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Articles 241 - 270 of 307
Full-Text Articles in Anthropology
Who Do You Belong To?: Understanding A Monument Through Local Conceptions Of Belonging, Sadie J. Lee, John Hawkins
Who Do You Belong To?: Understanding A Monument Through Local Conceptions Of Belonging, Sadie J. Lee, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
When major logging operations closed in the Kaibab National Forest in northern Arizona after pressure from environmental groups, many area residents lost their jobs. Plans for a coal mine on the Kaiparowits Plateau in southern Utah revived hopes for reliable employment, but establishing the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in 1996 by former US President Bill Clinton effectively shut down possibility of exploitative operations on the majority of the plateau. This caused widespread disapproval among conservative local government and populations. This controversial issue has been described extensively in relation to legal disputes over its formation and use. However, no research …
A Case For Christian Communalism: Overcoming Individualism And Racial Segregation In An Ubuntu-Infused South African Catholic Parish, Jordan R. Layton, Jeremy Grimshaw
A Case For Christian Communalism: Overcoming Individualism And Racial Segregation In An Ubuntu-Infused South African Catholic Parish, Jordan R. Layton, Jeremy Grimshaw
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Geographic, linguistic, and economic divisions between ethnic groups linger from Apartheid; but recent concerns also include divisions within ethnic groups due to Western-influenced individualism and a decline in communal values known as ubuntu. Ubuntu is a spiritual concept; thus, Christianity seems to be the ideal context for its reinforcement. But most theorists would argue that the physical and figurative walls being constructed between and within ethnic groups could not be overcome through Christianity, which is itself considered to be individualistic “self-serving redemptionism”—the theoretical opposite of ubuntu. However,one East London Catholic parish creates an anomalous interracial community by promoting communal ubuntu …
An Ethnology Of Tillage: The Role And Bearing Of Land A Societal Force In Midwest Agricultural Communities., Olivia Wilkinson, Sheila Bibb
An Ethnology Of Tillage: The Role And Bearing Of Land A Societal Force In Midwest Agricultural Communities., Olivia Wilkinson, Sheila Bibb
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Literary novelists have long revered the steady and resilient people of the plains. Sociologists and economic researchers have analyzed the drastic changes of the farming business in the recent decades of upheaval. Biochemists take sample after sample of dark brown earth to advance the science of crop growing.
Between Two Worlds: Relationships Between Hearing Children And Their Deaf Parents, Corinne Hoskin, John Hawkins
Between Two Worlds: Relationships Between Hearing Children And Their Deaf Parents, Corinne Hoskin, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Hearing children of Deaf parents (HCDPs) — a population rarely addressed by researchers — are surrounded by the Deaf culture of their parents and Hearing culture of their peers and mentors. The differences in language and culture that they experience produce a confusing and potentially disorienting world. HCDPs accept Deafness as an integral part of their identity, as illustrated through the relationships between parent and child.
Development Of Byu's Teaching Museum: A History Of The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Carlee Reed, Paul Stavast
Development Of Byu's Teaching Museum: A History Of The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Carlee Reed, Paul Stavast
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
The Museum of Peoples and Cultures (MPC) has been a part of BYU since 1966. The MPC’s mission is to “inspire students to life-long learning and service and [mentors] them in collections-focused activities.”As the MPC has developed, it has influenced many students as they gain experience for later careers, in addition to educating them on different cultures. As of 2008, there was not a thorough recording of the progression and development of the museum. Over the past five years, the archives have been organized and made easily accessible. In addition to the archives, I researched into the history of the …
Ladders To The Sky: Implications Of 'Mental Retardation' In Vishakhapatnam, India, Amber K. Bell, Charles Nuckolls
Ladders To The Sky: Implications Of 'Mental Retardation' In Vishakhapatnam, India, Amber K. Bell, Charles Nuckolls
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have never been studied from an ethnographic basis in anthropology. The study originally focused on only families with autistic members. Due to Indian definitions of mental illness, the study was broadened from the cultural view of ASDs to studying the 'mentally retarded' and focused on autistics within that definition. I wanted to study: the cultural definitions of mental illness, what treatments were being used, and how these definitions affected families that included patients.
Saving The Surfer Identity: The Paddle-Out Ceremony, Charles R. Thomas, John Hawkins
Saving The Surfer Identity: The Paddle-Out Ceremony, Charles R. Thomas, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
The circle has many forms within Surf Culture, including the lei. The Circle in the Paddle-out is known as the Symbol of Eternity.
