Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Nature Of Physical Bravery: A Principal Component Analysis Of Bravery Using Personality Attributes, Trauma History, And Resilience In A Mixed Military And Civilian Sample, Colin Simsarian, Daniel Baldini, Brenda E. Hammond, Julianna Christofi, Sana F. Usmani, Holly M. Mcgrath, Carolina Rader, Erik Wendel Rice, James Moses, Bruce Bongar

Heroism Science

Heroism is a complex phenomenon shaped by psychological constructs such as bravery and courage, yet empirical research on physical bravery remains limited. This study examined the relationships among physical bravery, personality traits, trauma history, and resilience in a sample of military servicemembers and civilians (N = 197; M age = 27.69). Participants completed the Physical Bravery Survey, and data were analyzed using principal component analysis. Results identified four components explaining 70.52% of the variance in responses. Findings suggest that physically brave individuals tend to be adventurous, cognitively flexible, self-confident, humorous, resilient, and more likely to report a history of trauma. …

Split Alliance And Relationship Satisfaction In Couples Therapy: Examining Split Alliance As A Process Variable, Kyla Yetter

Theses and Dissertations

The present study examined how different patterns of alliance development impact couples' relationship satisfaction, with a particular emphasis on split alliances. The retrospective sample of 1149 couples was taken from the IRB approved Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network. Alliance was measured at each session with the Intersession Alliance Measure- Couples version (IAM-C). The outcome variable, relationship satisfaction, was measured before the first and last sessions of therapy with the Couple Relationship Scale (CRS). Split alliance was operationalized using standard deviation differences in partners' alliance scores, and couples were divided into three groups: 1) Never had a split alliance, …

Respect And Aggression In Intimate Relationships: A Grounded Theory Of Relational Responsiveness, Aaron T. Fife

Theses and Dissertations

The negative effects of aggression in intimate relationships have been well documented through research and clinical literature (Lawrence & Bradbury, 2001; Shortt et al., 2006). Conversely, the positive effects of respectful behavior are well-known (Gottman, 1994; Dew & Wilcox, 2013). This important dimension of relationships is crucial to understanding what makes up healthy and unhealthy relationships. However, little is known about how couples understand the varying types of respect and aggression within intimate relationships, nor how they are lived and experienced relationally. The purpose of this study is to explore the dyadic processes behind respect and aggression as well as …

A Lesson In Class: How Parents' Class Identity Changes Relate To Children's Exposure To Social Classes -- A Latent Profile Analysis, L. Caroline Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Class inequality in the United States has reached levels not seen since the late 1920s. This inequality has been linked to numerous harmful societal outcomes and may be particularly detrimental for children, who often experience limited intergroup contact with individuals from different social class backgrounds. Drawing on Social Identity Theory and the significant role parents play in shaping children's social environments, this study examined how White and Black parents' changes in perceived social class from childhood to adulthood relate to the ways they prioritize exposing their children to different social class environments (N = 702, U.S. sample). Latent Profile Analysis …

Likes, Lies, And Body Esteem: The Moderating Effects Of Age, Concealment, And Gender Between Social Media And Body Esteem For Utah Adolescents, Talise Hirschi

Theses and Dissertations

Social media use has become common among adolescents and contains many messages about one's body such as the thin and muscular ideal. Many parents are learning how to help their adolescent learn how to use social media, and some adolescents may conceal their social media use for various reasons. 588 adolescents (ages 11-18; 77% White; 55% female) from Utah filled out surveys about their social media use and body esteem each school year. In a two-wave cross lag panel model, specific aspects of social media use such as time spent on social media, problematic media use (PMU), and social media …

I Will Defend My Self, Emily Ward Hawkins

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines caregiving and motherhood as forms of load-bearing infrastructure. Cultural narratives often portray motherhood through sentimental images of joy, tenderness, and devotion, obscuring the structural labor that sustains family life. This project examines maternal labor as a largely unseen system of support that organizes family life while often remaining backgrounded. Caregiving reorganizes time, space, ambition, embodiment, and future orientation within maternal life. Through sculptural works using architectural materials and construction systems, such as oriented strand board, blueprint racks, metal armatures, and graph paper, the project visualizes caregiving as a structural condition. These materials reference the language of architecture …

Pengaruh Intervensi Sigo Terhadap Perbaikan Postur Kerja Dan Penurunan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Pada Pekerja Sewing Di Cv X Sukoharjo, Sumardiyono Sumardiyono, Tiara Damar Pratiwi, Warda Yussy Rha

