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Articles 91 - 120 of 258
Full-Text Articles in Anthropology
Nanta Hosh Chahta Immi? (What Are Choctaw Lifeways?): Cultural Preservation In The Casino Era, Sean Everette Gantt
Nanta Hosh Chahta Immi? (What Are Choctaw Lifeways?): Cultural Preservation In The Casino Era, Sean Everette Gantt
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation investigates the long-term impacts of tribal economic development programs on the cultural preservation efforts of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (MBCI). Since the 1970s the Mississippi Choctaw have initiated many different economic enterprises ranging from manufacturing plants to resort development, owning and operating a diversified portfolio of manufacturing, service, retail, and tourism enterprises. This history of engaging with western business models offers a unique perspective for analyzing the long-term effects of these practices on a tribal community. My work with the MBCI engages a long debate over the use of capitalist business models in tribal economic development …
Tsehootsooidi Baa Hane: Emergent Oral Histories From A Navajo Community Based Oral History Project In Ft. Defiance, Az, Gwendolyn W. Saul
Tsehootsooidi Baa Hane: Emergent Oral Histories From A Navajo Community Based Oral History Project In Ft. Defiance, Az, Gwendolyn W. Saul
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation research is based on a community oral history project about Tséhootsooi or Fort Defiance, Arizona, a predominantly Navajo community. Colonial historical narratives of Fort Defiance selectively focus on the non-Navajo institutions that developed within the community: hospital, boarding school, and trading posts; in response, local residents oral histories challenge settler colonial narratives and speak to the events and places that make this community significant to Navajo history. Through the theoretical lens of decolonization and critical indigenous theory, my research addresses Navajo historical representation, the production of settler colonial narratives and community residents' efforts to assert sovereignty through Navajo …
The Socioeconomic Organization Of Communal Hunting: An Archaeological Examination Of Shoshone Collective Action, Matthew John O'Brien
The Socioeconomic Organization Of Communal Hunting: An Archaeological Examination Of Shoshone Collective Action, Matthew John O'Brien
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation focuses on developing the means to investigate social organization of communal hunting among egalitarian groups. Communal hunting represents an alternative subsistence strategy that takes advantage of seasonal aggregation of prey species. To maximize returns from these large herds, human foraging groups opt to cooperate with additional groups that otherwise maintain their political independence during the rest of the year. Yet, what is not clear is whether these temporary large camps maintain their egalitarian ethos, giving an equal voice to all members or if the participants adopt an alternative social and political structure. This dissertation uses the case study …
"I'M Afraid [Of] My Future.": Secrecy, Biopower, And Korean High School Girls, Noelle Easterday
"I'M Afraid [Of] My Future.": Secrecy, Biopower, And Korean High School Girls, Noelle Easterday
Anthropology ETDs
This paper analyzes the secrets revealed by Korean high school girls. Despite their struggles being known to the Korean public-at-large, the majority of these secrets express the students dismay at not meeting the high standards expected of teenage girls in successfully preparing for the future. In this case study, the public airing of the otherwise silenced acknowledgement of the authors' perceived deficiencies and failures illuminates processes of biopower (the subject-based regulation and disciplining of bodies) embedded within the Korean nation-state building project. I explore how the Neo-Confucian principles of reverence, obedience, and self-cultivation work together with the neoliberal, post-industrial consumerist …
Looking Forward Rather Than Backward: Cultural Revitalization At The Poeh Cultural Center And Museum, Kaila Cogdill
Looking Forward Rather Than Backward: Cultural Revitalization At The Poeh Cultural Center And Museum, Kaila Cogdill
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation investigates how the Pueblo of Pojoaque went from near desertion to a community that in contemporary times (and with the assistance of nearby Tewa communities) has worked to retain its culture and art, in an important example of cultural revitalization. Pojoaque Pueblos Poeh Cultural Center and Museum provides a unique perspective on cultural revitalization in the 21st century. The Poeh Center has been used by Pojoaque Pueblo to strengthen its identity and its economic and social status in the area, and as a result is considered one of the most progressive Pueblos in the Southwest. I address the …