The Paradox Of English In Tonga: Attributed Status Vs. Social Aversion, Pauline Tuitavuki, John Hawkins
The Paradox Of English In Tonga: Attributed Status Vs. Social Aversion, Pauline Tuitavuki, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
My research took place among young adult Tongans, ages 18-30 on the main island of Nuku'alofa in the last remaining Pacific Kingdom of Tonga where Tongan and English are both recognized as official languages. Previous research in Tonga shows that robust sectors of the economy, involving business, tourism, and education, requires English language proficiency for good employment. Consequently, Tongans highly esteem English proficiency, although my experience revealed English practically non-existent in daily communication. Why? Divulging, interviewing, and surveying the impacts of English, past, present, and future, presented three main reasons for social aversion toward speaking English which for them, often …
Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast
Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
As BYU’s “teaching” museum, the MPC provides a setting where BYU students can gain real museum experience. Under the mentorship of professional staff, museum class students and student employees are responsible for researching, developing, and installing exhibitions; processing and cataloging incoming and current collections; and organizing and cataloging excavation notes and other collection records. Beyond classes and employment, the MPC also provides an oft-overlooked educational experience for student volunteers. Under the supervision of student employees, volunteers provide assistance in creating and distributing educational materials, cataloging collections, organizing records, and other tasks necessary for the daily maintenance of museum operations. I …
We Are Widows, We Are Women: The Oral Histories Of Low Caste Indian Widows And How They Maintain A Sense Of Self In The Face Of Social Role Change, Suzanne Powell, Charles Nuckolls, Valerie Hudson
We Are Widows, We Are Women: The Oral Histories Of Low Caste Indian Widows And How They Maintain A Sense Of Self In The Face Of Social Role Change, Suzanne Powell, Charles Nuckolls, Valerie Hudson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Despite having social widowhood imposed upon them, these wides are able to create a continuance of self by taking a conscious stand on their new role through utilizing value systems they maintained prior to widowhood and by giving personal meaning to the prescribed rites and behaviors associated with widowhood.
Windmills And Walls: A Social Club Harnesses The Winds Of Change In Brandenburg, Taylor C. Merkley, John Hawkins
Windmills And Walls: A Social Club Harnesses The Winds Of Change In Brandenburg, Taylor C. Merkley, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
The town of Lüttein Brandenburg, Germany survived a fire in 1833, but faced a bigger threat to its survival when the Wall tumbled down. Residents began to move away for better jobs and the older population began to dwindle as the local economy looked bleak. Despite these challenges, the residents have found a way to revitalize their community using what is already available to them. In the former East Germany, where many rural towns face depopulation and isolation, the thriving, modern town of Lütte maintains its distinct agrarian character and outward connections. The local club Vere in “Altes Haus” successfully …
Modern-Day Conceptions Of Marriage In Visakhapatnam, India: “Bridging The Gap” Between Globalized Young Women And Their Parents, Courtney E. Petersen, Charles Nuckolls
Modern-Day Conceptions Of Marriage In Visakhapatnam, India: “Bridging The Gap” Between Globalized Young Women And Their Parents, Courtney E. Petersen, Charles Nuckolls
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Though the globalization of Visakhapatnam is causing a drastic shift in how university-age women understand and relate to current marriage practices and the power relationships associated with them, I propose that the tensions resulting from this change can be overcome through a revived importance placed on communication between the young woman and her parents.
Promontory Caves Revisited: Preliminary Analysis Of Faunal Material From 42bo1 And 42bo2, Lindsay Johansson, Joel Janetski
Promontory Caves Revisited: Preliminary Analysis Of Faunal Material From 42bo1 And 42bo2, Lindsay Johansson, Joel Janetski
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Promontory Caves (42BO1 and 42BO2) are located on Promontory point and were excavated in 1930 and 1931 by Julian Steward from the University of Utah. The caves are the type site for Promontory Phase occupation in the Great Basin and the work being done currently concerning the caves is one aspect of a larger project by Jack Ives of the University of Alberta and Joel Janetski of Brigham Young University concerning the Promontory culture and its relationship to the Athapaskan migration. Based upon the presence of moccasins and ceramics recovered at the site, Steward (1937:87) concluded that Promontory cultures were …
The Current State Of The Alcaldia Indigena In Light Of Its Historical Precedents: The Case Of Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, Jonathan Luke, John Hawkins
The Current State Of The Alcaldia Indigena In Light Of Its Historical Precedents: The Case Of Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, Jonathan Luke, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
The military governments of 1957-1986 abolished all forms of Maya self-government. With the signing of the Peace Accords in 1994, Mayan communities have resurrected the institution of the Alcaldia Indigena, drawing on cultural memory to reorganize it. The new manifestation builds on the Alcaldia’s former structure and seeks to connect internationally to the indigenous rights movement and gain official recognition as a local government body representing indigenous interests.