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Sewing workers in the garment industry are at high risk of developing non-ergonomic working postures that may lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), due to prolonged static postures and the use of chairs that are not compatible with workers’ anthropometry. Preliminary surveys indicated complaints of pain in the back, neck, and waist (90%), shoulders and forearms (85%), and upper arms (80%). An ergonomic intervention that can be implemented is the use of ergonomic chairs. This study aims to analyze the effect of using SIGO (Seat Improvement for Garment Operators) as an ergonomic intervention on improving working posture and reducing MSD complaints …

Urban Indian Parents' Occupational Perceptions Of Play And Governance Of Children's Excessive Screen Time Preferences And Behaviours In This Digital Era, Joanna Priyadarshini Udaykumar, Tony Sam George

International Journal of Playwork Practice

Abstract

Children’s innate urge to engage in joyous, self-directed, meaningful, iterative activities embodies their unique play experiences and facilitates their holistic development. However, the exponential growth of digital technology in an urbanized world has transformed their social landscape by offering them a plethora of novel play opportunities that ‘pushes children away from the outdoors and pulls them indoors’. Moreover, the radical transition from nature-based recreation to media-centric activity insinuates the surge of a global pandemic characterized by low physical activity, sleep deprivation and sedentary, lifestyle diseases. This emerging trend reflects children’s predilection for videophilia over biophilia due to the dominance …

Disaster Preparedness, Prevention And Management In Lagos State University Library, Mausi A. Bokoh, Sophia V. Adeyeye Dr, Oluwaseun Adeola Abiodun-Asanre, Mrs

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Disasters pose significant threats to human lives, infrastructure, and national socioeconomic development. Effective disaster preparedness, prevention, and management are therefore vital for mitigating their impact and ensuring continuity of operations. This study examined disaster preparedness, prevention, and management practices at Lagos State University Library. A survey research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering key aspects of disaster management. Frequency counts, percentages, mean, and standard deviations were used to analyze data.  The findings revealed that the library employs basic preventive strategies such as turning off electricity after work hours and ensuring timely evacuation during emergencies. …

Institutional Influences And The Governance And Administration Of The Programa Produtor De Água Payment For Ecosystem Services Program In Brazil, Thomas G. Safford

Faculty Publications

Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) has been promoted as an innovative approach to environmental governance capable of simultaneously advancing conservation and sustainable development objectives. While studies commonly assess the ecological and economic performance of PES schemes, less attention has been given to their organizational and administrative effectiveness. This study examines these governance dimensions of one of Latin America’s most prominent PES initiatives—the Water Producer Program (WPP) in Brazil. Drawing on a meta-synthesis of 125 publications, the analysis investigates how regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional forces shaped WPP implementation. Guided by neo-institutional theory and institutional bricolage, findings show that WPP governance operated through hybrid …

Teaching Intercultural Communicative Competence (Icc) At The Afl Novice Level: Teachers’ Practices And Constraints, Nancy Fahmy

Theses and Dissertations

Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) is widely recognized as a core objective in language education; however, its implementation in novice-level Arabic as a Foreign Language (AFL) classroom remains insufficiently examined. This study explores what strategies do AFL teachers use to integrate ICC principles at the beginner level (A1–A2), the constraints that shape classroom practice, teachers’ assessment approaches, and perceived professional development needs.

Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected through a bilingual (Arabic–English) online survey completed by 54 AFL teachers working across instructional contexts in Egypt, Jordan, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Qualitative data were subsequently gathered …

Preface Of National Think Tank In Science And Technology: Ai Empowers Scientific Research

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Disciplinary System Of Artificial Intelligence: Connotation, Architecture, And Development Suggestions, Academic Divisions Of The Chinese Academy Of Sciences Discipline Group Of Advisory Project On Ai-Empowered Scientific Research

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The discipline of artificial intelligence studies the theories, methods, systems, applications, enabling functions, ethics, and governance of artificial intelligence, and is a typical interdisciplinary field. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years, its disciplinary connotations and system architecture urgently require renewed examination. Based on the analysis of development trends of artificial intelligence, this paper elucidates the connotations of the AI discipline from four perspectives: theoretical methods, forms of intelligence, disciplinary integration, and application empowerment. It further proposes a disciplinary system framework for artificial intelligence comprising foundational supporting disciplines, core body of knowledge, major forms of intelligence, and …