Women's Toolkits: Engendering Paleoindian Technological Organization, Susan M. Ruth
Women's Toolkits: Engendering Paleoindian Technological Organization, Susan M. Ruth
Anthropology ETDs
Archaeologists have long studied hunting strategies and weapons technology of the Paleoindian period of North America, dating to the close of the Pleistocene more than 10,000 years ago. Less well understood are womens activities, the toolkits they used, and how gendered activities can be recognized in the archaeological record. I use a number of lines of inquiry, including ethnographic review, cross-cultural analysis, and archaeological investigation, to address these questions. Because the Paleoindian record consists largely of flaked stone, investigating gendered activities is challenging, particularly if women did not use stone tools to any great extent. Examination of the historic and …
Application Of Gis And Spatial Data Modeling To Archaeology: A Case Study In The American Southwest, Veronica Maria Arias
Application Of Gis And Spatial Data Modeling To Archaeology: A Case Study In The American Southwest, Veronica Maria Arias
Anthropology ETDs
One of the most important methodological advances in the archaeology of the past quarter century is the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in archaeological research. Within this time frame, GIS has evolved from an emergent geospatial technology with limited mapmaking capabilities to a technology of choice for cultural resource managers, planners, and academic archaeologists alike. This dissertation examines the evolutionary trajectory and impact of GIS in the discipline since its introduction, and its potential to support new applications of GIS-driven innovation in archaeological research. As part of this project, two separate studies were conducted. The first study assessed adoption …
Albuquerque The Frontier? Exploring Migration And Social Identity In The Albuquerque Area During The Late Developmental To Coalition Period Transition, Dorothy L. Larson
Albuquerque The Frontier? Exploring Migration And Social Identity In The Albuquerque Area During The Late Developmental To Coalition Period Transition, Dorothy L. Larson
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation examines the issue of how migration and identity can be illuminated through the study of material culture. Specifically, this research focuses on the late Developmental to Coalition period transition (~AD 1050-1300) in the Albuquerque area and examines variation in ceramic technological and decorative style. This area was chosen because it is frequently portrayed as a frontier' or boundary between the Socorro District to the south and the Santa Fe District to the north. This perception is largely driven by changes in ceramic technology during this time period, which included a shift from a mineral-paint technology to carbon paint. …
Changing Hearts And Minds: The Politics Of Sentimentality And The Cultural Production Of The Gay Family In New Mexico's Same-Sex Marriage Debate, Lavinia Magdalena Nicolae
Changing Hearts And Minds: The Politics Of Sentimentality And The Cultural Production Of The Gay Family In New Mexico's Same-Sex Marriage Debate, Lavinia Magdalena Nicolae
Anthropology ETDs
Starting in February 2004, in the aftermath of San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsoms authorization of city clerks to issue marriage licenses to gay and lesbian couples, same-sex marriage and LGBT families moved to the center of American politics. In the same month New Mexico succeeded in making its own mark on the national debate over same-sex marriage as Victoria Dunlap, the Sandoval County clerk, issued marriage licenses to gay and lesbian couples. The resulting sixty-four same-sex marriages incited New Mexico gay and lesbian activism around the issue of marriage and launched civil rights and moral debates that dominated the New …
Soy Gaucho: Nationalism And Modernity In Argentina, Geneva M. L. Smith
Soy Gaucho: Nationalism And Modernity In Argentina, Geneva M. L. Smith
Anthropology ETDs
Set in rural Argentina, debates over cultural recognition, land rights, and economic opportunity have been waged throughout the countrys history. By lodging the analysis in Argentina's rural zones, this project examines the series of neoliberal economic policies that led to a widespread shift to agricultural biotechnology, the ensuing social effects including urbanization due to decreasing rural labor opportunities, and the potential for new or hybridized political economies in the form of post-neoliberalism that have emerged out of Argentina's devastating 2001 economic crisis. In recent years, there have been accelerated agronomic and demographic shifts in Argentina's rural sector as farmers turn …
