Anthropology Commons^™

Land Use And Ceramic Distributions In Western Rough Cilicia, Turkey, Jennifer Ferrell

Nebraska Anthropologist

The Rough Cilicia Survey Project (RCSP) has been collecting data on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey (known as Rough Ci/icia) since 1996. This paper is a preliminary analysis of how the architectural and ceramic data collected by the survey team may be utilized. It is theorized here that the frequency of certain ceramic types may be linked to amount of architecture. However, this paper is not meant to be conclusive, but is rather a starting point for future studies of this data.

Reliability Assessment Of Surface Archaeological Survey Results From Western Rough Cilicia, Turkey, Melissa Kruse

Nebraska Anthropologist

Surface archaeological data provides a wealth of readily available and easily accessible information about past human behavior and settlement systems. It is important that survey results of suiface remains be recorded accurately and provide reliable information for interpretation of regional artifact distributions, density, and variations of the archeological record. A resurvey methodology was developed to assess the reliability of results of the Rough Cilicia Archaeological Survey along the coast of southern Turkey. Analysis employed statistical quantification and an overview of factors effecting reliability of surface survey results. The resulting duplicated documents of the same suiface record at different points in …

Geophysical Survey As A Conservation Tool, Anne M. Kern

Nebraska Anthropologist

With the introduction of cultural resource management and the passage of federal preservation legislation more than thirty years ago, American archeology has recognized the need for noninvasive practices that produce significant, new data while preserving the non-renewable archeological record. In the early I 970s, Thomas Lyons and the National Park Service's Cultural Resource Management Program began to develop a non-invasive paradigm placing new emphasis on remote sensing techniques. Developments in geophysical methods over the past twenty to thirty years allow archeologists to preserve the archeological record, practice Lyons' non-invasive archeology, and collect high-quality data. A discussion of the advantages and …

Conservation Ethics: The Web Linking Human And Environmental Rights, Meghan Sittler

Nebraska Anthropologist

The Earth should be seen as an ecological whole. Environmental and human rights should be fashioned in a similar horizontal plane rather than in the traditional concept of a vertically arranged hierarchy. Examining the management practices of vast ecosystems on two continents provides examples of the integral relationship of all organisms in an ecosystem. The Serengeti Ecosystem in Africa and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in the United States are characterized by both cultural and ecological extirpations. The comparing of cultural and ecological issues concerning these diverse and distinctive ecosystems demonstrates the intricate web connecting human and environmental rights.

Still An Open Book: Analysis Of The Current Pre-Clovis Vs. Clovis Debate From The Site Of Meadowcroft Rockshelter, Pennsylvania And Monte Verde, Chile, Jay T. Sturdevant

Nebraska Anthropologist

One of the most prominent features of Paleo-Indian studies has been the debate concerning who first inhabited the continents of the Americas. Two sites that have been at the forefront of this debate over the last 25 years are Meadowcroft Rockshelter, Pennsylvania and Monte Verde, Chile. Because of their status as possible Pre-Clovis sites, a review of the questions surrounding these sites should reflect the current status of the Pre-Clovis debate. Presently neither site has been able to make a decisive argument for a Pre-Clovis occupation in the Americas so it is important that archaeology not get ahead of itself …

The Fact And Fiction Of Vikings In America, Karri L. Springer

Nebraska Anthropologist

Many people do not fully understand the stories, history, archaeology or evidence for Viking presence in North America. This paper evaluates the stories against the scientific evidence found to date. Archaeologists, although qualified to discuss all sides of the arguments, rarely do, because of the lack of career rewards for doing so. However, the problems associated with hoaxes should be important to all archaeologists interested in maintaining credibility with the public. Viking legends are well suited for such evaluation. The Kensington runestone hoax is emphasized in this evaluation while other Viking hoaxes are overviewed. Relevant evidence from archaeological sites in …

Mormon Polygamy In The Nineteenth Century: The Practice Of "The Principle" In Reality, William Volf

Nebraska Anthropologist

During the nineteenth century, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Mormons, encouraged the development of polygamous marriages. The primary rationale for the practice was to bring in as many pre-existing spirits into the present world and to allow all females the chance to be married. The practice of polygamy was the ideal marriage form and each church member was to behave in a manner with polygamy as a goal. It is found that among males, only the wealthy and higher level Church leaders were the members that such a practice benefitted. There is evidence that the additional …

The Collecting Culture: An Exploration Of The Collector Mentality And Archaeology's Response, Tamie Sawaged