Artificial Intelligence Empowers Particle Physics And Nuclear Physics: From Fundamental Research To Major Applications, Yifang Wang, Yuan He, Yao Huang, Wanbing He, Yi Jiao, Congqiao Li, Ke Li, Beijiang Liu, Yingqi Ma, Yugang Ma, Longgang Pang, Fazhi Qi, Sichao Tan, Chunpeng Wang, Meng Wang, Xiaoheng Xu, Xing Xu, Zhentang Zhao, Yingxun Zhang, Zhengde Zhang, Hongwei Zhao, Lina Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Particle physics and nuclear physics are core foundational disciplines for exploring the fundamental structure of matter and the origin of the universe. The deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is providing entirely new pathways to address systemic challenges such as the processing of massive amounts of multimodal data, the realization of extreme experimental conditions, bottlenecks in theoretical calculations, and the intelligent control of large-scale scientific facilities. The article systematically elaborates on how AI deeply empowers particle physics and nuclear physics, particularly in major application scenarios such as research on the fundamental structure and origin of mass of matter, the …

Consolidating Chemical Substance Creation Capability Through Ai For Science-Enabled Innovation Equity, Mengchu Jin, Wandong Wang, Jun Zhang, Yi Luo, Zaiku Xie, Jinlong Yang, Jun Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

AI for Science (hereinafter referred to as AI4S) is driving profound changes in the paradigm of scientific research. Chemistry, as a central discipline for creating new substances and supporting major national strategic needs such as energy, health, dual carbon goals, advanced manufacturing, and ecological governance, is an important application scenario of AI4S. At present, innovation in the discipline of chemistry by young researchers still faces knowledge silos, capability silos, and resource silos: the accumulation of professional knowledge requires years of effort, frontier knowledge is highly differentiated, experimental capabilities are difficult to reuse, and high-end resources are difficult to coordinate, which …

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Materials Innovation: Implementation Levels And Strategic Layout, Ziwei Zhao, Fengxiang Zhou, Yanglili Zhou, Can Wang, Pei Zhang, Weihua Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Materials innovation has long been constrained by vast design spaces, complex processing routes, lengthy validation cycles, and difficulties in engineering translation. Traditional research and development models, which mainly rely on accumulated experience, theoretical deduction, and experimental trial and error, have become increasingly insufficient to meet the demand for rapid breakthroughs in critical materials. In recent years, artificial intelligence has been increasingly integrated into materials design, synthesis, and processing, characterization, evaluation, optimization, and application feedback, promoting the transformation of materials innovation from experience-driven exploration to data-driven development and from discrete trial and error to closed-loop optimization. Based on an analysis of …

Artificial Intelligence Empowered Biological Research: Paradigm Shifts, Application Scenarios, And Strategic Layout, Xinguang Zhu, Yiming Bao, Zhenong Jin, Xin Li, Sijia Wang, Yueming Wang, Yungui Yang, Cao Xu, Yan Xiong, Bin Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Life related processes are characterized by high dimensionality and multi-scale properties. Understanding mechanisms underpinning life processes helps promote national healthcare, agricultural development, sustainable ecological civilization, and national security. Current life science research is confronted with an enormous challenge of dimensionality stemming from data explosion and data fragmentation, for which the recent rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) provides novel solutions. AI will catalyze a paradigm shift in life science research from the current experiment based empirical induction to a new closed-loop knowledge acquisition including large scale data collection, model building, model prediction, experimental validation, and iterative of these procedures. Life …

Artificial Intelligence–Driven Paradigm Transformation In Biopharmaceutical R&D: Applications And Emerging Scenarios, Lili Liu, Mingyue Zheng, Ye Yuan, Xutong Li, Rong Fan, Wei Wei, Jinxin Zhao, Guobin Qi, Hua Yue, Likun Gong, Songping Zhang, Jiachen Li, Yuchen Sun, Xiaoyan Chen, Yao Chen, Xin Liu, Xiao Zhang, Yuehong Gao, Jianfeng Li, Kaixian Chen, Guanghui Ma, Jianmin Yue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The biopharmaceutical industry is a critical domain underpinning national scientific and technological innovation development and public health. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its deep integration with the life sciences, biomedicine research is undergoing a paradigm shift from traditional experience-driven trial-and-error approaches to data-driven and predictive validation-based models. This study systematically examines the pathways for reshaping research in biomedicine paradigms under the convergence of data-driven, mechanism-driven, and intelligence-driven approaches. It focuses on recent advances in the application of AI across key stages, including drug discovery and design, druggability evaluation, delivery system design and optimization, nonclinical and clinical …

