Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Perpetual Progression In The Schleswig-Holstein Duchy: History, Politics, And Religion, 1460-1864, Christian Anthony Ahlers

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

German nationalism in the Schleswig and Holstein duchies that predates the German Unification Wars of the Nineteenth Century continuously transformed in response to Danish encroachment, civic disputes regarding treaty legitimacy, and war. The Germans in the duchies fought to retain their ancestral homelands and, in doing so, embraced a pan-Germanic consciousness that is the foundation for early modern nationalism. This consciousness dates back hundreds of years. This case study examines the Germans of Schleswig and Holstein and their experiences with the consistent and pressing Danish encroachment. Despite the encroachment, the Germans remained connected with their culture, traditions, religion, and their …

The Scramble For Texas: European Diplomacy And Imperial Contest In The Republic Of Texas, 1835-1846, Penelope Lea Jacobus

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The story that this Dissertation analyses is the attempted European penetration of the North American borderlands during the independence of the Texas Republic. It will analyse how the independence of Texas ties into new forms of imperialism exercised by Europeans and U.S.-Americans during the first half of the nineteenth century, a time when shifting ideas about freedom and coercion, international law and rights, civilisation, nationhood, and trade redefined imperial possibilities. Imperialism in the nineteenth century had to be increasingly compatible with ideas of freedom and justice, such as free trade, free labour and the use of fair legal tenets in …

“We Are A Very Happy Family”: 19th-Century Familial Power Dynamics, Stella A. Ress

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

This article examines the roles of family members in the mid-19th century in America, using the Willard family as a case study. Ultimately, this thick description of the Willard family demonstrates that power within the family structure was neither intrinsic nor static; moreover, one person did not control the family and its decisions at all times. Instead, each family member, depending upon circumstances, situations, and his or her own nature, negotiated and laid claim to power through various sources of authority. Josiah Willard’s authority stemmed from his role as father and husband; society crowned him king of the household, and …

All You Knew: Twentieth Century Southern Appalachian Coal Miners And Their Experience With Death And Danger, Steven M. Malachowski 2978994

History Theses

Nineteenth century coal miners' oral interviews from Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia convey their experiences as individuals and of a general community. Southern Appalachian coal miners experienced nearly constant dangers and threats to their lives underground which helped shape their relationships between other miners and industry controls. Added to coal miners’ occupational hazards, the long term emphysemic effects of coal mining and the physical prevalence of coal dust in the coal miner’s life created a life defined by danger. Miners reconciled this dehumanizing lifestyle through readily predictable methods, such as spirituality and camaraderie but also seemingly paradoxical methods, including carelessness …

Four Historical Landscapes Of The Merchant’S House Museum Backlot, Manhattan Island, New York, Identified Through Pollen Analysis, Gerald K. Kelso, Diana Dizerega Wall

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The Merchant’s House Museum is on Manhattan Island in New York City, at 29 East Fourth Street, between Lafayette Street and the Bowery. It is the sole, remaining, intact 19th-century family home in the city with original, period furnishings. An archaeological study of the Merchant’s House backyard was undertaken in 1991–1995 in conjunction with an historical-structure study of the house. This pollen analysis of a soil profile from a central parterre was part of the backlot study.

Striking While The Iron Is Hot: Federal Period Rural Blacksmithing In Somerset County, New Jersey, Michael J. Gall

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Blacksmith shops and the items they produced were once vital components of rural communities prior to the introduction of mass-produced merchandise during the late 19th century. This article focuses on the archaeology of an undocumented 1780s–1790s shop operated by Garret Voorhees, Jr., on his Middlebush Village farmstead in Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. Garret had earlier worked in his father’s shop, 1/2 mi. from his home, prior to and during the American Revolution. In 1777, Garret lost his home and farm buildings to British arson. Following the war’s end, circumstances suggest the 33-year old blacksmith relied upon trade skills …

Clay Pipe-Stem Beads In North America, Karlis Karklins

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Beads fashioned from the stems of clay tobacco pipes have been found at a number of archaeological sites, principally in the Northeast. This practice appears to have begun in the early 17th century and continued until at least the beginning of the 19th century. Although stem fragments are ideally suited for stringing and have the appearance of tubular shell beads, beads fashioned from them are relatively scarce, possibly because researchers do not recognize them. To qualify as a bead, a pipe stem must exhibit clear evidence of intentional modification of the ends and/or show use wear at the extremities. Surface …