Nebraska Anthropologist

The collecting of cultural remains and the looting of sites have serious repercussions for the preservation of the archaeological record. The scientific community has long bemoaned this situation but has developed few effective, proactive measures to stem the activities of collectors and looters. This lack of success can be attributed partially to a failure in researching and understanding the driving forces behind the collecting phenomenon. Thus, this paper has several main goals: to provide the archaeologist with some basic understanding of the collecting culture from the collector's perspective; to encourage the use of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to address this …

Yellow Powder Yellow Lungs, Meghan Sittler

Nebraska Anthropologist

Uranium mining began on the Navajo Reservation during World War II and continued for several years following the war. Many components of uranium mining operations and policies have left a trail of serious, social, physical, cultural, and environmental consequences which have impacted, and continue to impact the people of the Navajo culture. Each of these ramifications will be discussed through the incorporation of Navajo beliefs, and social organization, which have further compounded the effects of the United States government's exploitation of uranium and the Navajo people.

The Status Of Refugees In Lincoln, Nebraska's - Low-Income Housing And Racial Segregation: A Contribution Or Contrast To Neighborhood Solidarity?, David Baker, Kristy Feldhousen

Nebraska Anthropologist

The process of becoming a refugee is lengthy, complicated, and arduous. It involves timing, political, religiolls, and economic considerations - and luck. The United Nations High Commission for Refugee's (UNHCR) in combination with the Department of State (DOS) have established their own particular criteria for granting refugee status and placement policy. After granting refugee status, the UNHCR places the refugee into three optional resolutions: repatriation to the refugee's home country, local resettlement in the country of first asylum, and resettlemellt to a third country (US Dept of Health, 1995). 1n the post World War II era an influx of refugees …

Commercialization In Archaeology: Problems, Old And New, Ann C. Bauermeister

Nebraska Anthropologist

Archeology has long enjoyed popularity among the public. Such interest is an asset to the discipline, for it can generate the support integral to the profession and to the study of the archeological record. Unfortunately, the allure of archeology also has the potential to be destructive to the archeological record. When archeology is viewed as a hobby is when problems can--and do--arise. The term "amateur archeologist" has been applied to nonprofessional or untrained persons who pursue archeological work. Why our profession is thought of as one where amateurs are welcome is not entirely clear, though perhaps it is due in …

Slavery In The Platte Region, H. Jason Combs

Nebraska Anthropologist

Missouri's bid for statehood reflected the struggle to extend the southern slave culture onto the western frontier of settlement. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Missouri Compromise set specific geographic boundaries for the extension of slavery, which in turn created distinctive patterns of migration and settlement on the frontier. The Platte Purchase region of northwest Missouri is one of the areas that reflect slavery's influence on settlement. This paper will discuss slave ownership, the need for slavery, and explain the geographic distribution of slaves in the Platte region.

Teen Pregnancy: A Cross-Cultural Phenomenon But A Western Problem?, Tina Brown

Nebraska Anthropologist

Teen pregnancy (broadened to "premarital pregnancy" for research purposes) was investigated cross-culturally. Using the electronic Human Relations Area Files and literature review, attitudes toward premarital pregnancy, the incidence of premarital pregnancies, and outcomes of premarital pregnancies were compared in "African" and "Eurasian" social systems (as defined by Goody, 1976). Despite considerahle variance, there were no significant differences in approval or disapproval of premarital sex or pregnancy in African and Eurasian systems. There was no difference in incidence rates of premarital pregnancy in African and Eurasian systems; however. not taking marital status into consideration. developing countries have higher rates of adolescent …

Nebraska Anthropologist Volume 15: 1999-2000 Table Of Contents

Nebraska Anthropologist

Conservation Ethics: The Web Linking Human and Environmental Rights (Meghan Sittler)

Slavery in the Platte Region (H. Jason Combs)

Still an Open Book: Analysis of the Current Pre-Clovis vs. Debate from the Site of Meadowcroft Rockshelter, Pennsylvania and Monte Verde, Chile (Jay T. Sturdevant)

Mormon Polygamy in the Nineteenth Century: The Practice of "The Principle" in Reality (William Volf)

Teen Pregnancy: A Cross Cultural Phenomenon but a Western Problem? (Tina Brown)

Fact and Fiction of Vikings in America (Karri L Springer)

Commercialization in Archaeology: Problems, Old and New (Ann C. Bauermeister)

Geophysical Survey as a Conservation Tool (Anne M. Kern) …

Contamination Nation, Kurt T. Mantonya

Nebraska Anthropologist

The Navajo, like many other North American Native populations have been adversely affected by mining. Termination of tribal status, forced relocation, and exposure to radioactive elements are just a few of the tragedies these people have faced. This paper will take an ethnohistorical approach to mining on Navajo  ands as well as investigates important case law that have been established over the past 100 years.

