Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Researchers, Not Dogs, Lack Control In An Experiment On Jealousy, Jennifer Vonk

Animal Sentience

Cook and colleagues (2018) have developed a clever method to measure fMRI in awake dogs in response to a number of interesting stimuli. As a result, they are able to determine neural correlates of observable behavior. They report that dogs may experience something akin to jealousy because they show greater amygdala activation in response to food being given to a fake dog versus food being placed in a bucket. However, several critical controls are missing which prevent the authors from being able to speak of jealousy.

Slides: Crystalised Not Frozen: Addressing Historical Exclusion Of Traditional Owners From Water, Poh-Ling Tan

Indigenous Water Justice Symposium (June 6)

Poh-Ling Tan, Griffith University

13 slides

A Behavioral And Biopsychological Investigation Of The Role Of The Illusion Of Control And Perseverative Chasing Between Problem And Non-Problem Gamblers, Brett Evan Bauchner

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The illusion of control is associated with problem gambling. The perception that one is in control of a random event, when in reality there is no control, can facilitate problem gambling behaviors. The degree or extent of control may activate physiological mechanism of increased excitation and reward that reinforce gambling. In the studies presented here, performance on simulated gambling tasks that provided varying levels gambling participation were compared to physiological measures of behavioral activation in problem gambler and nongamblers. Participants watched video clips of three horseraces scenarios that permitted different degrees of participation and control over wagering. Concurrently saliva samples …

Inline Control Period: An Important Methodological Design Consideration For Assessing Adaptation To A Resistance Training Intervention, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Alison Britton

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Potential Roles Of Abundant Extracellular Chaperones In The Control Of Amyloid Formation And Toxicity, Mark R. Wilson, Justin J. Yerbury, Stephen Poon

Mark R Wilson

The in vivo formation of fibrillar proteinaceous deposits called amyloid is associated with more than 40 serious human diseases, collectively referred to as protein deposition diseases. In many cases the amyloid deposits are extracellular and are found associated with newly identified abundant extracellular chaperones (ECs). Evidence is presented suggesting an important regulatory role for ECs in amyloid formation and disposal in the body. A model is presented which proposes that, under normal conditions, ECs stabilize extracellular misfolded proteins by binding to them, and then guide them to specific cell receptors for uptake and subsequent degradation. Thus ECs and their receptors …

Feedback Regulation Of Temporal Muscle Activation Patterns For Postural Control Before And After Peripheral Neuropathy, L Ting, D Lockhart, P Stapley, J Macpherson

Dr Paul J Stapley

Introduction: Neural mechanislllS determining temporal pattcl1ls of muscle activity during poshlral responses are not understood. Fulluwing pyridoxine inuuced somatosensory loss in cats, unset latencies of automatic poshu-al responses are delayed, and balance is impaired. We introduce a new method for correlating temporal patterns of muscle activation with task-level variahles in the context of postural responses to perturbation. Methods: We measured postmal responses to support smface tronslations before and after loss of group I afferents indnced by pyridoxine intoxication. We reconstructed temporal EMG patterns llsing a feedback loop with delays, on CoM acceleration. velocity, and displacement. Resnlts: Prior to lesion, temporal …

Neck Muscle Fatigue And Postural Control In Patients With Whiplash Injury, Paul Stapley, Maria Beretta, Elena Toffola, Marco Schieppati

Dr Paul J Stapley

Objectives: To examine if patients with whiplash injury show identifiable increases in neck muscle fatigability and associated increase in postural body sway after contractions of dorsal neck muscles, and if physiotherapy treatment reduces these effects. Methods: Sway was measured during stance in 13 patients before and after 5 min of isometric dorsal neck muscle contractions and after recovery, pre- and post-physiotherapy, using a force platform. Amplitude and median frequency of neck muscle EMG were calculated during the contracting period. After each stance trial, patients gave a subjective score of sway. Results: Pre-treatment, seven patients showed EMG signs of fatigue (increases …

A Common Neural Substrate For The Control Of Anticipatory And Compensatory Postural Responses, Paul Stapley, Benedicte Schepens, Trevor Drew

