exploration In The U.S. National Parks, Bruce Bevan
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Results from several dozen geophysical surveys at national parks in the United States are summarized here. Illustrations from both succesfful and unsuccessful surveys show the advantages and limitations of geophysical exploration. Ground-penetrating radar and magnetometer surveys have been particularly suitable at sites on the coastal plain of the eastern U.S. While filled cellars can be quite easy to locate, a thinner scatter of rubble from a structure can be difficult to isolate. Cities provide almost impossible conditions for the success of a survey. Accumulations of debris in pits can be located, but privies and wells appear to be more difficult …
18th- And Early 19th-Century Brickmaking At The John Jay Homestead: The Process, Products, And Craftsmen, Lois M. Feister, Joseph S. Sopko
18th- And Early 19th-Century Brickmaking At The John Jay Homestead: The Process, Products, And Craftsmen, Lois M. Feister, Joseph S. Sopko
Northeast Historical Archaeology
On-site brick kilns were established routinely for construction projects at non-urban sites in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Archaeological excavations at the brick lot at the John Jay Homestead State Historic Site revealed features relating to the manufacture of a brick. Documentary and scientific research revealed information about the brickmakers and established a baseline for the identification of brick sources from three different areas of New York State. Comparisons between brickmakers at the Jay and Schuyler houses and between brickmakers and other craftsmen are discussed here.
"A Ray Of Sunshine In The Sickroom": Archaeological Insights Into Late 19th- And Early 20th-Century Medicine And Anesthesia, Richard Veit
"A Ray Of Sunshine In The Sickroom": Archaeological Insights Into Late 19th- And Early 20th-Century Medicine And Anesthesia, Richard Veit
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Archaeological excavation of a stone-lined feature dating to the late 19th- or early 20th-century in New Brunswick, New Jersey, retrieved a substantial quantity of discarded medical equipment. Artifacts recovered from the feature included syringes, thermometers, test tubes, and scalpels. These remains, associated with the tenure of two prominent physicians, provide an avenue for inquiry into late 19th-century medical practices.
Historic Cemeteries As Contested Grounds, Paul A. Robinson
Historic Cemeteries As Contested Grounds, Paul A. Robinson
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The author comments on the articles "This Church is for the Livinig": An Assessment of Archaeological Standards for the Removal of Cemeteries in Rhode Island and Massachusetts by James Garman and "Where Angels Fear to Tread": Cemetery Preservation Efforts by the Massachusetts Historical Commission by Edward Bell.
"Where Angels Fear To Tread": Cemetery Preservation Efforts By The Massachusetts Historical Commission, Edward L. Bell
"Where Angels Fear To Tread": Cemetery Preservation Efforts By The Massachusetts Historical Commission, Edward L. Bell
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Professional archaeologists assist in the preservation of historical cemeteries that may be impacted by private or public projects. While historical cememtery preservation efforts in Massachusetts are strong, current laws are not effective in compelling archaeological intervention in all cases. Despite the problematic legal situation, the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) has successfully advocated for preservation standards. In the case of the Harwich United Methodist Church (HUMC) Expansion Project, however, the proponents were unable and unwilling to comply fully with MHC's recommendations to mitigate unavoidable impacts to graves through systematic archaeological data recovery. Archaeological survey identified both marked and unmarked graves in …
"This Church Is For The Living": An Assessment Of Archaeological Standards For The Removal Of Cemeteries In Rhode Island And Massachusetts, James Garman
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Legislation in both Rhode Island and Massachusetts sets standards for the removal of European-American cemeteries and the reinterment of human remains. In both states, some degree of archaeological investigation short of excavation is usually required. This paper compares the two bodies of legislation, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of both systems. The focus then turns to two recent cemetery case studies, one at the site of a new school in Westerly, Rhode Island, and one at a church in Harwich, Massachusetts. The final section of the paper raises questions concerning the gaps between the intent of legislation and archaeological practice. …
Editor's Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry
Editor's Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Editor's introduction to the volume.
Book Review: Looking For Leads: Shipwrecks Of The Past Revealed By Contemporary Documents And The Archaeological Record By Christian Ahlstrom, Stefan H. Claesson
Book Review: Looking For Leads: Shipwrecks Of The Past Revealed By Contemporary Documents And The Archaeological Record By Christian Ahlstrom, Stefan H. Claesson
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Book Review: Looking for Leads: Shipwrecks of the Past Revealed by Contemporary Documents and the Archaeological Record by Christian Ahlstrom, 1997, The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, Helsinki. 238 pages, 57 figures, 16 tables, 1 appendix, no price given.
Book Review: The Archaeology Of Wealth: Consumer Behavior In English America By James G. Gibb, Elizabeth Pena
Book Review: The Archaeology Of Wealth: Consumer Behavior In English America By James G. Gibb, Elizabeth Pena
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Book Review: The Archaeology of Wealth: Consumer Behavior in English America by James G. Gibb, 1996, Plenum Press, New York. Foreword by Halcott P. Green and Stanley South, 283 pages, $49.50 (cloth).