On Two Eras Of African Archaeology: Colonial And National, Clea Koff

Nebraska Anthropologist

This paper examines the role of archaeology in the political agendas of both colonial and post-colonial African governments. Both forms of government have utilized selective interpretations of the archaeological record to further their political goals. The marriage between archaeologists and colonial administrations is examined in light of the temporal coincidence between the international rise of professional archaeology in the 18908 and the zenith of colonial occupation in sub-Saharan Africa. The concurrent nature of these two phenomena resulted in employment within colonial administrations for the majority of professional archaeologists. The archaeology of the post-independenoe era reflects a shift in paradigm, as …

Nebraska Anthropologist Volume 14: 1997-1999 Table Of Contents

Nebraska Anthropologist

ARTICLES

01 Domestication of Dogs and Their Use on the Great Plains (Ruth Callahan)

12 Human Responses to Bison Nutritional Variability: An Illustration from the Central Plains (Chris Widga)

34 Winter Counts as Possible Precursors to Writing (Petra Eccarius)

39 Looted Archaeological Sites: Are They Worthy of Scientific Investigation?
(Michelle J. Lundeen)

47 On Two Eras of African Archaeology: Colonial and National (Clea Koff)

58 Factors Leading to the Uprisings at Wounded Knee in 1890 and 1973: The Other Story (Andrew Amiotte)

68 Starbucks vs. Equal Exchange: Assessing the Human Costs of Economic
Globalization (Lindsey M. Smith)

84 Monogamy vs. …

Domestication Of Dogs And Their Use On The Great Plains, Ruth Callahan

Nebraska Anthropologist

More than 12,000 years ago a bargain was struck between two species that not only benefited both parties, but changed their futures drastically. Whereas wolves and humans had once been independent hunters in competition with each other, now they were partners who shared the kill and helped each other survive in the harsh environment. We will never know which side initiated the pact, but the wolf was the first animal to cast its lot with humans and the evolutionary advantages that came with this choice were tremendous.

Factors Leading To The Uprisings At Wounded Knee In 1890 & 1973: The Other Story, Andrew Amiotte

Nebraska Anthropologist

Throughout history, the American Indians have experienced maltreatment by the invasion of outside cultures and by people with power. As the Indians have been forced to move westward by the U.S. government, many treaties have been drawn up as a promise that the tribes would never again be invaded. These broken promises influenced the placing of the indigenous people onto reservations. Also, the Indians were forced to abandon their native way of life.

This paper discusses why forcing the Lakota Sioux to live on reservations and to adopt an Anglo culture led to great misery. This new way of life …

Human Mate Selection Based On Developmental Stability As Signaled Through Physical Attractiveness: An Assessment Of The Traits Used To Determine Attractiveness And The Evolutionary Mechanisms For Their Development, Erin H. Kimmerle

Nebraska Anthropologist

What are the criteria used to select a mate? Study of this question on non-human subjects has shown many organisms choose mates based on assessments of health, youthfulness, and fertility, as signaled through certain physical characteristics. Investigations into the mating behaviors of humans, cross-cultural studies of attractiveness, and current medical research link features of attractiveness with health and support the evolutionary perspective that beauty is more than an arbitrary cultural creation. The characteristics which males and females find attractive in the opposite sex are largely the results of the evolution of sexual selection and serve to inform potential mates of …

Starbucks Vs. Equal Exchange: Assessing The Human Costs Of Economic Globalization, Lindsey M. Smith

Nebraska Anthropologist

This paper discusses the impact of economic globalization on human populations and their natural environment. Trends leading to globalization, such as multilateral and bilateral trade agreements which reduce trading barriers between countries, are discussed. According to the economic principle of comparative advantage, all countries which specialize in what they can produce most efficiently should benefit equally from fair trade. Developing countries must increasingly rely on cheap labor and low environmental standards to compete for foreign investment and capital in the global economy. Observers argue that the market is not free enough to conect the long-term damage associated with export policies …

Human Responses To Bison Nutritional Variability: An Illustration From The Central Plains, Chris Widga

Nebraska Anthropologist

The relation of prehistoric human groups to bison populations in the Central Plains has long been the subject of both speculation and debate. Recent research has shown that bison are relatively sensitive to changing environmental conditions (Bamforth, 1988; Bozell, 1995; Speth and Pany, 1978; Emerson, 1990). This sensitivity is visible in physiological and behavioral adaptations used by bison to deal with change. Ukewise, evidence for these adaptations is present in faunal assemblages from Central Plains archaeological sites. In order to determine the nature of these adaptive charaderistics, a model must be developed which goes beyond traditional presence/absence tabulations of faunal …