The Bioarchaeology Of Changes In Social Stratification, Warfare, And Habitual Activities Among Iron Age Samnites Of Central Italy, Vitale Sparacello
The Bioarchaeology Of Changes In Social Stratification, Warfare, And Habitual Activities Among Iron Age Samnites Of Central Italy, Vitale Sparacello
Anthropology ETDs
This study uses a bioarchaeological approach to investigate the behavioral and social correlates of changes in skeletal properties during the Iron Age of central Italy. This was a period of demographic growth, increase in sociopolitical complexity, and social stratification. Early states were developing from simpler forms of social aggregation, and expansionistic, large-scale warfare was beginning. I analyzed the mechanical properties of Iron Age human skeletons (844 individuals) from 11 necropoleis belonging to the Oscan ethno-linguistic group (Samnites). The analysis of grave goods allowed for a division of individuals by status categories. Iron Age samples show an increase in stature compared …
Local Food And Power Dynamics In Southeast Grand Rapids, Michigan, Christina Mello
Local Food And Power Dynamics In Southeast Grand Rapids, Michigan, Christina Mello
Anthropology ETDs
Various types of food security' projects essentially deliver little in the way of real opportunities for local food security among Southeast residents in Grand Rapids, MI. Nonetheless, developers justifying their gentrifying efforts are increasingly funded through large grants and public dollars by actually purporting themselves to seek solutions to reducing food insecurity in these Southeast neighborhoods. 'Community,' 'local,' 'sustainability,' and 'social justice' are common terms marketed as values to promote urban redevelopment, food security initiatives, and to sell local food. Food growers and activists challenge how these terms are defined and used for profiteering. Thus, there are competing value systems …
Lost Worlds: Locating Submerged Archaeological Sites In Southeast Alaska, Kelly Rose Bale Monteleone
Lost Worlds: Locating Submerged Archaeological Sites In Southeast Alaska, Kelly Rose Bale Monteleone
Anthropology ETDs
Synthesis and interpretation of archaeologically documented land-use patterns and ethnographic data are used to identify and model where people chose to live, hunt, and gather prehistorically. This project tests the hypothesis that the archaeological record of SE Alaska extends to areas of the continental shelf that were submerged by post-Pleistocene sea level rise beginning around 10,600 cal years BP (9,400 14C years). Digital elevation models (DEM) and sea-level curve for southeastern Alaska are used to create time slices between 16,000 to 10,500 cal BP. The variables (slope, aspect, distance from paleo-stream, paleo-lakes, paleo-coastlines, and known archaeological sites, and coastal sinuosity) …
Spanish Missionization And Maya Social Structure: Skeletal Evidence For Labor Distribution At Tipu, Belize, Lara Kristen Noldner
Spanish Missionization And Maya Social Structure: Skeletal Evidence For Labor Distribution At Tipu, Belize, Lara Kristen Noldner
Anthropology ETDs
The cultural and human biological outcomes of Spanish colonization of the Americas were diverse. This dissertation examines the effects of Spanish colonization on Maya social structure using skeletal evidence for the distribution of labor at Tipu, a mission site in west central Belize. Skeletal remains of indigenous Maya buried in the context of a church, and in accordance with European Catholic burial customs, were examined for enthesis development and the cross-sectional morphology (CSG) of upper and lower limb long bones. Nothing besides burial placement in relation to the church (inside or outside the walls) denotes social status among individuals. Bone …
Early-Life Influences On Body Composition, Metabolic Economy, And Age At Menarche, Megan A. Workman
Early-Life Influences On Body Composition, Metabolic Economy, And Age At Menarche, Megan A. Workman
Anthropology ETDs
Prenatal energy balance and postnatal psychosocial experiences have been linked by separate literatures to maturational timing, adult body composition (e.g., height, skeletal muscle mass), and life-long differences in metabolic physiology. This dissertation examines the potential influences of prenatal energy balance and postnatal psychosocial experiences in simultaneous analyses designed to test whether they exert additive or interacting influences on adult body composition (chapters 2 and 4), metabolic physiology (chapter 3), and age at menarche (chapter 4) among samples of U.S. men and women. Evolutionary models that address human developmental plasticity are explored as possible explanations for the observed relationships.