Considering Colonoware From The Barnes Plantation: A Proposed Colonoware Typology For Northern Virginia Colonial Sites, Andrew S. Veech
Considering Colonoware From The Barnes Plantation: A Proposed Colonoware Typology For Northern Virginia Colonial Sites, Andrew S. Veech
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Colonoware vessels and vessel fragments have been recovered from numerous colonial and antebellum sites in Virginia, and the number of newly reported sites increases with each excavation season. What this growing corpus of Virginia colonoware presently requires, however, is an adequate, standardized typology for pottery classification, at both site-specific and regional scales. Here, the colonoware typology designed during analysis of collections from the Barnes Plantation (44FX1326), a mid-18th century tobacco plantation in Fairfax County, Virginia, is explained and offered for use elsewhere. Colonware sherds from contemporaneous northern Virginia plantation sites exhibit many of the same charcteristics as those found at …
Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Celluloid) In Archaeological Assemblages: Identification And Care, Megan E. Springate
Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Celluloid) In Archaeological Assemblages: Identification And Care, Megan E. Springate
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Invented in the mid-19th century, cellulose nitrate is commonly regarded as the earliest synthetic polymer or plastic. As increasing numbers of historical sites dating from the mid-1800s are excavated, cellulose nitrate objects are more frequently found in archaeological assemblages. The inherent instability of cellulose nitrate makes proper handling, storage, and display conditions vital to the longevity of recovered objects. In this paper, the composition, manufacture, and means of identifying cellulose nitrate are summarized. The processes of degradation and means of slowing those processes are elaborated, as well.
A Preliminary Report On The Excavation Of A 19th-Century Derelict Vessel In Cape Neddick, Maine: The Southern New Jersey Coasting Schooner Annabella, Stefan H. Claesson
A Preliminary Report On The Excavation Of A 19th-Century Derelict Vessel In Cape Neddick, Maine: The Southern New Jersey Coasting Schooner Annabella, Stefan H. Claesson
Northeast Historical Archaeology
In 1995, the Insistute of Maritime History conducted the archaeological investigation of a 19th-century coasting schooner, Annabella, in Cape Neddick, Maine. This type of craft, though ubiquitous on the eastern seaboard in the 19th century, has not been documented in an archaeological setting to date in New England. Maine played a pivotal role in America's economy, supplying the southern states and Caribbean Islands with a seemingly inexhaustible supply of raw materials such as timber, stone, ice, lime, and agricultural goods. This vessel was primarily involved in the transportation of cordwood along the east coast of the United States. Its heavily-built, …
"Promiscuous Smoking": Interpreting Gender And Tobacco Use In The Archaeological Record, Lauren J. Cook
"Promiscuous Smoking": Interpreting Gender And Tobacco Use In The Archaeological Record, Lauren J. Cook
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Viewed as a social act, tobacco use is a rich area for archaeological inquiry. The act of tobacco consumption has historically conveyed meaning, communicating self-perceptions of class, ethnicity, and gender roles. Tobacco consumption has also resulted in the use and discard of material culture, often in large quantities, making it of particular interest to archaeologists. The examination of tobacco use as a field for the negotiation of gender roles in the late 19th and early 20th centuries provides an excellent basis for a critical examination of an "archaeology of gender." The constellation of meanings surrounding actions and motivations that emerges …
Anatomy Of An Almshouse Complex, Sherene Baugher, Edward J. Lenik
Anatomy Of An Almshouse Complex, Sherene Baugher, Edward J. Lenik
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The focus of this paper is to determine the age and function of a partial building foundation uncovered during archaeological testing in City Hall Park, New York City. The authors use evidence from historical maps, prints, and documents, as well as archaeological evidence, to determine the function of the building. The evidence suggests that the foundation is an outbuilding that was part of an 18th-century colonial almshouse complex. The foundation appears to be the remains of the almshouse kitchen.
Editor's Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry
Editor's Introduction, Mary C. Beaudry
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The introduction to the volume by the editor.
Book Review: The Great Warpath: British Military Sites From Albany To Crown Point By David Starbuck, Charles L. Fisher
Book Review: The Great Warpath: British Military Sites From Albany To Crown Point By David Starbuck, Charles L. Fisher
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Book Review: The Great Warpath: British Military Sites from Albany to Crown Point by David Starbuck, 1999, University Press of New England, Hanover, NH, 224 pages, 100 illus., 50 figs., $19.95 (paper).
Book Review: Maritime Archaeology: A Reader Of Substantive And Theoretical Contributions Edited By Lawrence E. Babits And Hans Van Tilburg, David J. Stewart
Book Review: Maritime Archaeology: A Reader Of Substantive And Theoretical Contributions Edited By Lawrence E. Babits And Hans Van Tilburg, David J. Stewart
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Book Review: Maritime Archaeology: A Reader of Substantive and Theoretical Contributions edited by Lawrence E. Babits and Hans Van Tilburg 1998, The Plenum Series in Underwater Archaeology, Plenum Press, New York and London, 590 pages, 87 illus., $49.50 (paper).