Dr Paul J Stapley

We have shown previously that reticulospinal neurones (RSNs) in the brainstem pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) contribute to the production of the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) that precede reaching movements executed in a standing pOSition (Schepens and Drew, 2004, 2006; Schepens, Stapley and Drew, 2008). More recently (Stapley and Drew, 2009), we have also shown that cells in the PMRF contribute to the production of the compensatory responses that are produced by unexpected perturbations (drops) of the support surface from under one paw during quiet stance. In this poster we address the question of whether the same cells in the PMRF …

Posture Control During Online Corrections Of Arm Movements Is Predictive, Julia Leonard, Paul Stapley

Dr Paul J Stapley

The control of reaching to a target in standing involves the feed-forward programming of associated postural adjustments (a PAs) that decelerate the body and arm toward the target (Leonard et ai, 2009). However, little is known about the control of aPAs in situations where the final position of the target goal shifts after the reach movement has been initiated. We hypothesized that a predictive reprogramming of the aPA would occur prior to the adjustment of the arm movement to ensure correct execution of the reaching movement. Using a double step paradigm, we investigated the postural adjustments in standing humans exposed …

Independent Control Of Limb Force Underlies Stability During Voluntary Head Movements In Standing Humans, Paul Stapley, Alicia Hilderley, Julia Leonard

Dr Paul J Stapley

Postural stability during voluntary head movements is maintained through the integration of vestibular and neck afferent inputs. These inputs combine to accurately estimate trunk position in space, relative to a turning head. In animals, a loss of vestibular information leads to an active destabilization of balance as neck afferent information is interpreted as a movement of the trunk under a stable head (Stapley et al. 2006).

Neuromuscular Control And Exercise-Related Leg Pain In Triathletes, Andrew Chapman, Paul Hodges, Andrew Briggs, Paul Stapley, Bill Vicenzino

Dr Paul J Stapley

Previous studies have shown that cycling can directly influence neuromuscular control during subsequent running in some highly trained triathletes. A relationship between this altered neuromuscular control of running and musculoskeletal pain and injury has been proposed; however, this link has not been investigated. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during subsequent running in highly trained triathletes with and without exercise-related leg pain (ERLP). METHODS: Participants were 34 highly trained triathletes: 10 triathletes with a history of ERLP and 24 training-matched control triathletes with no history of ERLP. Knee and ankle kinematics and leg …

Predicting Avian Distributions To Evaluate Spatiotemporal Overlap With Locust Control Operations In Eastern Australia, Judit K. Szabo, Pamela J. Davy, Michael Hooper, Lee Astheimer

Dr Pamela Davy

Locusts and grasshoppers cause considerable economic damage to agriculture worldwide. The Australian Plague Locust Commission uses multiple pesticides to control locusts in eastern Australia. Avian exposure to agricultural pesticides is of conservation concern, especially in the case of rare and threatened species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of pesticide exposure of native avian species during operational locust control based on knowledge of species occurrence in areas and times of application. Using presence-absence data provided by the Birds Australia Atlas for 1998 to 2002, we developed a series of generalized linear models to predict avian occurrences …

Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell

Dr Marijka Batterham

Objective: Investigation of relative bias in diet history measurement during dietary intervention trials. Design: Retrospective analysis of human dietary data from two randomised controlled trials examining modified fat diets in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Setting: Wollongong, Australia. Subjects: Thirty-five overweight, otherwise healthy subjects in trial 1 and 56 subjects with diabetes in trial 2. Interventions: Diet history interviews and three-day weighed food records administered at one-month intervals in trial 1 and three-month intervals in trial 2. Results: In a cross-sectional bias analysis, graphs of the association between bias and mean dietary intake showed that bias …

Histamine H1 Receptor Agonist And Control Of Olanzapine-Induced Obesity, Jiamei Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, N Pai, C Deng

Xu-Feng Huang

No abstract provided.

Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell

L. C. Tapsell

Objective: Investigation of relative bias in diet history measurement during dietary intervention trials. Design: Retrospective analysis of human dietary data from two randomised controlled trials examining modified fat diets in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Setting: Wollongong, Australia. Subjects: Thirty-five overweight, otherwise healthy subjects in trial 1 and 56 subjects with diabetes in trial 2. Interventions: Diet history interviews and three-day weighed food records administered at one-month intervals in trial 1 and three-month intervals in trial 2. Results: In a cross-sectional bias analysis, graphs of the association between bias and mean dietary intake showed that bias …

Involving Providers And Patients In Cancer Control And Prevention Efforts. Barriers To Overcome, Donald Iverson

Don C. Iverson

Although progress has been made in providing cancer prevention and control services to the population, there remain sizeable segments of the population that are either uninvolved or underinvolved with national and state efforts. One method of reaching most of the population, including those segments currently not involved or underinvolved, is through primary care clinicians. Effective, albeit imperfect, strategies to increase the involvement of primary care clinicians in cancer prevention and control are available, and there is emerging evidence that these strategies are making a difference. Unfortunately, the progress made to date is at risk of being lost because of economic …

Smoking Control Programs: Premises And Promises, Donald Iverson

Don C. Iverson

No abstract provided.

