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2025

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Social Development Dynamics Of Students In Inclusive Education In Indonesia, Nur Hidayat Nh Dec 2025

Social Development Dynamics Of Students In Inclusive Education In Indonesia, Nur Hidayat Nh

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This narrative review analyses the social development of students with special needs in Indonesian inclusive schools by synthesising five high-quality empirical studies (indexed SINTA 1–3) published between 2018 and 2023. Addressing three research questions, the synthesis reveals heterogeneous and generally limited social development trajectories shaped primarily by ecological interactions rather than inherent disability characteristics. Key barriers include symbolic inclusion, inadequate teacher training in multimodal strategies, low peer acceptance, and systemic resource deficits, whereas facilitators encompass contextualised multimodal communication, active family involvement, and supportive institutional leadership. Effective interventions depend on coordinated teacher–parent–peer triangulation, leveraging local sign language, structured peer-mediated activities, and …


Explaining Pension Trends And Recent Pension Performance, Nathan Jeppson, John A. Ruddy, David F. Salerno Dec 2025

Explaining Pension Trends And Recent Pension Performance, Nathan Jeppson, John A. Ruddy, David F. Salerno

Pennsylvania Economic Review

Due to significant unfunded liabilities, many employer-sponsored retirement plans both domestically and internationally are shifting away from defined benefit (DB) pension plans to defined contribution (DC) plans. This is especially the case in private industry. Many expected that the COVID-19 pandemic would cause the funding status of DB plans to worsen. However, the opposite occurred. This is primarily due to decreased life expectancies and improved financial market performance. We utilize a 2004-2021 dataset that contains state level GDP, revenue, pension, and life expectancy data to study U.S. state DB pension plans. We are able to explain over 80% of the …


Housing Burden And Insurance Expenditures, Melanie M. Lytell Dec 2025

Housing Burden And Insurance Expenditures, Melanie M. Lytell

Honors Capstones

Housing costs shape the way families spend on protection and security. This study looks at how the share of income devoted to housing, the housing burden, influences household spending on four types of insurance: vehicle, life, personal, and health. Using data from nearly 92,000 households and regression models that account for state differences, I find that even small increases in housing burden shift insurance choices in meaningful ways. A one‑percentage‑point rise in housing burden is linked to a 2.1% increase in vehicle insurance spending and a 0.5% increase in life insurance, but a 0.7% decrease in personal insurance and a …


Simulating Sustainability: How Resorts Can Balance Freshness And Waste In Produce Supply Chains, Isabella M. Camberos Dec 2025

Simulating Sustainability: How Resorts Can Balance Freshness And Waste In Produce Supply Chains, Isabella M. Camberos

Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Resorts face increasing pressure to reduce food waste while maintaining high levels of service quality and produce freshness. This study examines how discrete-event simulation can be used as a decision tool to analyze and improve produce supply chains in the hospitality industry. A simulation model was developed in Simio to compare local and global produce sourcing strategies under identical demand, storage capacity, and spoilage conditions. The model captures key system characteristics, including batch-based deliveries, cold storage constraints, perishability, and probabilistic guest waste. Results indicate that while both sourcing strategies exhibit efficient flow and minimal congestion, global sourcing generates significantly higher …


The Heart Of Leadership: What Is The Importance Of Emotional Intelligence In Leadership?, Catherine E. Lee Dec 2025

The Heart Of Leadership: What Is The Importance Of Emotional Intelligence In Leadership?, Catherine E. Lee

M.S. in Leadership

Emotional intelligence is a concept that has been gaining traction in recent decades, and organizations have been trying to assess its place within leadership and training. Previous research on this topic has shown the growing importance of emotional intelligence in the workplace, with particular attention to employee retention and satisfaction. By using a mixed methods approach to understand the importance of emotional intelligence (EI), this paper explores the specific components of EI employees look for in an organization and a leader. Using a survey of almost one hundred respondents and six in-depth interviews, EI was determined to have a significant …


Validation Of The Evaluating Nursing And Curriculum For Transformation Tool For Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Curriculum Integration, Kendra M. Barrier, Mary Dioise Ramos Dec 2025

Validation Of The Evaluating Nursing And Curriculum For Transformation Tool For Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Curriculum Integration, Kendra M. Barrier, Mary Dioise Ramos

