Anthropology Commons^™

Population Differences In Human Mandibular Growth, Madison Hubbart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Mandibles are one of the most common bones encountered in the human archaeological record. Variation in mandibular morphology is often associated with differences in subsistence strategy as masticatory stresses influence bone growth and development. Bone growth is stimulated by bone modeling, the process by which formation and resorption occur through the uncoupled activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. There is a limited understanding of bone modeling patterns in humans due to a lack of quantitative data and small sample sizes. The aim of this research was to address the question: is there a shared bone modeling pattern in the mandible …

Chemical Analysis For Phytochemical Residues On Ceramics From Cape Canaveral Archaeological Sites, Jacob Woodard

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study aims to contribute to the field of paleoethnobotany in Florida archaeology by presenting a novel approach to chemical residue analysis using UV-vis spectroscopy. The project's main goals are to develop a spectroscopic method for analyzing ceramics to identify phytochemical residues and present the findings of chemical analysis applied to ceramics from the Cape Canaveral archaeological mitigation project (CCAMP). The study focuses on two sites, the Penny site (8BR158) and Burns site (8BR85) in Florida's Indian River region.

While organic residue analysis (ORA) has been applied to various materials and regions, limited research ORA on has been conducted within …

Plants And Environment: A Paleoethnobotanical Analysis Of The Vosburg Site (21fa002), Jaelyn Elizabeth Stebbins

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Recognized archaeologically by their distinct material culture, Oneota sites exist in many ecological zones across the Upper Midwest during the late Precontact period, c. 1000-1700 CE. Consequently, the sites are hardly homogenous. Across localities, Oneota groups are recognized as food producers who grew Zea mays (maize), Cucurbita pepo (squash), and later Phaseolus vulgaris (bean). The utilization of other wild and domesticated botanical resources across localities is not as well documented.. While extensive paleoethnobotanical analyses have been completed for the late Precontact period in southeastern Minnesota (Schirmer) and southwestern Wisconsin (Arzigian), little is known about plant utilization by Oneota groups on …

Chain As A Missing Artifact: Enslavement And Restraint On The Hernando De Soto Expedition, Chester B. Depratter, James B. Legg

Faculty & Staff Publications

The passage of the Hernando de Soto expedition (1539-1543) though the southeastern United States resulted in a scatter of artifacts distributed along the route. These materials were gifted or traded to, or taken by Native Ameri­cans, or were simply lost as Soto and his company moved from place to place. Perishable items such as clothing, fabrics, and wooden objects disappeared long ago. Non-perishable items such as weaponry, chainmail, coins, nails, bells, and a wide array of other metal objects have been recovered by both avocational and professional archae­ologists at scattered sites along the route. One class of non-perishable artifact associated …

An Archeozoological Analysis Of The Vosburg Site In Southern Minnesota, Madison M. Rutter

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The Blue Earth Oneota is a poorly defined taxon located in southern Minnesota. Few large-scale excavations have been conducted in the Blue Earth region, leading to gaps in the overall understating of western Oneota lifeway systems. This research utilizes archeozoological analysis on the zoological assemblage from the Vosburg site (21FA02), a Blue Earth Oneota site located in Faribault County. The Vosburg site is a large habitation site that has been excavated by Wilford in 1938 and 1947, Dobbs in 1979, and Schirmer in 2012. Legacy data from the 1938, 1947, and 1979 excavations was analyzed and compared to the zoological …

Fox Lake – Havanoid Interaction: An Analysis Of Eleanor Site Pottery, Rahman Abdullayev

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Through the analysis of pottery remains found at the Eleanor archaeological site, the study investigates the relationship between the Fox Lake culture and the Havanoid phases. The relationship between the Fox Lake complex of the southwestern prairie area and the Havanoid phases of the eastern woodlands is poorly understood in southern Minnesota. Despite it is potential to provide information about this relationship, the Eleanor site (21NL30) collection was never thoroughly studied after the excavation.