The Children Of Spring Street: The Remains Of Childhood In A Nineteenth Century Abolitionist Congregation, Meredith Alyson Berman Ellis

Dissertations - ALL

This dissertation examines the skeletal remains of 75 children interred the burial vaults (1820-1846) of the 19th century Spring Street Presbyterian Church in lower Manhattan. New York City and the 8th Ward neighborhood of the church were rapidly urbanizing and diversifying in the early 19th century. These changes affected how children lived and grew. Family life, institutional involvement, and the city itself are considered as structuring forces that helped shape the skeletal remains of the children that did not survive. This dissertation combines historical data, theoretical models of embodiment and agency, and skeletal data to reconstruct their experiences of growing …

Resurrectionists' Excursions: Evidence Of Postmortem Dissection From The Spring Street Presbyterian Church, Shannon A. Novak, Wesley Willoughby

Northeast Historical Archaeology

In this paper we contextualize two unique individuals recovered from the historic Spring Street Presbyterian Church burial vaults in lower Manhattan (ca. 1820-1846). The crania of one adolescent and one infant display clear evidence of a craniotomy. Both had complete circumferential incisions to remove the calvarium for internal examination. Both crania were sectioned using a saw, though the adolescent underwent further postmortem preparation: thin scalpel marks indicate defleshing, and metal pins embedded in the frontal and occipital bones would have facilitated disarticulation and rearticulation of the vault, presumably for teaching. By the early 19th century, the illicit exhumation of graves …

Prospect Hill: Skeletal Remains From A 19th-Century Methodist Cemetery, Newmarket, Ontario, S. Pfeiffer, J. C. Dudar, S. Austin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

During 1989-90, in response to disruption caused by a building site excavation in Newmarket, Ontario, archaeological and biological information was salvaged from a former church cemetery dating from 1824 or 1827 to 1879. The skeletal remains of 77 indivaduals indicate a population with high infant mortality and little access to medical or dental care. Nevertheless, the autopsy of a young pregnant woman and one gold dental filling indicate there was an incipient interest in biomedical that mechanisms be available to allow the salvage of as much historical and biological information as possible.

Bones And Burial Registers: Infant Mortality In A 19th-Century Cemetery From Upper Canada, Ann Herring, Shelley Saunders, Gerry Boyce

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The fortunate conjunction of a large skeletal sample (n=576) and reliable burial records (n=1,564) for St. Thomas' Anglican Church cemetery (1821-1874) makes it possible to make inferences about patterns of infant death in 19th-century Belleville, Ontario. Analysis of both sets of data indicates that males and females were equally likely to die during infancy and that environmental factors played an important role in Belleville's mortality profile. The parish records reveal elevated risks of infant death in the summer, probably from the weanling diarrhea complex, owing to unsanitary conditions and the presence of acute infectious diseases in the town. The importance …

Thunder And Powder: May They Never Meet! Lightning Conductors At The Esplanade Powder Magazine, Quebec City, Pierre Drouin

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Archaeological excavations carried out at the Esplanade powder magazine in Quebec City have revealed the remains of three successive lighting conductor systems. These 19th-century remains are closely examined in the light of contemporary literature and compared with the military instructions concerning the subject. Their presence highlights the efforts made by military engineers of the time to safeguard contents, buildings, and people from the hazards inherent to the storage of explosive materials in powder magazines.

The Orphanage At Schuyler Mansion, Lois Feister

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Doll parts, toy tea set fragments, and other toys were excavated from the late 19th-century through early 20th-century occupation layers at the Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site in Albany, New York. Their occurrence raised questions about the orphans hosed their during that time period. Archival research and archaeological analysis resulted in increased understanding of the care received by homeless children during that period.

Feminizing Presidents: Joseph Keppler And Gender In Gilded Age Political Cartoons, Jerome Gonzalez

American Studies Senior Theses

Amid the crowded newsstands of American cities in the late nineteenth century, the average reader flipping through a copy of Puck, a weekly humor magazine devoted to political and social issues, may have been surprised to see an unusual print: that of the President of the United States depicted in women’s clothing, with feminine features, performing a womanly task! These few drawings, alluding to both literary and social ideas, done by the Austrian immigrant artist Joseph Keppler, appeared in his Puck magazine in the years 1877, 1880, and 1884, coinciding around an election year. While Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes, James …

A “Fashionable Tailor” On Water Street:Nineteenth-Century Tailor’S Chalks Fromst. John’S, Newfoundland, Temple Blair, Barry C. Gaulton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Excavations related to a large sewer construction project in St. John’s, Newfoundland exposed several examples of tailor’s chalk lost during the Great Fire of 1892. Made from pipe clay, these objects may be the first of their kind identified on an archaeological site in North America. This paper introduces the changing social and economic position of tailors and other clothing-related trades in St. John’s. Tailor’s chalks are discussed within the context of the clay tobacco pipe industry, particularly the non tobacco-related objects produced, and within the tailoring trade throughout the early modern period.