Women Living Islam In Post-War And Post-Socialist Bosnia And Herzegovina, Emira Ibrahimpašić
Women Living Islam In Post-War And Post-Socialist Bosnia And Herzegovina, Emira Ibrahimpašić
Anthropology ETDs
This is an ethnographic study of what it means to be a Muslim woman in post-war and post-socialist Bosnia and Herzegovina. Almost two decades after the end of inter-ethnic wars that led to the dissolution of socialist Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Bosnias inhabitants are undergoing radical social, economic, political, and particularly religious transformations. This transformation, visible in both community and individual lives, can be discerned in all aspects of daily life. In this dissertation I examine the underlying reasons and motivations concerning the different ways in which one can practice and live Islam in Sarajevo and Zenica, two of the …
Coffee And The Countryside: Small Farmers And Sustainable Development In Las Segovias De Nicaragua, Patrick W. Staib
Coffee And The Countryside: Small Farmers And Sustainable Development In Las Segovias De Nicaragua, Patrick W. Staib
Anthropology ETDs
Las Segovias de Nicaragua is a highland tropical region along the Río Coco and the Honduran border in the northern part of the country. Over the past decade and a half, efforts to introduce and establish organic coffee production methods and cooperative organization models have focused on the impoverished rural inhabitants of this region. This approach represents a significant shift in international development policies toward Third World producer nations. I engaged in this context to question the viability of organic coffee farming given the legacy of deceit, violence, and natural disasters that have plagued this region since the Spanish Conquest. …
New Paleoclimate Reconstruction Techniques In Archaeology: Applications In Greece, New Mexico, And Portugal, Brandon Lee Drake
New Paleoclimate Reconstruction Techniques In Archaeology: Applications In Greece, New Mexico, And Portugal, Brandon Lee Drake
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation develops new techniques of analysis that make existing archaeological data more useful for understanding past climate change. These techniques are introduced through three key case studies in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico, the Lower Alentejo of Portugal, and the Eastern Mediterranean. A 12,000 year record of pollen collected from packrat middens across Chaco Canyon were analyzed using a new normalization procedure to produce a Holocene record of piñon and ponderosa pine abundance. The normalization procedure, species occurrence, enabled statistical analysis of the data. Simple linear models indicated that piñon and ponderosa pollen were strongly correlated with …
Feeding Ecology And Life History Strategies Of White-Faced Capuchin Monkeys, Elizabeth C. Eadie
Feeding Ecology And Life History Strategies Of White-Faced Capuchin Monkeys, Elizabeth C. Eadie
Anthropology ETDs
Dietary niches have widespread effects on individuals life histories, behaviors, and morphologies. Capuchin monkeys inhabit a complex dietary niche that often entails hunting of relatively large vertebrate prey, tool-use, and extraction of embedded resources that other closely related and sympatric species do not exploit. In this dissertation I examine, a) how juvenile capuchins overcome the challenges of reliance on a difficult-to-acquire diet, b) at what age juveniles achieve maximum foraging return rates for difficult-to-acquire foods, and c) what nutritional benefits capuchins obtain from exploitation of these foods. In the process of addressing these questions I test two prominent hypotheses regarding …
Health Parameters Across The Lifespan Among The Ache Of Paraguay, John D. Wagner
Health Parameters Across The Lifespan Among The Ache Of Paraguay, John D. Wagner
Anthropology ETDs
This work provides an integrative approach for assessing population health among a group of indigenous South American forager-farmers, the northern Aché of eastern Paraguay. The Aché were full-time hunting and gathering nomads up until the time of first peaceful contact in the early 1970s when they experienced a devastating virgin-soil population epidemic that killed approximately 40% of the population, where all age and sex groups were affected more or less equally with the exception of a higher survival rate among reproductive-aged women. The Aché are now settled on several reservations and have fully recovered their population numbers. The Aché have …
Investigating Epistemological Implications Of Geospatial Representation In The Making Of Histories Of The Pueblos, Using An Exploratory Mixed Methods Approach, Judith Van Der Elst
