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Articles 121 - 150 of 320
Full-Text Articles in Anthropology
A Gis-Based Investigation Into Social Violence And Settlement Patterns In The Gallina Area Of The American Southwest, Adam Muir Byrd
A Gis-Based Investigation Into Social Violence And Settlement Patterns In The Gallina Area Of The American Southwest, Adam Muir Byrd
Anthropology ETDs
The Gallina area is an ideal location for an investigation into social violence using GIS-based methods. Situated in northern New Mexico, the remote Gallina region and the Gallina phase (A.D. 1100\u20131300) in particular have a clear record of violence that peaked in the latter half of the 13th Century (Borck and Bremer 2015; Constan 2011). Although there is an abundant record of violence, the source of the violence remains unclear. Were the Gallina attacked by an outside group or groups? Did the Gallina turn on each other? Or was some combination of internecine conflict and foreign attacks to blame? The …
Economies Set In Stone? Magdalenian Lithic Technological Organization And Adaptation In Vasco-Cantabrian Spain, Lisa Marie Fontes
Economies Set In Stone? Magdalenian Lithic Technological Organization And Adaptation In Vasco-Cantabrian Spain, Lisa Marie Fontes
Anthropology ETDs
This hybrid dissertation explores how hunter-gatherer groups who lived during the Initial and Lower Magdalenian archaeological periods (c.17-14,000 uncal. BP) adapted their lithic technological organization to environmental complexity in the Vasco-Cantabrian region of north coastal Spain. Four manuscripts that examine aspects of Last Glacial hunter-gatherer adaptations are presented in this dissertation. The first three have been published or are in press in the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Journal of Archaeological Science, and Quaternary International. The last is a completed manuscript that is under review by the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. The first paper focuses on how archaeologists examine …
Artifacts Of Representation: The Makings Of Indigeneity In Argentine Museums, Amy Kathleen Sartor
Artifacts Of Representation: The Makings Of Indigeneity In Argentine Museums, Amy Kathleen Sartor
Anthropology ETDs
Museums are an integral part of a nation's identity formation - showcasing to national and international visitors what it means to be part of that nation. In Argentina, where national identity is tied to deep colonial roots, indigenous contributions in museums are often essentialized into a form that can easily be absorbed and appropriated by non-indigenous Argentines, as part of a legacy of an ethnic past. For my research, I visited museums in Argentina and cataloged how indigenous people were represented in order to analyze Argentina's interactions with the indigenous people that are often believed not to exist. My thesis …
Culture And Coping: A Qualitative Study Of A Sri Lankan Village Post Tsunami, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena, Damien Sanchez, Piyadasa Kodituwakku, Michael Hollifield, Chandanie Hewage, Kalum Bopagoda, Krishantha Weerarathnege
Culture And Coping: A Qualitative Study Of A Sri Lankan Village Post Tsunami, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena, Damien Sanchez, Piyadasa Kodituwakku, Michael Hollifield, Chandanie Hewage, Kalum Bopagoda, Krishantha Weerarathnege
University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications
On the tenth anniversary of the Tsunami on December 26, 2014, Sri Lankan newspapers highlighted the issues that still prevail in Peraliya and other tsunami affected regions in Sri Lanka such as unresolved housing problems, displacement from homes near the ocean, poor infrastructure, and loss of livelihood (Hussain, December 26, 2014, p. AA1), and at the same time commemorated “the resilience of hundreds of thousands of men, women and children who rose from the debris and the carnage, picked up the pieces and soldiered on amidst the tears and the pain” (Editorial, Sunday Times, December 21, 2014, p. 12). A …
Mens Life History, Testosterone, And Health, Louis Calistro Alvarado
Mens Life History, Testosterone, And Health, Louis Calistro Alvarado
Anthropology ETDs
Testosterone is hypothesized to mediate life history trade-offs between reproduction and survival in men, promoting mating effort over other forms of investment, which entails energetic and mortality costs. Sexually dimorphic musculature represents one form of somatic investment in mating. Favorable energy availability is posited to promote preferential investment in mating effort through upregulated testosterone production and augmented musculature, whereas nutritional constraint is predicted to downregulate testosterone to facilitate a diminished, thriftier phenotype. Furthermore, life history trajectories influencing mens testosterone levels have important health implications for androgen-sensitive disease. Here, I examine broad features of men's life history and health, and their …