Collective Identities, The Catholic Temperance Movement,And Father Mathew: The Social History Of A Teacup, Stephen Brighton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

People use material culture and its associated symbolism to express collective identities. The aim of this paper is to illuminate class and religious conflict and negotiation between Irish Catholic immigrants, the American Roman Catholic Church, mainstream native-born Americans, and various Protestant cohorts in New York City between 1850 and 1870. To do this I explore the social meaning and significance embedded within a refined white earthenware teacup decorated with the image of Father Theobald Mathew. The cup was discovered during excavation of a mid- to late-19th-century, predominantly Irish immigrant section of New York City known as the Five Points.

The Archaeology Of The Matron’S Cottage:A Household Of Female Employees At Sailors’ Snug Harbor,Staten Island, New York, Sherene Baugher

Northeast Historical Archaeology

At Sailors’ Snug Harbor (1833 – 1976), a charitable institution for retired seamen located on Staten Island, New York, the Matron’s Cottage housed the unmarried, full-time, female employees. From 1845- 1880, it also housed the Steward and his wife in separate quarters. The women worked as seamstresses, cooks, and washerwomen. The Matron was an educated woman who could keep detailed records and was the director of the female staff. The archaeological evidence at the site of the Matron’s Cottage, together with primary source documents, reveals information on the life of these 19th-century working-class women within their household. To place the …

Slides: Climate Change And The Death Of Stationarity: A New Era For Western Water?, Stephen T. Gray

Western Water Law, Policy and Management: Ripples, Currents, and New Channels for Inquiry (Martz Summer Conference, June 3-5)

Presenter: Steven T. Gray, Wyoming State Climatologist, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY

48 slides

Avoiding Versus Seeking: The Relationship Of Information Seeking To Avoidance, Blunting, Coping, Dissonance, And Related Concepts, Donald O. Case, James E. Andrews, J. David Johnson, Suzanne L. Allard

School of Information Faculty Publications

QUESTION: How have theorists and empirical researchers treated the human tendency to avoid discomforting information?

DATA SOURCES: A historical review (1890-2004) of theory literature in communication and information studies, coupled with searches of recent studies on uptake of genetic testing and on coping strategies of cancer patients, was performed.

STUDY SELECTION: The authors' review of the recent literature included searches of the MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases between 1992 and summer of 2004 and selective, manual searches of earlier literature. Search strategies included the following subject headings and key words: MeSH headings: Genetic Screening/psychology, Decision Making, Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/psychology; CINAHL headings: Genetic …

Democracy And Disorder: Electoral Violence And Political Modernisation In England And Wales, 1857-1880, Justin Wasserman

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The thesis analyses mid-nineteenth century electoral violence in England and Wales in order to contribute to our understanding of the character of Victorian electoral politics, and to assess the pace of political modernization as it has recently been defined. Historians have long acknowledged the presence of physical violence, rioting and intimidation during British elections from at least the Middle Ages to the turn of the twentieth-century, and yet the precise nature, frequency and scale of this phenomenon has remained somewhat obscured by a lack of statistical data on the subject. Therefore, by compiling a numerical sample of violence, based on …

Many Excellent People: Power And Privilege In North Carolina 1850-1900 (Book Review), Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

Review of the book, Many Excellent People: Power and Privilege in North Carolina 1850-1900 by Paul D. Escott. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.