Investigating Epistemological Implications Of Geospatial Representation In The Making Of Histories Of The Pueblos, Using An Exploratory Mixed Methods Approach, Judith Van Der Elst
Anthropology ETDs
The claim that epistemological differences between western science and indigenous research methodologies are the roots of contention of the interpretation and construction of histories is investigated. An exploratory mixed methods approach is employed to test whether current systems of geospatial analysis and representation are suitable for understanding different ways of knowing, focused on the spatial domain as a fundamental cognitive domain. Recent studies indicate that spatial cognition is significantly different among speakers of different language groups and that spatial ontology is not universal across the human population, providing the theoretical underpinning for questioning the organizational principles of currently used systems …
The Effects Of Genetic Ancestry And Sociocultural Factors On Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility In Northeastern Mexico, Bonnie Nadyne Young
The Effects Of Genetic Ancestry And Sociocultural Factors On Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility In Northeastern Mexico, Bonnie Nadyne Young
Anthropology ETDs
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to variation in tuberculosis (TB) disease risk among individuals in the Americas, although the relative contribution of each of these factors remains unclear. Genetic ancestry may serve as a proxy for underlying genetic differences in TB risk between the European, Native American, and African groups that formed many populations in the Americas, but this has never been tested. Such tests are complicated by the fact that genetic ancestry and important potential social predictors of TB are usually confounded. The urban center of Nuevo León, the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), presents a unique setting to tease …
Tribes, States, And Landscapes: The Ecological Impacts Of Changing Land Use During The Islamic Period In Southern Portugal, F. Scott Worman
Tribes, States, And Landscapes: The Ecological Impacts Of Changing Land Use During The Islamic Period In Southern Portugal, F. Scott Worman
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation concerns human-environment interactions in southeastern Portugal during the centuries following the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire. In contrast to the feudal systems that developed across Western Europe outside Iberia, the Islamic polities that controlled the study area from 711 to 1248 C.E. allowed agrarian producers a great deal of political and economic independence. As a result, rural areas were more densely populated and the residents were wealthier than in earlier or later periods or contemporary feudal Christian kingdoms. The archaeological, geological, and historical investigations reported in this volume illuminate the timing, nature, and causes of past ecological …
Planting Seeds Is A Metaphor: Being Agrarian, Agricultural Activism, And Emergent Identity In New Mexico, Elise Trott
Planting Seeds Is A Metaphor: Being Agrarian, Agricultural Activism, And Emergent Identity In New Mexico, Elise Trott
Anthropology ETDs
In recent years, small-scale agriculture and acequia (traditional ditch irrigation) practices have become a significant locus for the goals and agendas of multiple stakeholders in New Mexico, attracting political, scholarly, and popular interest from a wide variety of groups and individuals. For this reason, local acequieros (acequia irrigators) and farmers are constantly engaged in processes of boundary-making, identity formation, and negotiation over the limits, claims, and goals of their involvement in agricultural activism, as well as the involvement of others. This thesis addresses the content, meaning, and implications of the strategic identity formation and boundary-making practices of one organization at …
Florentine Palaces, Costly Signaling, And Lineage Survival, Michael K. Church
Florentine Palaces, Costly Signaling, And Lineage Survival, Michael K. Church
Anthropology ETDs
My dissertation evaluated whether the palaces built in Florence, Italy during the Renaissance are a form of costly signaling. Costly signaling theory was developed to explain why organisms have attributes and behaviors that appear to defy basic Darwinian logic by having costs that are not offset by obvious benefits. The theory proposes that such attributes and behaviors persist because they are reliable signals of information about the signalers. Signal audiences use the information content of signals to rank signalers and to modify their interactions with signalers in ways that benefit signalers. These interactions can involve mate choice, predation avoidance, status …
Zapatista Materiality Disseminated: A Co-Construction Reconsidered, Ilse Biel