Artificial Intelligence For Cybersecurity: Opportunities, Challenges, And Approaches, Kai Chen, Ding Li, Guozhu Meng, Shouling Ji, Changjiang Li, Yi Yang, Dengguo Feng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cybersecurity research, institutional structures, and governance policies are undergoing profound transformations. Currently, increasingly covert and rapidly evolving intelligent attacks, coupled with the national urgent expectations for high-level security, are driving significant shifts in the roles and interactions of governments, research institutions, and enterprises. Consequently, this study, based on analyzing the challenges and opportunities of the AI era, explores core application scenarios such as critical information infrastructure protection, national data security, and the maintenance of cyberspace sovereignty. It provides an analysis of artificial intelligence in dimensions such as correlation and causality, and proposes a governance framework, aiming to provide insights for …

Artificial Intelligence For Astronomy: Strategic Opportunities, Policy Challenges And Development Strategies, Jin Chang, Yihan Song, Bing Du, Kefei Wu, Ali Luo, Jifeng Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

To alleviate the bottlenecks hindering the integrated development of artificial intelligence and astronomy in China and to reinforce the country’s strategic edge in science and technology, this study uses systematic analysis and path-comparison approaches to examine the policy requirements for their deep integration. The findings indicate that this topic is closely tied to global competition in science and technology, strategic security, and industrial upgrading. At present, the world has entered a new “astronomy + AI” paradigm, with the United States and the European Union already having taken the lead in establishing corresponding strategic frameworks. Leveraging major scientific infrastructures such as …

Artificial Intelligence Empowering Space Science—Case Study Of Space Weather, Chi Wang, Hui Li, Bingxian Luo, Fang Shen, Jingjing Wang, Lingqian Zhang, Yi Yang, Dong Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Space science is currently confronted with a triple challenge: the explosive growth of observational data, the strongly coupled cross-scale nature of physical processes, and the increasingly urgent national strategic demands. The limitations of traditional research paradigms in analytical efficiency, forecast accuracy, and autonomous capability hinder their effectiveness in meeting critical requirements such as safeguarding on-orbit satellites and ensuring the successful execution of major space missions. This study proposes a three-layer “perception–cognition–decision-making” architecture for intelligent space science. Taking space weather—a domain with strong operational relevance—as a representative case, the four-dimensional paradigm transformation driven by artificial intelligence is systematically examined across key …

Artificial Intelligence Empowering Remote Sensing: Challenges, Paradigms And Strategic Layout, Jiayuan Shen, Peirui Cheng, Zhirui Wang, Wei Liang, Xian Sun, Yirong Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Remote sensing science and technology, as a key discipline for Earth observation and global change research, faces systemic challenges in processing massive multi-source data, accurately extracting complex information, and delivering high-timeliness application services. The rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) provide a new opportunity to address the deep-seated dilemma in remote sensing of being “data-rich but insufficient in effective information mining”. Guided by a problem-oriented approach, this study first systematically analyzes the core challenges facing the development of remote sensing across four dimensions: data understanding, technical methods, scientific mechanisms, and application ecosystems. It then reviews the technical evolution of AI-empowered …

Artificial Intelligence For Deep Earth Science: Key Challenges, Major Application Scenarios And Development Pathways, Qingyun Di, Liang Zhao, Yikang Zheng, Zhi Geng, Zhichao Yu, Xiaocai Shan, Chao Li, Zhiyao Xu, Pengfei Lv

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Deep Earth science is central to understanding Earth’s internal architecture and the coupled evolution of its major spheres, while also underpinning energy security, the supply of critical mineral resources, and resilience to major geohazards. Nevertheless, the advancement of deep Earth science is currently hindered by insufficient in situ observations under extreme conditions, the difficulty of integrating multi-source heterogeneous data, and the limited capability to model complex multiphysics coupling processes. Recent advances in artificial intelligence offer a potential route beyond these limitations. By integrating data-driven learning with physical and geological understanding, AI is reshaping deep Earth science from empirical interpretation to …