School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) emphasizes Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) as a foundational element for professional nursing education, crucial for preparing students to care for diverse patient populations. The purpose was to develop and validate an instrument to measure the extent to which DEI elements are integrated throughout the nursing curriculum. Methods: The ENACT (Evaluating Nursing and Curriculum for Transformation) was developed through a comprehensive process involving several phases: tool development based on DEI elements, framing each element within the Nursing Process (ADPIE), preliminary evaluation, obtaining content validity index (CVI) from experts, renaming the tool …


Hkc02 - Stabilizing Credit When Nonperforming Loans Surge: The Role Of Asset Management Companies, Reiner Martin, Edward O'Brien, M. Udara Peiris, Dimitrios P. Tsomocos Dec 2025

Hkc02 - Stabilizing Credit When Nonperforming Loans Surge: The Role Of Asset Management Companies, Reiner Martin, Edward O'Brien, M. Udara Peiris, Dimitrios P. Tsomocos

Oberlin College Kasper Economics and Business Working Paper Series

When default losses elevate borrowing costs, expanding credit cannot stabilize the economy because default rates feed back to lending rates through bank balance sheets. Asset management companies (AMCs) break this loop by purchasing nonperforming loans at their long-run recovery values, thereby fixing the effective default rate that banks face. Government purchases of performing loans expand credit but leave this feedback intact. In a model calibrated to the eurozone, the AMC reduces quarterly default rates by 0.8 percentage points, lowers lending rates by 1.6 percentage points, and raises welfare by 0.2%. Government purchases crowd out bank deposits, contracting credit; default rates …


Economics Of The Olympics: Impact Of Bidding For And Hosting The Olympic Games On International Openness, Adalynn Cherry Dec 2025

Economics Of The Olympics: Impact Of Bidding For And Hosting The Olympic Games On International Openness, Adalynn Cherry

Pennsylvania Economic Review

This study investigates how hosting and unsuccessfully bidding to host the Olympic Games impacts total international trade and influences a country’s openness. This relationship is analyzed using the gravity model of trade to perform a regression analysis of total trade levels from 2000 to 2018. The results of this study did not support the idea that hosting the Olympic Games impacts total trade; although, they did show a strong and permanent positive relationship between unsuccessfully bidding to host the Olympic Games and total international trade. These findings highlight the benefits of the Olympic bidding and candidature process as a policy …


Closeness, Conflict, And Achievement: The Role Of Parent–Child Relationships In Homeschooled And Public-Schooled Children, Celeste Gonçalves Tomaz Dec 2025

Closeness, Conflict, And Achievement: The Role Of Parent–Child Relationships In Homeschooled And Public-Schooled Children, Celeste Gonçalves Tomaz

Honors Capstones

The parent–child relationship has been found to be a predictor of children’s academic and socio-emotional outcomes, with parent-child closeness linked to motivation and persistence (Mo & Singh, 2008; Silinskas & Kikas, 2022) and parent-child conflict associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties (Dotterer et al., 2008; Pinquart, 2017). The homeschooling context may increase these associations since children spend more time with their parents, who have caregiving and instructional roles (Padilla, 2021; Thomas, 2016). Even with growing research on academic and socio-emotional outcomes, few studies have examined whether the strength of the parent–child relationship is influenced negatively or positively by schooling type. …


Hardships Increase As Households Rely More On Gig Work, Laura Brugger, Anthony J. Nixon, Amrita Kulkarni, Mathieu Despard, Stephen Roll Dec 2025

Hardships Increase As Households Rely More On Gig Work, Laura Brugger, Anthony J. Nixon, Amrita Kulkarni, Mathieu Despard, Stephen Roll

Center for Social Development Research

Gig work has grown substantially in the United States in recent years. Although research has examined the relationship between participation in the gig economy and hardship, few studies examine how households’ reliance on gig work relates to hardship experiences. Drawing upon data from the Workforce Economic Inclusion and Mobility survey of a nationally representative sample of low-wage workers, this brief explores the relationship between the proportion of a household’s income from gig work and indicators of financial distress: bill payment difficulties, food insufficiency, budget constraints, blood plasma sales, reliance on alternative financial services such as payday loans, and usage of …


The Reception Of Neurodiversity Represented Within Netflix’S Wednesday, Anna Stevens Dec 2025

The Reception Of Neurodiversity Represented Within Netflix’S Wednesday, Anna Stevens

Graduate Theses & Dissertations

This paper explores how neurodiversity is represented through popular media - particularly Netflix's show Wednesday - and aims to discuss the effects this representation could have in regards to how it's received by the public, as well as those who are neurodiverse.