Social And Ritual Dynamics At El Cholo: An Upper General Valley Funerary Village Of The Diquís Subregion, Southern Costa Rica, Roberto Alexander Herrera
Social And Ritual Dynamics At El Cholo: An Upper General Valley Funerary Village Of The Diquís Subregion, Southern Costa Rica, Roberto Alexander Herrera
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation details the results obtained from investigations conducted at an Aguas Buenas (300 BC-AD 800) to early Chiriquí phase (AD 900-1550) site known as El Cholo (SJ-59ECh), a mound complex located in the Upper General Valley of southern Costa Rica. Using data from surface collection along with horizontal and stratigraphic excavations, this investigation analyzed site formation and associated behavioral processes underlying the construction of a set of interconnected mounds comprising the architectural core of El Cholo. Previous research suggested that mounded sites in the Upper General area were likely seats of emergent elites with monumental constructions occupying a central …
Identity And Material Practice In The Chacoan World: Ornamentation And Utility Ware Pottery, Hannah Victoria Mattson
Identity And Material Practice In The Chacoan World: Ornamentation And Utility Ware Pottery, Hannah Victoria Mattson
Anthropology ETDs
The papers that comprise this dissertation all explore the intersection of material culture and social identity. The central theme of these studies is that social identity is actively created and maintained through the production, consumption, and discard of material objects. In the first paper, I examine the distribution of ornament styles and practices of adornment across the prehispanic Southwest in relation to traditionally defined regional and culture-historical boundaries. Jewelry items of similar forms are widely distributed across cultures/groups; however, specific practices in the use and deposition of ornaments are not random within particular sociohistorical contexts. In the second paper, I …
Speaking In Circles: Interpretation And Visitor Experience At Chaco Culture National Historic Park, Maren Else Svare
Speaking In Circles: Interpretation And Visitor Experience At Chaco Culture National Historic Park, Maren Else Svare
Anthropology ETDs
This study treats Chaco Culture National Historic Park (CCNHP) as a museum space with the National Park Service (NPS) as the head curator. As a museum space and a World Heritage site, Chaco is a place of knowledge production and consumption, with interpretation structured to relay a narrative of Chaco as a thriving prehistoric civilization and to foster an environment where visitors can create idiosyncratic relationships with the space. Trail guides, Wayside Exhibits, and Park ranger interaction constitute formal interpretive resources for visitors to interact with sites in the canyon. These processes are both easily available and easily avoidable for …
Cultural Interaction And Biological Distance Among Postclassic Mexican Populations, Corey Steven Ragsdale
Cultural Interaction And Biological Distance Among Postclassic Mexican Populations, Corey Steven Ragsdale
Anthropology ETDs
Human population structure is influenced by cultural and biological interactions. Little is known regarding to what extent cultural interactions effect biological processes such as migration and genetic exchange among prehistoric populations. In this study, I draw upon archaeological and ethnohistoric research to investigate the interaction of biology and culture among Postclassic period (AD 900-1519) Mexican populations. The central question for this project is: how did processes of economic exchange and political expansion affect genetic exchange among Postclassic period Mexican populations? To address this question, various biological distance analyses derived from dental morphological traits were employed to investigate inter- and intra-regional …
Explanations For Morphological Variability In Projectile Points: A Case Study From The Late Paleoindian Cody Complex, Cheryl K. Fogle-Hatch
Explanations For Morphological Variability In Projectile Points: A Case Study From The Late Paleoindian Cody Complex, Cheryl K. Fogle-Hatch
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation examines morphological variability (differences in qualitative attributes and metric dimensions) that is observed when comparing assemblages of projectile points. My archaeological case study is an evaluation of cultural historical types' of projectile points that have been assigned variously to the Alberta, Cody, or Firstview Complexes of the early Holocene from approximately 10,000 B.P. to 8,200 B.P. This analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative observations of 361 complete and fragmentary projectile points from 13 archaeological sites located in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. My analyses showed that qualitative attributes and metric dimensions of projectile points vary more through …