Winter Counts As Possible Precursors To Writing, Petra Eccarius

Nebraska Anthropologist

Native Americans of the Great Plains did not have a formal system of writing. These groups did, however, have various types of graphical representation. One such example is the Siouan winter counts, pictures recorded once each winter on buffalo hide (or later on cloth) which served as mnemonic devices for a partial oral history and calendar of the group to which it belonged. Scholars often study the subject matter of these counts in order to gain historic or cultural information about Native groups. Despite the facts that only one important or unusual event is depicted each year, and that the …

Tibetan Fraternal Polyandry: A Review Of Its Advantages And Breakdown, Jeff Willett

Nebraska Anthropologist

The fraternal polyandry marriage relationship of Tibet is widely considered
to be a means of preventing the division of a family's resources among its male heirs. As a family resource preservation strategy, Tibetan polyandry accomplishes the same goal of the European stem family system, but in a very different way. Researchers have suggested that polyandry developed in Tibet, because it provides a household with enough male laborers to fully exploit the marginal agricultural lands in the Himalayas, that it serves as a means of population control, or that it serves as a way of reducing tax obligations to feudal Tibetan …

Monogamy Vs. Polygyny In Rwanda: Round 1 - The White Fathers Round 2 - The 1994 Genocide, Clea Koff

Nebraska Anthropologist

The symbiotic relationship between European Christian missionaries and European colonizers in East Africa is well-documented (Opoku 1985:513; Uzukwu 1996:29). However, the colonial history of Rwanda reveals a collaboration between French Roman Catholic missionaries and the coexistent Belgian administration that ensured a profound transformation, not only of indigenous religious practice, but of the marriage pattern - from polygyny to monogamy. The Catholic missionaries in Rwanda, an order called the White Fathers, imported a model of ideal marriage that was an amalgam of Christian theology and their own Western European culture. The model was not immediately embraced by Rwandans and after twenty …

Looted Archaeological Sites: Are They Worthy Of Scientific Investigation?, Michelle J. Lundeen

Nebraska Anthropologist

Since the late 1800s, looting of prehistoric and historic Bles has been recognized as a serious threat to archaeological resources throughout the world (Knoll 1991}. Looting destroys both recorded and unrecorded sites in the United states (Ahlstrom 1992, Honeycutt et al. 1985, stuart 1989). With such a great amount of looting taking place, this research paper asks a basic question: Why do archaeologists not investigate looted archaeological sites as they do nonlooted sites and features? This question will be answered by reviewing the literature about looting including the archaeological reaction to looting. Two looted features, potted privies, will be discussed …

Native Americans And Diabetes, Kristina K. Lee

Nebraska Anthropologist

Type II diabetes has reached epidemic proportions among Native Americans. It Is estimated that 12.2 percent of all Native Americans in the U.S. have Type II diabetes. This compares with 5.2 percent of the general U.S. population (Diabetes Statistics 1997). The highest rate of diabetes in the world is in the Pima Nation. Half of all Pima Indians age 35 and older have diabetes (West 1974). Diabetes causes severe health complications and is a major cause of
death for Native Americans.

Dorothy M. Mcewen: An Appreciation, Peter Bleed

Nebraska Anthropologist

Over the past 18 years, the University of Nebraska-Uncoln Department of Anthropology has seen many changes. We have moved, changed leadership, become computerized, added and lost faculty, and recruited, registered and graduated hundreds of students. Through all of those changes, the department has been blessed with a very steady hand at the helm of our office. Dorothy McEwen has been a dependable rock in a sea of change.

Dorothy came to the department as a temporary worker in the "Division of Archeological Research." In 1978 Dale Henning needed some help producing reports and brought Dorothy in to crank out pages …

Humankind's Greatest Gift: On The Innateness Of Language, Tina Brown

Nebraska Anthropologist

Although the environment has an effect on the quality of language development, the fact that language is limited to the human species, that neurological structures of the brain specialize in language functions, and that universal characteristics of language and language development occur independently of environmental factors suggests that human language has a definite biological component.

Busy Corporations: The Effects Of Corporations On The Environment And The Public, Markus Craig

Nebraska Anthropologist

This paper is the result of one semester's research into the external costs of corporate structure, detailing some of the corporate business practices, their inherent implications, and effects on the environment and on people. This paper helps unravel the adversarial relationship between modem corporations and the environmental and labor movements in the US, concentrating on a survey of the literature of the last two decades and isolates some major themes fundamental to an understanding of this important debate.