Islamic Prophetic Counseling: An Intervention Strategy In Developing Students' Noble Character, Hardi Santosa, Ahmad Zaki Annafiri, Iin Inawati, Akhmad Fajar Prasetya, Muhammad Sabri Bin Sahrir Dec 2025

Islamic Prophetic Counseling: An Intervention Strategy In Developing Students' Noble Character, Hardi Santosa, Ahmad Zaki Annafiri, Iin Inawati, Akhmad Fajar Prasetya, Muhammad Sabri Bin Sahrir

Buletin Konseling Inovatif

This study aims to test the effectiveness of Islamic prophetic counseling in developing students' noble morals. The research method uses a true experiment involving a control group. The selection of the control group uses the waiting-list control group model, with consideration of the ethical aspects of the study. The research sample involved 244 students captured the profile of noble morals and their spiritual activism. While the hypothesis test involved 50 students who were divided into control and experimental groups. The sample selection was carried out randomly with the random assignment technique. The research data were collected using a noble moral …


Opportunities, Challenges, And Realities Of Graduate Student Submissions In Institutional Repositories: One Librarian’S Reflection, Sierra Pandy Dec 2025

Opportunities, Challenges, And Realities Of Graduate Student Submissions In Institutional Repositories: One Librarian’S Reflection, Sierra Pandy

Journal of Graduate Librarianship

The role of an institutional repository (IR) is to provide open access publishing and archival services for the institution’s faculty, staff, and students. However, despite the wide range of benefits this creates for university researchers, it can be difficult to communicate that value to graduate students. This article will discuss and reflect upon the various challenges, successes, and opportunities we experienced while promoting and utilizing the IR for graduate students at the University of Wyoming during and after a major platform migration, and touch upon goals for the future.


Bringing Mutuality And Reciprocity Into Focus: A Case Study On Sustaining University-Community Partnerships For Local Systems Change And Student Learning, Jessica L. Lucero, Lucas Martin, Jayme Walters Dec 2025

Bringing Mutuality And Reciprocity Into Focus: A Case Study On Sustaining University-Community Partnerships For Local Systems Change And Student Learning, Jessica L. Lucero, Lucas Martin, Jayme Walters

Transforming Communities

This case study explores a long-term university-community partnership focused on addressing homelessness, highlighting the principles of mutuality and reciprocity in achieving systemic change. Over nearly a decade, the partnership has evolved to engage university resources, faculty, and social work students through research, courses, and outreach activities, such as community surveys, the Point-in-Time Count, strategic planning, advocacy, and service system expansion. These collaborative efforts have contributed to enhanced public awareness, increased state funding, and the establishment of vital services, including a warming center. The case study also underscores the challenges inherent in community-engaged scholarship, including capacity constraints like funding and staffing …


Trauma-Informed Leaders: Shifting The Paradigm Of Professional Suicide Prevention, Janina Cich Dec 2025

Trauma-Informed Leaders: Shifting The Paradigm Of Professional Suicide Prevention, Janina Cich

Forensic Scholars Today

Trauma-informed Leaders: Shifting the Paradigm of Professional Suicide Prevention highlights how trauma-informed leadership can transform suicide prevention in law enforcement and other high-stress helping professions. Reflecting on current suicide data and first-responder research, the article outlines early warning signs, intervention strategies, and organizational wellness practices that drive agencies from reactive crisis response to proactive, culturally responsive care. Practical recommendations include leader-supported peer teams, sleep and micro-break interventions, and resilience-focused supports that foster psychological safety, reduce stigma, and normalize help‑seeking across the organization.


Forensic Neuroscience: A Brief Introduction, Jerrod Brown Dec 2025

Forensic Neuroscience: A Brief Introduction, Jerrod Brown

Forensic Scholars Today

Forensic neuroscience is an emerging, multidisciplinary field that applies brain science to forensic mental health, criminal justice, and legal decision-making. This article summarizes how neuroscience can inform assessments, evaluations of criminal responsibility, case planning, treatment, and prevention for justice-involved populations, highlighting complementary disciplines and the need for ethical guidance, replication of findings, and specialized education before broad adoption in legal settings.