Puebloan Sites In The Hidden Hills, James R. Allison
Puebloan Sites In The Hidden Hills, James R. Allison
Faculty Publications
In 2006 and 2007, the Brigham Young University Archaeological Field School worked in the Hidden Hills area of the Shivwits Plateau, in the western part of the Arizona Strip. The field school mapped, surface collected, and tested a number of Puebloan habitation sites dating from about A.D. 800 to the late 1200s. Architecture includes surface room blocks, stand-alone circular structures, and pit structures, including one deep masonry-lined pit structure that may be a kiva. Ceramic analysis shows that the Hidden Hills residents participated in ceramic exchange networks encompassing other parts of the Arizona Strip as well as more distant places.
The End Of Farming In The “Northern Periphery” Of The Southwest, James R. Allison
The End Of Farming In The “Northern Periphery” Of The Southwest, James R. Allison
Faculty Publications
Prehispanic farmers belonging to the Virgin and Fremont traditions once occupied most of Utah and adjacent parts of Arizona and Nevada. Through much of the twentieth century, these areas were called the "Northern Periphery'' of the Southwest, but in recent decades, both Fremont and Virgin have often been left out of syntheses of southwestern archaeology-even though they clearly had strong connections to the Southwest and represented, respectively, the northernmost and westernmost extensions of maize-based horticulture in western North America. This exclusion results from a combination of factors, the most important of which are geography and the territorial behavior of some …
Cultural And Contextual Differentiation Of Mesoamerican Iconography In The Southwest/Northwest, Michael T. Searcy
Cultural And Contextual Differentiation Of Mesoamerican Iconography In The Southwest/Northwest, Michael T. Searcy
Faculty Publications
Ample research has documented the long-term interaction between Mesoamerica and the U.S. Southwest/Northwest Mexico (SW/NW). Nelson (2006:345) has used the phrase "Mesoamerican interaction markers" as a way to describe evidence of this contact in the SW/NW. He further defines these as "a variety of archaeological patterns that are reminiscent of Mesoamerican counterparts" including "objects, practices, and styles." Some of the interaction markers that have been studied at length are trade goods such as copper bells, macaws, shell, and iron pyrite mirrors (Bayman 2002; Bradley 1993; Ericson and Baugh 1993; Kelley 1966, 1995; Mathien 1993; McGuire 1993b; Nelson 2000; Riley 2005). …
Monkey Pots: Inferring Meaning Through Time And Space From Function, Decoration, And Context, Benjamin Jacob Skousen
Monkey Pots: Inferring Meaning Through Time And Space From Function, Decoration, And Context, Benjamin Jacob Skousen
Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, I interpret the meaning of “monkey pots,” a pottery vessel found throughout the Maya world. This study looks at three kinds of monkey pots recovered from the Mirador Basin. Carmelita Incised and Zacatal Polychrome monkey pots date to the Late Classic period (AD 680-800) and were manufactured in the Basin; Telchac Composite monkey pots date to the Terminal Classic period (AD 780-830) and were made in the Usumacinta River region. These monkey pots are described, followed by an analysis and comparison of the function, the monkey genus on the vessels, and the contexts from which the vessels …
Distribution, Function, And Value Of Parowan Valley Projectile Points, Aaron R. Woods
Distribution, Function, And Value Of Parowan Valley Projectile Points, Aaron R. Woods
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis primarily addresses the quantities and distributions of Fremont projectile points in the Parowan Valley. First, I review previous research performed in Parowan Valley and outline currently accepted projectile point analysis and typology methods. I also review ethnographic data surrounding the function and value of projectile points. Then, I provide the results of an analysis of all projectile points in the Parowan Valley Archaeological Project collection. I note the large amount of projectile points in this collection and compare it to projectile point counts from other large Fremont sites.I also note chronological patterns in Parowan Valley using projectile points …
Paleoindian Lifeways Of Paleoarchaic Peoples: A Faunal Analysis Of Early Occupations At North Creek Shelter, Utah, Bradley A. Newbold
Paleoindian Lifeways Of Paleoarchaic Peoples: A Faunal Analysis Of Early Occupations At North Creek Shelter, Utah, Bradley A. Newbold
Theses and Dissertations