Artificial Intelligence For Science: Connotations, Characteristics, And System, Kaihua Chen, Heyang Li, Hongxin Liu, Binbin Zhao, Shuo Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming the fundamental nature of scientific research, reshaping its modes of knowledge production and organizational operation, driving the emergence of a new artificial intelligence for science (AI4S) research paradigm, and accelerating full-chain innovation paradigm transformation. This study defines the basic connotations of AI4S across three dimensions, namely, enabling applications, tools and methods, and epistemic knowledge, and systematically identifies five core characteristics: human-machine symbiosis, autonomous evolution, interdisciplinary integration, resource intensity, and open ecosystems. It further constructs a supporting system and operational architecture encompassing layers of infrastructure, data resources, model tools, task execution, and application scenarios. Building on …

Building Basic Research Ecosystem To Consolidate Foundation Of Strong Nation, Xin Fang, Ke Wen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the master switch for all technological problems. This study systematically reviews the evolution of the connotation and functions of basic research, and explores the new characteristics of basic research development triggered by the paradigm shift of AI for Science (AI4S): the shift of activity subjects from human‑dominated to human‑machine collaboration, the comprehensive restructuring of organizational models, the increasingly prominent strategic value of public intelligent research infrastructure, and the growing urgency to coordinate security and governance institution building. Addressing the demands of the new era, the study proposes principles and …

Optimizing Institution Of Demand-Oriented Basic Research, Promoting Deep Integration Of Technological Innovation And Industrial Innovation, Wei Lyu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

From both theoretical and domestic and international practical perspectives, this study analyzes the connotation and classification of demand-oriented basic research. It examines the expenditure structure, main pathways, and major existing problems of demand-oriented basic research in China. Based on three levels—strategically guided systematic basic research, frontier-guided exploratory basic research, and market-oriented applied basic research—it categorizes and studies the funding mechanisms and organizational models of demand-oriented basic research in combination with practice, and provides relevant suggestions for improving the quality enhancement mechanisms of demand-oriented basic research.

Logic And Path Of Transformation Reform Between Old And New Research Evaluation Models, Fang Xu, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The national 15th Five-Year Plan once again emphasizes breaking the four-only criteria. Why is it so difficult to dismantle the four-only criteria? This study argues that an in-depth analysis of the underlying logical relationship between the old label-based evaluation model and the new connotation-oriented quality evaluation model is required to address this question. The study finds that the label-based evaluation model is a rational choice under specific historical circumstances and it has delivered positive effects. During the transition toward connotation-oriented quality evaluation, problems concerning indicators such as academic papers have been well resolved. Nevertheless, national science and technology awards and …

Upholding Long-Termism In Basic Research To Shape Leading Advantage Of Automotive Industry, Yubo Lian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that basic research is the origin of the entire scientific system and the master switch for all technological issues, emphasizing that it must be advanced with greater efforts and more concrete measures. Upholding long-termism in basic research means placing it at the foundation of the innovation chain and maintaining continuous investment with strategic patience characterized by a long-term horizon and high tolerance for failure. Drawing on the author’s industrial practice, this study systematically reviews the characteristics and roles of basic research throughout the development of China’s new energy vehicle industry. In light of …

Advancing Paradigm Of Quantitative Synthetic Biology And Strengthening Mission-Oriented Basic Research, Chenli Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Synthetic biology is an important frontier in the life sciences, yet its further development remains constrained by limited capacity for rational design. Quantitative synthetic biology, which iteratively integrates quantitative modeling with the construction and analysis of synthetic systems, offers a promising paradigm for addressing this challenge. In this perspective, the study discusses the background and motivations underlying the emergence of this field and summarizes recent developments and exploratory efforts. Considering the unique characteristics of quantitative synthetic biology, it is suggested that progress in the field may benefit from strategically organized collaborative research that balances mission-oriented goals with investigator-driven exploration. On …

Viewpoints On Elevating Capability And Appreciation Of Basic Research, Guojie Li, Wei Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The overall capability and appreciation of a country’s basic research are not solely determined by the efforts of individual researchers, but also hinge on the country’s scientific and technological institutional mechanisms and policies. This article presents several viewpoints and suggestions from the perspectives of comprehensively and deeply understanding the connotation of basic research, increasing the proportion of investment in basic research, enhancing the stable support for basic research, and the paradigm shift of AI-driven basic research. These suggestions include: by 2030, adjusting the ratio of pure basic research to oriented basic research from 3.5∶6.5 to 4.5∶5.5, maintaining a balance between …