Impact Of Test Conditions And Demographic Variables On Response Patterns In The Sdi-R 4.0, Cyrus R. Williams Iii, Kyle Lincoln, Robert D. Loper Dec 2025

Impact Of Test Conditions And Demographic Variables On Response Patterns In The Sdi-R 4.0, Cyrus R. Williams Iii, Kyle Lincoln, Robert D. Loper

Journal of Counseling Sexology & Sexual Wellness: Research, Practice, and Education

This study investigates the impact of demographic variables and test conditions on response patterns within the Sexual Dependency Inventory-Revised (SDI-R 4.0), specifically focusing on their predictive value for high inconsistency, high exaggeration, and low underreporting scores. Employing logistic regression analyses on data from 2,212 participants, the findings reveal that pre-test delay time, age, and gender significantly influence these outcomes. These insights underscore the necessity for uniform testing conditions for the SDI-R 4.0 and the incorporation of demographic considerations in the interpretation of this and other sexual dependency assessments.

Keywords: Sexual Dependency Inventory, test conditions, demographic factors, test response patterns


The Connection Between Infidelity And Ptsd, Marissa Anderson Dec 2025

The Connection Between Infidelity And Ptsd, Marissa Anderson

Journal of Counseling Sexology & Sexual Wellness: Research, Practice, and Education

This literature review addresses infidelity and the current limitations of treatment approaches due to incongruences in definitions and clinical acknowledgment. Infidelity, as a phenomenon, is poorly understood due to varying morals, experiences, religious and cultural influences that alter personal and relational constructs and expectations specific to infidelity. One commonality among those who experience infidelity is the lingering traumatic impact due to the violation of personal and societal convictions observed by the betrayal of trust, loyalty, commitment, self-worth, power imbalances, and religious beliefs. However, current literature and approaches to infidelity fail to address the traumatic impact of discovering infidelity within a …


Individuals And Couples With Infertility: Quality Of Life, Relationship Satisfaction, Resilience, Depression, And Shame, Niko C. Wilson, Sejal Barden Dec 2025

Individuals And Couples With Infertility: Quality Of Life, Relationship Satisfaction, Resilience, Depression, And Shame, Niko C. Wilson, Sejal Barden

Journal of Counseling Sexology & Sexual Wellness: Research, Practice, and Education

This study examined the relationship between fertility-related quality of life, relationship satisfaction, resilience, depression, and shame in individuals and couples with infertility (N = 556). Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), the study assessed gender covariates and dyadic influences in couples (n = 52). SEM results showed fertility-related quality of life impacted resilience, depression, and shame, while its relational aspect influenced relationship satisfaction. APIM identified partner effects on relationship satisfaction and shame. Findings provide insights for counseling practices, promoting relationship well-being in couples facing infertility.


Development And Evaluation Of The Sex Positivity Inventory For Counselors, M. Ashley Burks, Jennifer Gerlach, Joshua C. Watson Dec 2025

Development And Evaluation Of The Sex Positivity Inventory For Counselors, M. Ashley Burks, Jennifer Gerlach, Joshua C. Watson

Journal of Counseling Sexology & Sexual Wellness: Research, Practice, and Education

The purpose of the study was to clarify the definition of sex positivity and identify sex-positive attitudes, knowledge, and skills through the development and evaluation of the Sex Positivity Inventory for Counselors (SPI-C). The exploratory factor analysis supported a six-factor, 34-item scale, accounting for 32.9% of the variance within the study. The SPI-C had an excellent internal consistency of 0.96 and consisted of the following factors: 1) Procedural Sex Positivity, 2) Comfortability with Sexuality, 3) Perceived Sex Positivity, 4) Fundamental Sex Education, 5) Sexological Worldview, and 6) Unconditional Positive Sexual Regard. Implications for practice, counselor education, and supervision are discussed.