Richard Strachan conducted excavations at the Eleanor site between 1976 and 1978. A total of 124 pottery sherds were examined, with 76 being rim sherds and …

Collecting And Curating Covid-19 Heritage: Challenges Of Conservation And Management, Kelly Britt

Publications and Research

The COVID-19 pandemic raises questions about curation, collecting, and the ethics of documenting a traumatic event as it occurs in real time. Such concerns became clear as the co-authors embarked on a multi-sited study of the pandemic’s impact on four communities in

two different countries. Defining an ‘artefact’ or what is archaeologi- cal, for instance, became a complicated exercise; do chalk artworks

on the sidewalk, painted rocks lining a neighbourhood trail, posters stapled on community billboards, and stuffed animals in someone’s window count as archaeological artefacts? Determining the temporal boundaries of the pandemic is also difficult; while it is fairly …

Zooarchaeology Of The Grissom Site (45kt301), Kittitas Valley, Washington, Steven Spencer

All Master's Theses

The Grissom site of central Washington was excavated 1967-71 by students and faculty from Central Washington State College. The site may represent a portion of a large, springtime intertribal gathering near Kittitas known as Che-lo-han, which involved camas root gathering, tribal councils, and social activities. Extensive radiocarbon dating places occupation ~1810-130 BP, based on 20 of 21 radiocarbon dates, with some stratigraphic mixing. Site materials have been subject to several previous studies, including a 2018 undergraduate pilot study by the author. Other fauna have not been reported outside of a 2012 fish analysis by Lubinski and Partlow. In consultation with …

Pipe Smoking And Oral Health In Males From The Netherlands During The 18th-19th Century, Sarah Inskip, Liam Michael Zachary, Maria Serrano Ruber, Menno Hoogland

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

SUMMARY: The impact of tobacco on health is undeniable. It is a significant risk factor for multiple conditions, including oral diseases. There has been little research on pipe smoking and oral disease in the past. We compare caries, calculus, tooth loss, periapical lesions, and periodontal disease between rural 13th–16th century pre-tobacco males from Klaaskinderkerke and 18th–19th century pipe-using males from Beemster (N = 64). Pipe-smokers were more affected by all pathologies. Pipe smoking was a strongly gendered habit and possibly more common in the countryside. This work demonstrates a need to consider the impact of new imported behaviours on health …

Tracking Subtle Differences In Selective Conditions Across Microenvironments As Reflected In The Lithic Assemblages At The Sunrise Ridge Borrow Pit Site (45pi408) And The Buck Lake Site (45pi438), Mount Rainier National Park, Breann Stoner

All Master's Theses

Two open-air residential basecamp sites at Mount Rainier, the Buck Lake site and the Sunrise Ridge Borrow Pit site, are analyzed and compared using a protocol designed to identify variation in stone tool manufacture and use. This research employs a model rooted in evolutionary archaeology theory. The model uses the variables of cost and performance to measure lithic variation, which is often subtle, across space and time. Selective conditions differ over time at the two sites’ locations and appear to drive lithic variation in the archaeological record. The Buck Lake and Sunrise Ridge Borrow Pit sites share many similarities, likely …

Ballistic Experiments With A Sample Of 3-D Printed Columbia Plateau Projectile Point Types, Aren Orsen

All Master's Theses

Recent advances in 3-D scanning and printing offer the means for experimental archaeologists to utilize reproductions of artifacts for analysis and interpretation. In this case study I accurately reproduce a sample of Columbia Plateau projectile points, measure their ballistic properties with an experimental approach, and test the effectiveness and function of point types representing different time periods. Eight morphologically distinct projectile points were 3-D scanned, printed, and test fired into a clay target. Velocity, kinetic energy, momentum, penetration, and wound channel size were measured. Results indicate all eight arrow mounted point types were suitable for small to medium game. Variations …

The Precontact Utilization Of A Depressional Wetland At The Gresston Spring Site (9dg152) In Dodge County, Georgia, Jonathan L. Brown

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The natural formation processes of depressional wetlands and the resultant resources they provided along the South Atlantic slope were important to a variety of plant and animal species during the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. The utilization of these areas by precontact indigenous populations has provided important data for archaeological interpretations of site formation processes and settlement patterns seen predominately during the Paleoindian and Archaic periods. Prominent archaeological research conducted within the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina looks at indigenous utilization of depressional wetlands and Carolina bays, however, minimal research on this subject has been pursued in Georgia. This …