Recent archaeological research within the American west, especially the Great Basin (e.g., Graf and Schmitt 2007), has perpetuated the notion of decreased residential mobility accompanied by increased diet breadth of hunter-gatherer groups during the Early Holocene. The earliest occupations at North Creek Shelter (NCS), a multicomponent site in south-central Utah, date to this time, specifically the Paleoarchaic (~10,000-9000 BP) and Early Archaic (~9000-7500 BP) periods. The zooarchaeological data from these levels were analyzed to determine whether Paleoarchaic occupations on the Colorado Plateau possessed greater residential mobility and narrower diet breadth than those of the Early Archaic, as they do in …
Residential Mobility Of Paleoarchaic And Early Archaic Occupants At North Creek Shelter (42ga5863): An Analysis Of Chipped Stone Artifacts, Mark L. Bodily
Residential Mobility Of Paleoarchaic And Early Archaic Occupants At North Creek Shelter (42ga5863): An Analysis Of Chipped Stone Artifacts, Mark L. Bodily
Theses and Dissertations
Early human activity in the arid west has been of interest for many researchers over the last century. However, relatively little is known about Paleoarchaic occupants of the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin because stratified Paleoarchaic sites in these regions are rare. Linked with the climatic Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene transition, the Paleoarchaic to Early Archaic transition has also captured interest in the central Great Basin with recent data coming out of Bonneville Estates Rockshelter—a site containing Pre-Archaic and Early Archaic components in eastern Nevada. These new data provide a model for testing differences in the chipped stone assemblage inferring changes …
Fremont Site Distribution In The Upper Escalante River Drainage, Deborah C. Harris
Fremont Site Distribution In The Upper Escalante River Drainage, Deborah C. Harris
Theses and Dissertations
A Fremont site distribution model for the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument during the period A.D. 500—1050/1100 posits that the Fremont subsistence strategy (seasonal mobility with dependence on both agriculture and hunting/foraging) is reflected by a site pattern of low-investment, seasonal or short-term habitation sites and isolated storage facilities at "lowland" elevations, and high-investment, long-term residence sites at "upland" elevations (McFadden 1998, 2000). This research assesses the model to evaluate its general precision, looking particularly at its success in modeling site locations for long-term residential versus seasonal/short-term habitation sites. A database including more than 400 Fremont sites was created to evaluate …
Parentage Statements And Paired Stelae: Signs Of Dynastic Succession For The Classic Maya, Daniel Moroni Stewart
Parentage Statements And Paired Stelae: Signs Of Dynastic Succession For The Classic Maya, Daniel Moroni Stewart
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis is to describe and document parentage statements and paired stela found on Maya monuments or portable objects. While the existence of parentage statements, within the Maya text, has been known since the late 1970s, no thesis or major research project has ever been published pertaining to this class of glyphs within the Maya script. In 1977 Christopher Jones is credited with the discovery of parentage statements in Maya hieroglyphic texts (Jones 1977). His discovery was followed by a detailed analysis of parentage statements by Floyd Lounsbury, Peter Mathews, and Linda Schele (1977). They introduced most …
Parowan Valley Gaming Pieces And Insights Into Fremont Social Organization, Molly Allison Hall
Parowan Valley Gaming Pieces And Insights Into Fremont Social Organization, Molly Allison Hall
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis primarily addresses the implications of Fremont gaming pieces in the Parowan Valley. First, I review ethnographic gaming pieces and compare them to the Fremont worked bone pieces in order to support the idea that they were used by the Fremont in games similar to the ones recorded ethnographically. Then, I analyze a collection of Fremont gaming pieces from excavations at three Parowan Valley sites. I note drastic differences in the characteristics found on pieces inside the Parowan Valley and those form outside the Parowan Valley. It is also clear that gaming pieces are being produced in the Parowan …
Late Homestead Period Householding At Benmore And Tintic Junction: Comparing Rural And Sub-Rural Communities In Tooele And Juab Counties, Utah, Jennifer Aurora Beard
Late Homestead Period Householding At Benmore And Tintic Junction: Comparing Rural And Sub-Rural Communities In Tooele And Juab Counties, Utah, Jennifer Aurora Beard
Theses and Dissertations