The Association Between Job Demands/Control And Health In Employed Parents: The Mediating Role Of Work-To-Family Interference And Enhancement, Christopher Magee, Natalie Stefanic, Peter Caputi, Donald Iverson

Don C. Iverson

"This paper examined whether work-to-family interference (WFI) and work-to-family enhancement (WFE) mediated the association between job demands/control and self-reported mental and physical health. Data were from the Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia survey and included 1,404 Australian adults aged 18-64 years at baseline; 820 participants provided data at three time points (baseline, 12-month follow-up, and 24-month follow-up). Self-report questionnaires assessed mental and physical health, WFI and WFE, and job demands/control. Mediation analyzes performed on the longitudinal data indicated that WFI mediated the relationships between job demands/control and self-reported mental and physical health. The findings have implications for improving …

Inline Control Period: An Important Methodological Design Consideration For Assessing Adaptation To A Resistance Training Intervention, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Alison Britton

John Sampson

No abstract provided.

The Association Between Job Demands/Control And Health In Employed Parents: The Mediating Role Of Work-To-Family Interference And Enhancement, Christopher A. Magee, Natalie Stefanic, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

"This paper examined whether work-to-family interference (WFI) and work-to-family enhancement (WFE) mediated the association between job demands/control and self-reported mental and physical health. Data were from the Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia survey and included 1,404 Australian adults aged 18-64 years at baseline; 820 participants provided data at three time points (baseline, 12-month follow-up, and 24-month follow-up). Self-report questionnaires assessed mental and physical health, WFI and WFE, and job demands/control. Mediation analyzes performed on the longitudinal data indicated that WFI mediated the relationships between job demands/control and self-reported mental and physical health. The findings have implications for improving …

Functional Connectivity In Brain Networks Underlying Cognitive Control In Chronic Cannabis Users, Ian H. Harding, Nadia Solowij, Ben J. Harrison, Michael Takagi, Valentina Lorenzetti, Dan I. Lubman, Marc L. Seal, Christos Pantelis, Murat Yucel

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The long-term effect of regular cannabis use on brain function underlying cognitive control remains equivocal. Cognitive control abilities are thought to have a major role in everyday functioning, and their dysfunction has been implicated in the maintenance of maladaptive drug-taking patterns. In this study, the Multi-Source Interference Task was employed alongside functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysiological interaction methods to investigate functional interactions between brain regions underlying cognitive control. Current cannabis users with a history of greater than 10 years of daily or near-daily cannabis smoking (n=21) were compared with age, gender, and IQ-matched non-using controls (n=21). No differences in …

A Meta-Analysis Of Response Inhibition And Stroop Interference Control Deficits In Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi), Aneta Dimoska-Di Marco, Skye Mcdonald, Michelle Kelly, Robyn Tate, Stuart Johnstone

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Unravelling Some Of The Complexities Concerning The Neural Control Of Human Eccrine Sweating, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira, Peter L. Mclennan, Stephen Lillioja, Joanne N. Caldwell, Wilko Van Dijk, Nigel A. S Taylor

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The widely accepted, though not unequivocal, opinion concerning thermal and psychological (psychogenic) seating is tha the former is cholinergically mediated (Dale & Feldberg, 1934), while the latter is of noradrenergic origin (Robertshaw, 1977). Moreover, psychological sweating is thought to be elicited by a different neural centre (Ogawa, 1975), possibly through separate pathways (Chalmers & Keele, 1952) that exclusively innervate the glabrous (non-hairy) skin of the hands and feet (Darow, 1937, Kuno, 1956, Ogawa, 1975). Evidence for the cholinergic modulation of thermal sweating is incontrovertible. However, evidence supporting the theoretical control of psychological sweating is less than convincing. Following observations of …