Social Transformation During The Middle - Late Preclassic (1,000 Bce - 150 Bce) At Ucí, Yucatan Mexico, Daniel Vallejo-Cáliz

Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology

The focus of this project is to track the social change developments in Ucí, Yucatan, Mexico, during the Middle (1,000 – 400 BCE) and Late Preclassic (400 – 150 BCE) that served as foundations to institutionalized hierarchy. This research is geared towards understanding if there were any expressions of social differentiation in the earliest, detectable moments in the history of Ucí, and what were the mechanisms used to eventually make distinctions permanent. Applying an agency approach, I argue that social actors may cause structural change, both consciously and inadvertently, through the application of several strategies aimed to enhancing their role …

Diagnosing Neurocysticercosis In Skeletonized Human Remains Of Forensic Importance, John O. Obafunwa, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Neurocysticercosis is endemic in many parts of the underdeveloped and developing countries, with continuous presence in developed countries due to the influx of migrants from regions where the diseases are endemic. Neuroimaging, anatomic pathological techniques, immunodiagnostic tests, clinical examination and epidemiologic considerations will easily provide the diagnosis. However, physicians in developed countries are perhaps progressively missing the diagnosis, and need to re-acquaint themselves with the condition and acquire a high suspicion index. The authors present a medicolegal case where the forensic team made a conclusion of neurocysticercosis (among other diagnoses), following post mortem examination of a largely skeletonized and mummified …

Documenting The Presence Of Chagas Disease In Prehistoric North America: Applying The Stockholm Paradigm To Archaeoparasitology, Part Ii, Karl J. Reinhard, Daniel R. Brooks, Aida Romera Barbera, T. Michael Fink

Karl Reinhard Publications

The DAMA protocol (Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) is the applied aspect of the Stockholm Paradigm. Evidence from archaeology and history of medicine has a demonstrated value in documenting infection risk for specific study areas. Bioarchaeological remains and historical documents show vivid examples of pathology related to the Chagas disease life cycle. The science of archaeology defines the lifestyles that created risk of triatomine kissing bug infestations and trypanosome protozoa infections. Paleogenetics, in the form of molecular analyses of Trypanosoma cruzi, elucidate the temporal origins of genetic variants and adaptation to human environments. We illustrate how these fields reveal the risk …

Exploring The Evolution Of Trypanosoma Cruzi And The Emergence Of Chagas Disease In The Context Of Environmental Change: Applying The Stockholm Paradigm To Archaeoparasitology, Part I, Aida Romera Barbera, Daniel R. Brooks, T. Michael Fink, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The Stockholm Paradigm is an evolutionary synthesis that explains the emergence of novel pathogens in the context of environmental disturbances. Considering the urgent climate change situation, anticipation stands as key to prevent and mitigate the effects that climate change can have in the emergence of pathogens. However, the success of preventive measures is hindered by a limited knowledge of the interplaying dynamics between biology, environment, and culture leading to emerging infectious diseases. For many decades, bioarchaeologists have been gathering data on past human-environment interactions, therefore contributing to the conversation. Archaeoparasitology, at the intersection between pathology, bioarchaeology, and biology, is uniquely …

Local Or Import? A Compositional Analysis Of Aztec Ritual Ceramics In The Tuxtlas Frontier, Veracruz, Mexico, Matthew T. Meyer

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

At the time of Spanish Contact in the early 16th Century the western Tuxtlas region formed part of the Aztec imperial frontier in the southern Gulf lowlands. The most apparent material manifestation of this imperial connection was Aztec-style Texcoco-Molded Censers, recovered primarily from sites that served local centralizing functions. While rare, these symbols may provide valuable information on the dynamics of frontier politics and the relations between this region and the distant core to which they were sending tax payments. Initial consideration of this adopted imperial style implies political linkages, but the mechanisms of introduction, knowledge transmission, imperial versus local …