New Deal Navajo Linguistics And Language Documentation, Char Lane Peery
New Deal Navajo Linguistics And Language Documentation, Char Lane Peery
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation explores how with the New Deal, the US government committed itself to the construction of a Navajo ethnonation or a democratic polity that could interface with the US federal government. For my research methodology I used archival research and examined the papers of linguist Robert Young, a linguist and BIA employee who throughout his decades of work with the Navajo Tribe compiled some of the most extensive documentary material on the Navajo language, as well as his published works. I examined documents including correspondence between linguists Robert W Young and J.P. Harrington, dictionaries and other linguistic materials for …
From Rural Street Theater To Big City Extravaganza: The Meaning Of The Manaus Boi-Bumbá In An Urbanizing Brazil, Margaret Kathleen Watson
From Rural Street Theater To Big City Extravaganza: The Meaning Of The Manaus Boi-Bumbá In An Urbanizing Brazil, Margaret Kathleen Watson
Anthropology ETDs
This is an ethnographic study of the boi-bumbá festival of Manaus, capital of the Brazilian state of Amazonas. I examine this traditional Brazilian folkloric performance as it is being reworked to express a modern, global identity for urban Amazonians. Long seen as a key site to understand racial relations in Brazil, the boi-bumbá festival tells the story of the death and resurrection of a ranchers beloved bull. The earliest recorded versions of the Brazilian bull festival portray the economic and social relations on an 18th century colonial cattle ranch in the country's northeast. When the festival came to be performed …
Traveling Exhibit Native Voices: Native Peoples’ Concepts Of Health And Illness, Patricia Bradley, Laura J. Hall, Gale Hannigan
Traveling Exhibit Native Voices: Native Peoples’ Concepts Of Health And Illness, Patricia Bradley, Laura J. Hall, Gale Hannigan
Posters and Presentations
This exhibit, organized by the National Library of Medicine and hosted at UNM, explores the intersections of health, illness, and culture among Native American, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian communities. Through oral histories, healers, elders, and other key figures recount the impact of epidemics, land loss, and cultural disruption on Native health. The exhibit presents an inspiring narrative of resilience, endurance, and self-determination. Curated locally by Patricia Bradley, Laura J. Hall, and Gale Hannigan, it was displayed at the Domenici Center for Health Sciences Education. April 22, 2015 - October 18, 2015
The Paradoxes Of Poverty: Urban Space And Ideologies Of Intervention In The "Compassionate" City Of San Francisco, Andrea M. Lopez
The Paradoxes Of Poverty: Urban Space And Ideologies Of Intervention In The "Compassionate" City Of San Francisco, Andrea M. Lopez
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation examines a subset of urban poor women who live at the nexus of poverty and housing instability and who are exposed to multiple forms of violence and intense bodily suffering. I conducted two years of ethnographic research with a cohort of unstably housed women who have long histories of illicit drug use and who cycle between multiple single room occupancy hotels in two San Francisco neighborhoods. In this dissertation, I take as my analytic object the examination of the key institutional sites (what I call the local geography of hypermarginality) and the strategies for intervention deployed by the …
"Ellos Son Mi Familia." Testing The Embodied Capital Theory In Dominican Populations In The Dominican Republic And In New York City, Elvira Pichardo
"Ellos Son Mi Familia." Testing The Embodied Capital Theory In Dominican Populations In The Dominican Republic And In New York City, Elvira Pichardo
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation explores the conditions under which Dominican women invest in their own embodied capital and the embodied capital of their offspring, focusing on the tradeoffs between quantity and quality and income and stability using two different labor market economies in the Dominican Republic and in New York City. The main goals of this dissertation include three specific aims: (1) to identify different political economies and their impact on the same cultural/ethnic group, (2) to understand how access to different educational and employment opportunities influences variation in reproductive timing, considering ways in which birth control and birth spacing might facilitate …