Anthropological Papers, No. 51: Observations On Some Nineteenth-Century Pottery Vessels From The Upper Missouri, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau Of American Ethnology, Waldo R. Wedel

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

Published as a bundle of anthropological works sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, paper number 51 is an analysis of 25 pottery specimens from the Upper-Missouri area. These specimens are attributed to the Lewis and Clark expedition, to army personnel, and to other travelers. The origin of the pottery is uncertain, though there are indications that some pieces may have originated from Fort Berthold, Fort Buford, and Fort Stevenson. The paper offers background on pottery making in the Upper-Missouri, noting that the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa tribes made paddle-and-anvil pottery rather than coil pottery. Further background observations …

Letter From Augustin Hibbard To William [Hibbard] 1868 Feb. 28, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

San Juan Island Febuary [February] 28^th 1868

My Dear Brother Since I last wrote you, I have received two letters from you. One, under date of Oct. 8^th, and one of Dec 17^th, the one of Oct. 8^th enclosing one from Mother under date of Sept 14^th. I commenced an answer to your letter of Oct. soon after receiving it, but having to go to Portland, at that time, I thought that I would finish it on the voyage down, and mail it there, the weather was rough that I was unable …

Letter From Augustin Hibbard To William [Hibbard] 1865 Apr. 18, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

San Juan Island April 18^th 1865 Dear Brother William Your two letters under dates of Jany [January] 2^nd & Feby [February] 6^th inclosing one from Lizzie, came to hand yesterday, and according to your request I proceed to answer them immediately, although I do not know when I shall be able to mail my letter as I shall not be going to Victoria for sometime + may not have an opportunity of sending it there until I do go. You say that you have not received any letter from me since the one I wrote in May …

Letter From Augustin Hibbard To [William Hibbard] 1865 Feb. 4, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

Victoria V I [Vancouver Island] Febuary [February] 4^th 1865

Dear Brother Your welcome letter under date of Oct. [October] 6^th last came to hand only last week, where it has been all this time, is a mystery [that I] which I wish, that I could solve. I wrote you a long letter in August which you should have received at or about the time your letter is dated, and I have been anxiously looking for an answer to it for some time past, and began to think that you surely could not have rec. [received] it, but as …

Private Letter From Augustin Hibbard To [William Hibbard] 1865 Feb. 4, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

Private Victoria V I [Vancouver Island] Febuary 4^th 1865

My dear brother In my last to you I inclosed [enclosed] a long private letter, but as I fear that you may not have received it I will briefly recapitulate its substance, which related cheifly [chiefly], to a difficulty with Mr Cutlar my partner. In July last I intended to have sent you two thousand dollars to apply upon my indebtedness to you & Ashley, as we had a brisk little run of business and I thought it my duty to draw out all that I possibly could for you. …

Letter From Augustin Hibbard To [William Hibbard] 1864 May 30, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

Victoria May 30^th 1864 Dear Brother When I wrote you in January I did not think that I should allow so long a time to lapse before writing you again. But the prospect of my selling out here, and going home, which I fully advised you of at that time, has resulted in nothing but disapointment [disappointment], and has kept me in such a state of uncertainty and doubt that I had been expecting from week to week would be put an end to that I have delayed writing you much longer than I ought, or will again. The …

Letter From Augustin Hibbard To Brother [William Hibbard], 1863 Sept. 25, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

Please return this soon William

San Juan Island Sep 25th/63 [1863]

Dear Brother

Yours of July 30th came to hand last week and received a warm welcome, it is such a pleasure and relief to me to hear from home. When I say this you perhaps may wonder why it is that I am so delinquent in writing but the fact is my dear brother that I have little to write about except myself (and that so very unsatisfactory) that I often commence a letter and give it up thoroughly overcome with the blackest kind of blues. The isolated life …

Letter From Augustin Hibbard To Brother [William Hibbard], 1863 June 2, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

Victoria June 2d 1863 Dear Brother Yours of Mch” [March] 26^th was received last week, and afforded me much pleasure, and gratification as it had been sometime since I had received any news from any one at home, and I was becoming fearfull [fearful], that when I did hear from you, that I should get bad news, but thank God, my dear brother, such was not the case, and I have been once more rejoyced [rejoiced] to know that you were all enjoying good health, and were prospered spiritually and temporally. I find that I am not able to …

Letter From Augustin Hibbard To [William Hibbard] 1863 March 14, Augustin Hibbard

Gold Rush Life

San Juan Island Mch [March] 14^th 1863

My dear Brother Enclosed I send you an account of sales of the Rubber Boots & Shoes shipped me by Ashley the charges on them, are only what I actually paid out on them and nothing in the way of commissions. The shipments were unfortunate though the goods, being of such an inferior quality, had they proved equal to Haywards Boots &, Shoes that are sold in this market, I think that I could have made something upon them instead of being obliged to sell them at a ruinous loss. I had …