Zapatista Materiality Disseminated: A Co-Construction Reconsidered, Ilse Biel
Anthropology ETDs
In this study, I explore two central examples of Zapatista material culture, the Zapatista mask and the souvenir muñecas zapatistas [Zapatista dolls], as they become plot lines in the co-constructed encuentro that shapes the Zapatista concept internationally leading to a false image of Zapatista homogeneity. Taking on their own dynamic substance that frequently is dislodged from the context of the people they appear to represent they become indicative of the discourse about the Zapatistas, one that does not necessarily originate in the activities of the Zapatistas. I suggest that, within the broader encuentro process between Zapatistas and non-Zapatistas, the Zapatistas …
Predictive Geospatial Modeling For Archaeological Research And Conservation: Case Studies From The Galisteo Basin, Vermont And Chaco Canyon, Wetherbee Bryan Dorshow
Predictive Geospatial Modeling For Archaeological Research And Conservation: Case Studies From The Galisteo Basin, Vermont And Chaco Canyon, Wetherbee Bryan Dorshow
Anthropology ETDs
Geospatial modeling of ancient landscapes for predictive scientific research and hypothesis testing is an important emerging approach in contemporary archaeology. This doctoral dissertation is comprised of three published North American case studies that clearly demonstrate the value of predictive geospatial modeling to address explicit goals of contemporary archaeological research, conservation and cultural resource management. The case studies consist of a GIS-based prioritization analysis of natural and cultural resources conservation value in the Galisteo Basin of north-central New Mexico, an archaeological sensitivity analysis (site-discovery potential) for the state of Vermont, and a predictive model of agricultural potential during the Bonito Phase …
Testing Hypotheses Of The Demographic Transition In San Borja, Bolivia, Kristin Snopkowski
Testing Hypotheses Of The Demographic Transition In San Borja, Bolivia, Kristin Snopkowski
Anthropology ETDs
Understanding the demographic transition, a trend in which fertility drops after a period of population growth, has been an important area of anthropological and demographic research. This dissertation seeks to understand fertility change by testing five models that have been presented in the literature. The predictions that are unique to each hypothesis are tested in San Borja, Bolivia, a community currently undergoing a fertility transition. Low modern fertility seems counter-intuitive given the increase of individual wealth, but there have not been sufficient tests to lead to an understanding of why this occurs. Informational hypotheses explain fertility transition as a change …
The Structure Of Energy Production And Redistribution Among Tsimane' Forager-Horticulturalists, Paul L. Hooper
The Structure Of Energy Production And Redistribution Among Tsimane' Forager-Horticulturalists, Paul L. Hooper
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation constitutes an integrated analysis of the Tsimane' economic subsistence system. Its analyses are guided by a body of evolutionary theory which posits that life history traits, the structure of social relationships, and nature of economic production co-evolve in patterned and predictable ways. This theory specifically suggests that, for humans, the returns to embodied capital development and declines in reproductive efficiency late in life interact to produce: prolonged development, extended lifespan, menopause, and a predominantly downward three-generational system of energetic provisioning. The current analyses of Tsimane' work effort, production, and transfers are consistent with this theory in the following …
Through The Eye Of The Needle: Investigations Of Ethnographic, Experimental, And Archaeological Bone Tool Use Wear From Perishable Technologies, Elisabeth Ann Stone
Through The Eye Of The Needle: Investigations Of Ethnographic, Experimental, And Archaeological Bone Tool Use Wear From Perishable Technologies, Elisabeth Ann Stone
Anthropology ETDs
Perishable technologies - objects made from soft, organic materials that often decay quickly in the archaeological record - are known to be both ubiquitous and abundant in contemporary and historic societies, regardless of variation in social and economic organization or local environment. They are commonly made by women, children and elders, members of society that are often underrepresented in reconstructions of the past. However, their perishable nature means that these objects are recovered from the archaeological record at low rates, relative to that of more durable materials. Consequently, most evidence for these technologies is indirect. Use wear on the surface …