Variable Education Exposure And Cognitive Task Performance Among The Tsimane, Forager-Horticulturalists, Helen Elizabeth Davis
Variable Education Exposure And Cognitive Task Performance Among The Tsimane, Forager-Horticulturalists, Helen Elizabeth Davis
Anthropology ETDs
At present, we know very little about the transition from traditional learning skills to models of standardized learning, and how it can influence the way one understands and solves problems. This research will examine cognitive performance and the factors affecting variation across communities and between individuals as it changes with age. The objective of this dissertation is to measure cognitive performance among children between 8 and 18 years of age exposed to variable levels of formal schooling in order to investigate three main research questions: (1) Whether exposure to schooling and increased performance in school-based abilities, such as math and …
Afro-Colombians And The Encroachment Of Paramilitaries On The African Palm Oil Sector, Stacie Hecht
Afro-Colombians And The Encroachment Of Paramilitaries On The African Palm Oil Sector, Stacie Hecht
Anthropology ETDs
The African palm oil industry in Colombia has burgeoned in the last decade, with state-sanctioned promotions and new developmental productions for the expansion of these plantations seeking to provide economic stability for the country. In addition, with the passing of the Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Colombia in 2011, as well as deals with several European countries for the exportation of the product, comes an even greater demand than previously known for the industry. However, the continuation of this endeavor will lead to the devastation of the bio-diverse lands being used for economic gains. Furthermore, palm oil …
Maturing Temporal Bones As Non-Neural Sites For Transforming The Speech Signal During Language Development, Lisa A. Hogan
Maturing Temporal Bones As Non-Neural Sites For Transforming The Speech Signal During Language Development, Lisa A. Hogan
Anthropology ETDs
Developmental events in the temporal bones shift the pattern of a given speech sounds acoustic profile through the time children are mapping linguistic sound systems. Before age 5 years, frequency information in vowels is differentially accessible through the years children are acquiring the sound systems of their native language(s). To model the acoustic effects caused by developing temporal bones, data collected to elicit steady-state vowels from adult native speakers of English and Diné were modified to reflect the form of children's hearing sensitivities at different ages based on patterns established in the psychoacoustic literature. It was assumed, based on the …
Women And Cultural Production: Fiestas, Families, And Foodways In San Rafael, New Mexico, Stephanie M. Sanchez
Women And Cultural Production: Fiestas, Families, And Foodways In San Rafael, New Mexico, Stephanie M. Sanchez
Anthropology ETDs
Historically, New Mexico scholars and folklorists have often omitted womens roles in Hispanic cultural production and heritage maintenance. However, women make significant contributions to the retention, transmission, and adaptation of traditional Hispanic practices. In this dissertation, I examine how particular Hispanic women, who I refer to as 'center women' (Brodkin Sacks 1988), from a small village named San Rafael, New Mexico mobilize their families and other community members in order to successfully perform traditional New Mexican events such as the annual fiesta in honor of the local patron saint, Las Posadas, a Christmas time novena, and Good Friday commemorations. These …
Storied Lives In A Living Tradition: Women Rabbis And Jewish Community In 21st Century New Mexico, Miria Kano
Storied Lives In A Living Tradition: Women Rabbis And Jewish Community In 21st Century New Mexico, Miria Kano
Anthropology ETDs
Between 2001 and 2012, I collaborated with Rabbi Lynn Gottlieb, Rabbi Malka Drucker, Rabbi Shefa Gold, Rabbi Min Kantrowitz, and Rabbi Deborah Brin to investigate the challenges and opportunities afforded by womens recent attainment of rabbinic ordination. As members of the first and second generations of women rabbis, they offer unique perspectives on the recent histories of both American and Jewish cultures. This dissertation is a narrative exploration of how these rabbis came of age, cultivated self-understanding, chose careers as spiritual leaders, crafted public identities, and formed communities in 20th/21st Century American Jewish societies. This research focuses on the role …
Sowing Seeds For The Future To Honor Tigua History And Tradition: Diabetes Prevention And Management At Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo, Sean Patrick Bruna-Lewis