Ancient Migrations In West Mexico: Mtdna Analyses, Patricio Gutiérrez Ruano

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Despite the mounting evidence that suggests The Aztatlán tradition in West Mexico was a major cosmopolitan region during the Postclassic period (AD 900-1521) with connections to the rest of what is now Mexico, archaeologists have characterized items in West Mexico as culturally distinct from the rest of Mesoamerica. Recently, endogenous, and exogenous material culture has been interpreted as movement and exchange of goods and ideas between subregions and surrounding areas, all of which mention physical contact and trade were involved between Aztatlán and elsewhere. This has included interacting with areas as far as the U.S. Southwest, as well as in …

Perkembangan Kanal Oud Batavia Abad Xvii–Xx: Tinjauan Sejarah Perkotaan, Heru Mulyanto

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Urban environmental problems such as flooding and water pollution have actually occurred in Jakarta (formerly Batavia) since the Dutch colonial era. Batavia was one of the cities with a myriad of urban planning problems, such as canal flooding which continues to this day. This article was written to find the root of the water problem in Jakarta by reviewing the development of canal construction from the Oud Batavia to the Nieuwe Batavia era. This study was conducted to identify the colonial government’s methods for dealing with flooding and repairing problematic canals. Thus, this research is expected to provide an insight …

Bingkai Heteroseksisme Dalam Karya Sastra Indonesia Kontemporer Bertemakan Homoseksualitas, Lee Yeon

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Since the early 2000’s, Indonesian literary works raising the issue of homosexuality have been increasing in number. However, the proliferation of discourse on homosexuality cannot be necessarily interpreted as Indonesian literature’s increasing sympathy with homosexuality. Adequate discussion is needed regarding perceptions, perspectives, and attitudes towards homosexuality in literary works with the theme of homosexuality. In relation to this, we found that works raising the issue of homosexuality have not been able to escape from the framework of the prevailing social order and norms, namely heterosexism. This study aims to see how the idea of heterosexism works in narrating and embodying …

Dampak Strategi Koping Masyarakat Jawa Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19, Faruq Faruq, Hanum Midya Syahrina, Nureyzwan Sabani, Siti Rahmawati, Laksmy Dewi Sukmakarti, Nanik Prihartanti

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

The Coping Strategy is a way that is considered effective in overcoming the problems experienced by the Indonesian people during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the Javanese people. The implementation of the coping strategy will have a positive impact on the lives of the Javanese people in carrying out daily activities. The research method used in this study is qualitative to uncover the meaning of social problems experienced by individuals or communities, with the focus of research being the impact of implementing the coping strategy of the Javanese community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collection technique used in this study …

The Function Of A Nail: An Archaeological Examination Of Three 18th- And 19th-Century Eastern Pequot Reservation Homes In Southeastern Connecticut, Salvatore A. Ciccone

Graduate Masters Theses

This thesis examines three indigenous households excavated on the Eastern Pequot reservation in North Stonington, Connecticut. Architectural artifact and spatial analyses, combined with historical documents, are utilized to understand reservation building practices of Native Americans navigating colonialism in the 18th and 19th century. The homes are small in design with at least one window and one stone chimney each. They all possessed cellars, but not all are stone-lined. Nails and window glass serve as the primary architectural artifact classes in this work, with an emphasis on their manufacture and modification. Examining nail and glass type, quantity, modification, and spatial patterns …

Perkembangan Aspek Ilmu Pengetahuan Dalam Industri Perkebunan Di Sumatra Timur 1863–1942, Devi Itawan

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This study aims to reveal the relationship between science and the plantation industry on colonial expansion in East Sumatra. In this study, science is regarded as a colonial construction, which in the context of East Sumatra was used as a tool for colonial expansion, supporting the process of surplus accumulation through the plantation industry. This research applied the historical method, in which analysis was carried out on primary sources such as colonial scientific publications, travelogues, newspapers, and magazines. An examination of these primary sources was conducted by analyzing the text and the context. The decolonial perspective provides an analytical framework …

Kuasa Media Atas Masturbasi: Studi Diskursus Youtube Clarin Hayes Dan Lampu Islam, Akbar Mawlana, Naufalul Ihya’ Ulumuddin