A Recreation To Great Persons: Bowling In Colonial Boston, Ann-Eliza Lewis
A Recreation To Great Persons: Bowling In Colonial Boston, Ann-Eliza Lewis
Northeast Historical Archaeology
In 1994 archaeologists working in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, recovered what turned out to be the oldest lawn bowling ball in the New World. This research note is the result of the unexpected public interest in this artifact. The lawn ball belonged to the household of Katherine Nanny Naylor, a wealthy resident of 17th-century Boston. The lawn ball became a starting point for a small research project on the history of bowling in the New World and Puritan attitudes towards recreation in general and bowling in particular. This note opens a discusion of the tension between the need to relax and …
Domestic Masonry Architecture In 17th-Century Virginia, David A. Brown
Domestic Masonry Architecture In 17th-Century Virginia, David A. Brown
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The focus of this study is to provide an easily accessible source of information on domestic masonry architecture in 17th-century Virginia. This includes buildings constructed entirely of brick or stone as well as framed structures, brick enders, and homes with brick-nogged walls. The few surviving examples of these buildings do not adequately represent the period and, until recently, literature pertaining to this subject has either been inaccurate or has concentrated far too heavily on a limited number of structures. Through research in the fields of history, historical archaeology, and architectural history, at least 24 structures have been found dating to …
Exploratory Pollen Analysis Of The Ditch Of The 1665 Turf Fort, Jamestown, Virginia, Gerald K. Kelso, Audrey J. Horning, Andrew C. Edwards, Marley R. Brown Iii, Martha W. Mccarthy
Exploratory Pollen Analysis Of The Ditch Of The 1665 Turf Fort, Jamestown, Virginia, Gerald K. Kelso, Audrey J. Horning, Andrew C. Edwards, Marley R. Brown Iii, Martha W. Mccarthy
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Pollen analysis of subsoil, slopewash, episodic fill, plowzone, and archaeological backdirt deposits in a core from a ditch associated with the 1665 Turf (earthwork) Fort at Jamestown, Virginia, record bare, slightly weedy local conditions around 17th-century artisan dwellings on the Jamestown waterfront and register the Virginia forest in the background before construction of the fort. Goosefoot dominated the earthwork slope; close relatives of the goldenrods were initially the most prominent plants in the open-ditch period. Pollen percolation rates adjusted for plowing and applied to ragweed-type (Ambrosia-type) percentages suggest that cultivation over the ditch began ca. 1729. Cultural matrix depostition, slopewash, …
Historical Skeletal Remains From Dundas County, Ontario: A Cautionary Tale Concerning Individual Identification, Lynda Wood, Janet Young
Historical Skeletal Remains From Dundas County, Ontario: A Cautionary Tale Concerning Individual Identification, Lynda Wood, Janet Young
Northeast Historical Archaeology
A single burial dating to the historic period was unexpectedly discovered on a farm in rural Dundas County, Ontario. Based on a preliminary investigation, the remains were believed to be those of Margaret Ellen Bellway, an 8-year-old girl who lived on the property and who died in the year 1881. The objectives of this article are to demonstrate that establishing individual identification of historical remains is possible, to demonstrate the importance of exploring all relevant avenues of research prior to finalizing individual identification, and to demonstrate the means by which this is done. Skeletal analysis of the remains indicated a …
Worked Ballast Flint At Aptucxet, Barbara E. Luedtke
Worked Ballast Flint At Aptucxet, Barbara E. Luedtke
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The gunflint industry of western Europe represents an extraordinary revival of the art of flint-knapping, which had largely disappeared from the technological repertoire of the region after the Neolithic. During the classic period of flintlock weapons in the 19th and 19th centuries, gunflint production appears to have been performed primarily by specialists. Demand for gunflints began in the 17th century, however, especially in North America, and was sometimes met by the "do it yourself" efforts of non-specialists. An assemblage recently excavated in Bourne, Massachusetts provides an opportuntiy to study such efforts.
"In Delaware The Millennium Has Begun": 19th-Century Farmstead Archaeology And The Methodist Discipline, Michael D. Scholl
"In Delaware The Millennium Has Begun": 19th-Century Farmstead Archaeology And The Methodist Discipline, Michael D. Scholl
Northeast Historical Archaeology
By the beginning of the 19th century the Methodist movement had gained so many converts in the state of Delaware that Francis Asbury had likened it to the coming of the New Millenium. The growth of Methodism I the state was a powerful social force in rural 19th-century Delaware. Guidlines and behavioral rules were published annually in a series entitled the Discipline. The Methodist Discipline provides a contextual backdrop for understanding 19th-century farming families. This case study examines the Methodist farmer George W. Buchanan and his family who in the mid-part of the century established a farmstead in southern New …
Comments On: "I Know It's Only Rock 'N' Roll But They Like It!" By Stefan Bielinski, Carol Mcdavid
Comments On: "I Know It's Only Rock 'N' Roll But They Like It!" By Stefan Bielinski, Carol Mcdavid
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The author comments on I Know It's Only Rock 'n' Roll But They Like It! Community History, Popular Music, and Public Audiences by Stefan Bielinski.