Sowing Seeds For The Future To Honor Tigua History And Tradition: Diabetes Prevention And Management At Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo, Sean Patrick Bruna-Lewis
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation examines type 2 diabetes management and prevention at Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, a federally recognized American Indian tribe in El Paso, Texas. Type 2 diabetes is a serious and growing concern at the Pueblo, and while the incidence is not as high as it is in other tribes in the United States, it is still much higher than the national average. Despite excellent biomedical research that shows how individuals can prevent diabetes, and countless translated diabetes prevention programs targeted to individuals and families to prevent the disease, the incidence of diabetes continues to rise. This dissertation argues that …
Nanta Hosh Chahta Immi? (What Are Choctaw Lifeways?): Cultural Preservation In The Casino Era, Sean Everette Gantt
Nanta Hosh Chahta Immi? (What Are Choctaw Lifeways?): Cultural Preservation In The Casino Era, Sean Everette Gantt
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation investigates the long-term impacts of tribal economic development programs on the cultural preservation efforts of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (MBCI). Since the 1970s the Mississippi Choctaw have initiated many different economic enterprises ranging from manufacturing plants to resort development, owning and operating a diversified portfolio of manufacturing, service, retail, and tourism enterprises. This history of engaging with western business models offers a unique perspective for analyzing the long-term effects of these practices on a tribal community. My work with the MBCI engages a long debate over the use of capitalist business models in tribal economic development …
Tsehootsooidi Baa Hane: Emergent Oral Histories From A Navajo Community Based Oral History Project In Ft. Defiance, Az, Gwendolyn W. Saul
Tsehootsooidi Baa Hane: Emergent Oral Histories From A Navajo Community Based Oral History Project In Ft. Defiance, Az, Gwendolyn W. Saul
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation research is based on a community oral history project about Tséhootsooi or Fort Defiance, Arizona, a predominantly Navajo community. Colonial historical narratives of Fort Defiance selectively focus on the non-Navajo institutions that developed within the community: hospital, boarding school, and trading posts; in response, local residents oral histories challenge settler colonial narratives and speak to the events and places that make this community significant to Navajo history. Through the theoretical lens of decolonization and critical indigenous theory, my research addresses Navajo historical representation, the production of settler colonial narratives and community residents' efforts to assert sovereignty through Navajo …
The Socioeconomic Organization Of Communal Hunting: An Archaeological Examination Of Shoshone Collective Action, Matthew John O'Brien
The Socioeconomic Organization Of Communal Hunting: An Archaeological Examination Of Shoshone Collective Action, Matthew John O'Brien
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation focuses on developing the means to investigate social organization of communal hunting among egalitarian groups. Communal hunting represents an alternative subsistence strategy that takes advantage of seasonal aggregation of prey species. To maximize returns from these large herds, human foraging groups opt to cooperate with additional groups that otherwise maintain their political independence during the rest of the year. Yet, what is not clear is whether these temporary large camps maintain their egalitarian ethos, giving an equal voice to all members or if the participants adopt an alternative social and political structure. This dissertation uses the case study …
"I'M Afraid [Of] My Future.": Secrecy, Biopower, And Korean High School Girls, Noelle Easterday
"I'M Afraid [Of] My Future.": Secrecy, Biopower, And Korean High School Girls, Noelle Easterday
Anthropology ETDs
This paper analyzes the secrets revealed by Korean high school girls. Despite their struggles being known to the Korean public-at-large, the majority of these secrets express the students dismay at not meeting the high standards expected of teenage girls in successfully preparing for the future. In this case study, the public airing of the otherwise silenced acknowledgement of the authors' perceived deficiencies and failures illuminates processes of biopower (the subject-based regulation and disciplining of bodies) embedded within the Korean nation-state building project. I explore how the Neo-Confucian principles of reverence, obedience, and self-cultivation work together with the neoliberal, post-industrial consumerist …