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Various productions of knowledge about masturbation are channeled through the media. The production of knowledge disseminated through technology presents ambivalent conditions that make individual consciousness never complete. However, various studies on masturbation have not touched the media aspect. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the power of the media on masturbation in producing social body discipline. Foucault’s concept of discourse becomes a theoretical knife. Foucault’s discourse orientation leads to an analysis of the power of knowledge on the discipline of social action. The research method is qualitative. The media used are Youtube Clarin Hayes and Lampu Islam. …

“Cuando Crezca, Quiero Ser Fotógrafo”: Caminos De La Producción Audiovisual De Kamikia Kisêdjê, Rodrigo Lacerda, Ximena Flores Rojas, Tatiane Maíra Klein

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Entrevista con Kamikia Kisêdjê.

Movements In C Minor: Vocal Soundscapes In Eastern Amazonia (Araweté), Guilherme Orlandini Heurich

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This article examines the capture of forest spirits through music in the Anĩ pihi speech-songs of the Araweté, a small Amerindian society in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The Anĩ pihi are unique in their combination of spoken and sung forms, in which spirits and divinities are voiced by a ritual specialist. I explore how particular sounds index the presence of different kinds of others (gods and spirits), and how these sounds are, in turn, related to the use of reported speech – in other words, how others talk about other others in sung form. As such, the Anĩ pihi are a …

Camaraderie, Mentorship, And Manhood: Contemporary Indigenous Identities Among The A’Uwẽ (Xavante) Of Central Brazil, James R. Welch

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Rites of passage and associated social processes and configurations can foster a sense of shared purpose, fraternity, and dedication to community through common experiences of group trials and commitment. A’uwẽ (Xavante) age organization entails the social production of manhood through a privileged form of male camaraderie constructed through age sets and mentorship, rooted in the shared experience of rites of passage and coresidence in the pre-initiate boys’ house. This process is central to how A’uwẽ men understand themselves, their social relations with certain delineated segments of society, and their ethnic identity. It is a basic social configuration contributing to the …

Accuracy, Precision, And Efficiency: Comparing Mapping Techniques In Nixtun-Ch’Ich’, Petén, Guatemala, Gabriela Zygadlo

Theses and Dissertations

New archaeological survey technologies have transformed the way in which sites are mapped. Nixtun-Ch’ich’ in Petén, Guatemala has been surveyed in a variety of ways including a theodolite with an electronic distance measurement (EDM), total station (TS), laser imaging, detection and ranging (LiDAR), and photogrammetry. This paper aims to compare various mapping techniques and their accuracy, precision, and efficiency when pertaining specifically to mapping in Nixtun-Ch’ich’, Petén, Guatemala. The goal is to evaluate which technique is most efficient when mapping in the site by considering the variables of cost, time, and environment of the site. The paper also considers the …

An Inventory And Analysis Of Human Remains From The Aklis Site (12vam1-42) Curated At Mississippi State University, Kaelyn Olson

Theses and Dissertations

This project was an inventory and analysis of human remains from the Aklis archaeological site (12VAm1-42), located in the Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The human remains inventoried during this project were collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and MSU during surface collection and emergency salvage excavations at Aklis. The statistical analysis of the data focused on the minimum number of individuals (MNI) per square meter, the degree of long bone completion, skeletal element counts across excavated features, and the degree of weathering. Results indicate that the assemblage curated at MSU includes a …

Jaws And Effect: A Preliminary Archaeological Analysis On Shark And Ray Remains From The Coastal Florida Site Of Marineland, Isabella Rosinko

Symposium of Student Scholars

Marineland is a coastal Florida site, located in the East and Central archaeological region, and occupied from the Middle Archaic (5000-3000 BC) to the St. Johns I and II periods (AD 500-1565). My focus will be on faunal remains dated between the St. Johns I and II periods. For this project, I will be conducting a zooarchaeological analysis of shark and ray remains. Zooarchaeology is the study of animal or faunal remains found in archaeological contexts. The faunal remains present at Marineland encompass a number of species, from terrestrial mammals to crabs. Historically there has been little archaeological significance given …