Historical archaeologists are turning more and more attention to the study of capitalism in post-Industrialist nations. Rhoda Halperin's concept of householding considers networks of families or other groups that operate outside of the mainstream capitalist economy. The concept is most often applied in anthropological contexts, but may be a useful tool in the study of homesteading in the American West. At Benmore, a small homesteading community in southern Rush Valley, Tooele County, Utah, 20 families sought to survive by dry farming in a marginal environment. The enthusiasm of such residents as Israel Bennion, whose journal provides deep insight into the …
Hidden Village (42sa2112): A Basket Maker Iii Community In Montezuma Canyon, Utah, Donald G. Montoya
Hidden Village (42sa2112): A Basket Maker Iii Community In Montezuma Canyon, Utah, Donald G. Montoya
Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on the Basketmaker III period of the Ancestral Puebloan culture commonly known as the Anasazi, which means ‘ancient stranger’ or ‘ancient enemy’ in the Navajo language, or as preferred by the Hopi; "Hisatsinom" for "The Ones Who Came Before." I use the terms Anasazi and Ancestral Puebloan interchangeably in this study. My particular focus concentrates on a Basketmaker III settlement (42Sa2112 – Hidden Village) in Montezuma Canyon in southeastern Utah. My thesis presents data and an interpretive hypothesis that village formation and complex social organization emerged earlier than most standard texts (Plog 1997) assume. Analysis of …
Cultic Niches In The Nabataean Landscape: A Study In The Orientation, Facade Ornamentation, Sanctuary Organization, And Function Of Nabataean Cultic Niches, Holly A. Raymond
Cultic Niches In The Nabataean Landscape: A Study In The Orientation, Facade Ornamentation, Sanctuary Organization, And Function Of Nabataean Cultic Niches, Holly A. Raymond
Theses and Dissertations
Niches are common features in the Nabataean landscape (Healey 2001; Starcky 1966: cols. 1008-10; Patrich 1990:50-113). From their frequent appearance in the archeological record, it is evident that the Nabataeans placed great importance on these cultic features. However, very little is known about them. The purpose of this study was to find and record Nabataean cultic niches in a field survey and then to interpret these niches as part of a research design that proposed purposes of niche variation in construction, orientation, and placement of niches on the landscape. My research addresses several neglected issues in the study of cultic …
Shinarump Red Ware And Other Red Ware Pottery North And West Of The Colorado River, James R. Allison
Shinarump Red Ware And Other Red Ware Pottery North And West Of The Colorado River, James R. Allison
Faculty Publications
In November 2007, the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) hosted a conference to discuss, clarify, and where necessary revise the standard typology used for prehistoric Puebloan pottery found in northwestern Arizona, southwestern Utah, and southeastern Nevada. The multi-state nature of the area covered makes precise geographical description awkward, but the conference was titled Prehistoric Puebloan Pottery North and West of the Colorado River. Margaret Lyneis and Kelley Hays-Gilpin organized the conference, and they have provided a general discussion of the conference and its conclusions in an earlier edition of Pottery Southwest (Lyneis and Hays-Gilpin 2008). Participants continue to work on …
Ceramic Variability And Cultural Diversity In The Northern San Juan Region, Janet Hagopian, James R. Allison
Ceramic Variability And Cultural Diversity In The Northern San Juan Region, Janet Hagopian, James R. Allison
Faculty Publications
The Northern San Juan region during the Pueblo I period has been subdivided into eastern and western groups based on differences in site structure and organization. Ceramic assemblages from across the Northern San Juan region also vary significantly. This poster uses both stylistic and technological traits to examine ceramic variability between Animas- La Plata sites and contemporary sites from the surrounding Northern San Juan region. The ceramics suggest at least three regionalized traditions, implying a greater degree of cultural diversity than previously suspected.
Abajo Red-On-Orange And Early Pueblo I Cultural Diversity In The Northern San Juan Region, James R. Allison
Abajo Red-On-Orange And Early Pueblo I Cultural Diversity In The Northern San Juan Region, James R. Allison
Faculty Publications
During the early Pueblo I period, between A.D. 750 and 800, the first aggregated villages formed in what are now southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado. At the same time, a new ceramic type, Abajo Red-on-orange, appeared and became the predominant decorated ceramic type at some early villages. Both the technology and the highly variable designs of Abajo Red-on-orange were unprecedented in local ceramics, suggesting the involvement of immigrant potters, a period of unusual innovation, or both. This paper documents the technology, distribution, and designs of Abajo Red-on-orange and what they suggest about early Pueblo I cultural diversity.