Looking Forward Rather Than Backward: Cultural Revitalization At The Poeh Cultural Center And Museum, Kaila Cogdill
Looking Forward Rather Than Backward: Cultural Revitalization At The Poeh Cultural Center And Museum, Kaila Cogdill
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation investigates how the Pueblo of Pojoaque went from near desertion to a community that in contemporary times (and with the assistance of nearby Tewa communities) has worked to retain its culture and art, in an important example of cultural revitalization. Pojoaque Pueblos Poeh Cultural Center and Museum provides a unique perspective on cultural revitalization in the 21st century. The Poeh Center has been used by Pojoaque Pueblo to strengthen its identity and its economic and social status in the area, and as a result is considered one of the most progressive Pueblos in the Southwest. I address the …
Women's Toolkits: Engendering Paleoindian Technological Organization, Susan M. Ruth
Women's Toolkits: Engendering Paleoindian Technological Organization, Susan M. Ruth
Anthropology ETDs
Archaeologists have long studied hunting strategies and weapons technology of the Paleoindian period of North America, dating to the close of the Pleistocene more than 10,000 years ago. Less well understood are womens activities, the toolkits they used, and how gendered activities can be recognized in the archaeological record. I use a number of lines of inquiry, including ethnographic review, cross-cultural analysis, and archaeological investigation, to address these questions. Because the Paleoindian record consists largely of flaked stone, investigating gendered activities is challenging, particularly if women did not use stone tools to any great extent. Examination of the historic and …
Application Of Gis And Spatial Data Modeling To Archaeology: A Case Study In The American Southwest, Veronica Maria Arias
Application Of Gis And Spatial Data Modeling To Archaeology: A Case Study In The American Southwest, Veronica Maria Arias
Anthropology ETDs
One of the most important methodological advances in the archaeology of the past quarter century is the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in archaeological research. Within this time frame, GIS has evolved from an emergent geospatial technology with limited mapmaking capabilities to a technology of choice for cultural resource managers, planners, and academic archaeologists alike. This dissertation examines the evolutionary trajectory and impact of GIS in the discipline since its introduction, and its potential to support new applications of GIS-driven innovation in archaeological research. As part of this project, two separate studies were conducted. The first study assessed adoption …
Albuquerque The Frontier? Exploring Migration And Social Identity In The Albuquerque Area During The Late Developmental To Coalition Period Transition, Dorothy L. Larson
Albuquerque The Frontier? Exploring Migration And Social Identity In The Albuquerque Area During The Late Developmental To Coalition Period Transition, Dorothy L. Larson
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation examines the issue of how migration and identity can be illuminated through the study of material culture. Specifically, this research focuses on the late Developmental to Coalition period transition (~AD 1050-1300) in the Albuquerque area and examines variation in ceramic technological and decorative style. This area was chosen because it is frequently portrayed as a frontier' or boundary between the Socorro District to the south and the Santa Fe District to the north. This perception is largely driven by changes in ceramic technology during this time period, which included a shift from a mineral-paint technology to carbon paint. …
Changing Hearts And Minds: The Politics Of Sentimentality And The Cultural Production Of The Gay Family In New Mexico's Same-Sex Marriage Debate, Lavinia Magdalena Nicolae
Changing Hearts And Minds: The Politics Of Sentimentality And The Cultural Production Of The Gay Family In New Mexico's Same-Sex Marriage Debate, Lavinia Magdalena Nicolae
Anthropology ETDs
Starting in February 2004, in the aftermath of San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsoms authorization of city clerks to issue marriage licenses to gay and lesbian couples, same-sex marriage and LGBT families moved to the center of American politics. In the same month New Mexico succeeded in making its own mark on the national debate over same-sex marriage as Victoria Dunlap, the Sandoval County clerk, issued marriage licenses to gay and lesbian couples. The resulting sixty-four same-sex marriages incited New Mexico gay and lesbian activism around the issue of marriage and launched civil rights and moral debates that dominated the New …