Histamine H1 Receptor Agonist And Control Of Olanzapine-Induced Obesity, Jiamei Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, N Pai, C Deng

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Transcriptional Control Of Kcnq Channel Genes And The Regulation Of Neuronal Excitability, Mariusz Mucha, Lezanne Ooi, John Linley, Pawel Mordaka, Carine Dalle, Brian Robertson, Nikita Gamper, Ian C. Wood

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Regulation of the resting membrane potential and the repolarization of neurons are important in regulating neuronal excitability. The potassium channel subunits Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 play a key role in stabilizing neuronal activity. Mutations in KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, the genes encoding Kv7.2 and Kv7.3, cause a neonatal form of epilepsy, and activators of these channels have been identified as novel antiepileptics and analgesics. Despite the observations that regulation of these subunits has profound effects on neuronal function, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms responsible for controlling appropriate expression levels. Here we identify two mechanisms responsible for regulating KCNQ2 and …

Effect Of Two Types Of Tree Guards (With And Without Weed Control) On Tree Seedling Establishment, Brenton Ladd, Stephen P. Bonser, Joshua R. Larsen

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Does Lower Limb Neuromuscular Control Differ During Side-Step And Split-Step Cutting Manoeuvres?, Bridget J. Munro, Grant Trewartha, Julie R. Steele

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

During side-step cutting, all the monitored muscles were recruited simultaneously reflecting co-contraction. Conversely, during split-step cutting, rectus femoris was initially recruited, followed by synchronous vastii and medial hamstrings onset and then lateral hamstring muscle onset. Although there were subtle differences in onset, the hamstrings ceased activity earlier than the quadriceps muscles in both cutting manoeuvres. Paired t-tests indicated that vastus medialis displayed a significantly (p < 0.02) earlier onset in the side-step compared to the split-step and rectus femoris displayed significantly (p = 0.05) longer burst duration in the split-step compared to the side-step. Whether these altered neuromuscular patterns are protective to the knee during split-step cutting manoeuvres, perhaps due to reduced anterior drawer, warrants further investigation. However, should the neuromuscular patterns observed in the split-step protect the ACL from injury, research should also investigate whether split-step cutting manoeuvres display any performance detriment compared to side-step cutting manoeuvres.

Predicting Avian Distributions To Evaluate Spatiotemporal Overlap With Locust Control Operations In Eastern Australia, Judit K. Szabo, Pamela J. Davy, Michael Hooper, Lee Astheimer

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Locusts and grasshoppers cause considerable economic damage to agriculture worldwide. The Australian Plague Locust Commission uses multiple pesticides to control locusts in eastern Australia. Avian exposure to agricultural pesticides is of conservation concern, especially in the case of rare and threatened species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of pesticide exposure of native avian species during operational locust control based on knowledge of species occurrence in areas and times of application. Using presence-absence data provided by the Birds Australia Atlas for 1998 to 2002, we developed a series of generalized linear models to predict avian occurrences …

Stroke And Plasma Markers Of Milk Fat Intake - A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study, Bengt Vessby, Eva M. Warensjo, Goran Hallmans, Lars Weinehall, Ingegerd Johansson, Birgitta Stegmayr, Annika Smedman

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

Dairy products are high in saturated fat and are traditionally a risk factor for vascular diseases. The fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 of plasma lipids are biomarkers of milk fat intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of a first-ever stroke in relation to the plasma milk fat biomarkers.

Methods

A prospective case-control study was nested within two population based health surveys in Northern Sweden. Among 129 stroke cases and 257 matched controls, plasma samples for fatty acid analyses were available in 108 cases and 216 control subjects. Proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 of …

The Chaperone Action Of Clusterin And Its Putative Role In Quality Control Of Extracellular Protein Folding, Amy Wyatt, Justin Yerbury, Stephen Poon, Rebecca Dabbs, Mark Wilson

Mark R Wilson

The function(s) of clusterin may depend upon its topological location. A variety of intracellular "isoforms" of clusterin have been reported but further work is required to better define their identity. The secreted form of clusterin has a potent ability to inhibit both amorphous and amyloid protein aggregation. In the case of amorphous protein aggregation, clusterin forms stable, soluble high-molecular-weight complexes with misfolded client proteins. Clusterin expression is increased during many types of physiological and pathological stresses and is thought to function as an extracellular chaperone (EC). The pathology of a variety of serious human diseases is thought to arise as …