The Counselor Educator’S Guide To Sex Positivity: Ten Strategies For Enhancing Teaching And Supervision, Lorraine J. Guth, Ashley R. Niccolai, Moirin Reynolds, Dana Kirkpatrick Dec 2025

The Counselor Educator’S Guide To Sex Positivity: Ten Strategies For Enhancing Teaching And Supervision, Lorraine J. Guth, Ashley R. Niccolai, Moirin Reynolds, Dana Kirkpatrick

Journal of Counseling Sexology & Sexual Wellness: Research, Practice, and Education

Despite positive shifts in cultural conversations surrounding sex, there is a lack of institutional focus on sexuality training in counselor education. This is surprising, given that sexuality is an inherently multicultural issue, and a sex positive framework aligns with counseling’s core values which include social justice, resilience, and wellness. We discuss the relevance of incorporating sex positivity in counselor education and provide ten strategies for counselor educators to integrate sex positivity into their teaching and supervision. These recommendations include engage in self-reflection to examine comfort with sexuality; examine curriculum to ensure sexuality objectives are infused in courses; use inclusive language; …


Transcripts And Captions: An Ai Use Case, Meredith K. Mcfadden Dec 2025

Transcripts And Captions: An Ai Use Case, Meredith K. Mcfadden

Staff and Faculty Scholarship

Meredith gives an overview of A-State's use of AI to create transcripts and captions for large audio-visual collections in an effort to accelerate the process for making these historical materials accessible.


From Collision To Coexistence: Data-Driven Approaches To Reducing Wildlife Rehabilitation Center Intakes, Alice Anastos Dec 2025

From Collision To Coexistence: Data-Driven Approaches To Reducing Wildlife Rehabilitation Center Intakes, Alice Anastos

Honors Projects

This project investigates the primary anthropogenic drivers of wildlife admissions at Lake Erie Nature and Science Center using a quantitative analysis of 10,172 intake records from the WILD-ONe database. Window collisions were by far the leading cause of admission, accounting for 54% of all intakes. Orphaning represented 12%, followed by vehicle collisions (5%) and domestic cat attacks (4%). By integrating findings from current wildlife rehabilitation research, this study identifies evidence-based strategies, such as bird-safe window treatments, public education on natural animal behavior, and targeted urban planning, that can substantially reduce preventable injuries. These results underscore the need for context-specific outreach …


Signal Processing Of Ecologically Significant Signals For Transient Bedload Characterization, Nathan R. Sjullie, Quinn B. Morgan, David Burnett Dec 2025

Signal Processing Of Ecologically Significant Signals For Transient Bedload Characterization, Nathan R. Sjullie, Quinn B. Morgan, David Burnett

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

When rivers achieve a great enough flow rate, sediment along their riverbed becomes mobilized and transported downstream. This process is known as bedload transport. As bedload transport initiates, micro-collisions of various sediments and gravel generate underwater acoustic signals that can be detected by hydrophones. While there is extensive research on underwater acoustic theory and surrogate methods for monitoring bedload transport, there is a lack of heuristic work that analyzes collected bedload samples in conjunction with underwater acoustic recordings. The aim of this work is to complete an analysis on collected bedload samples and the simultaneous underwater acoustic recordings via signal …


Sumak Kawsay: Un Argumento Para El Empoderamiento De Los Pueblos Indígenas Y Sus Cosmovisiones, Charlie Degraves Dec 2025

Sumak Kawsay: Un Argumento Para El Empoderamiento De Los Pueblos Indígenas Y Sus Cosmovisiones, Charlie Degraves

Honors Theses

El sumak kawsay, un conjunto de conocimientos y prácticas propios de los pueblos indígenas andinos y amazónicos, es una buena alternativa a un futuro capitalista y globalizado. La devolución de los terrenos y las soberanías de toda nación originaria, y por ende la realización del sumak kawsay y las demás cosmovisiones indígenas, es clave para evitar la destrucción de la vida en nuestro planeta. El sumak kawsay, según los pueblos originarios andinos y amazónicos, consiste en 10 temas. En orden de importancia tenemos: 1) soberanía comunitaria, 2) equilibrio y convivencia, 3) colectivo e interrelacional, 4) ancestral, 5) minimalista, 6) una …


Ica Newsletter, Fall 2025, Iowa Communication Association Dec 2025

Ica Newsletter, Fall 2025, Iowa Communication Association

ICA Newsletter

Contents:

--- A Word from the President
--- Much thanks to all who attended in Cedar Falls
--- Westphal Paper Winner: Gift Olalusi
--- Outstanding Adjunct Winner: Ruth Ann Gaines
--- Citation Award Winner: Dr. Joy Daggs
--- Lunch Keynote: Cassi Price
--- Additional conference photos
--- ICA at NCA
--- Congrats to our ICA members who presented at NCA
--- Iowa Journal of Communication Call for Submissions: Volume 58
--- Follow ICA online


Collaborating With An Autism Community Advisory Board To Develop A Family-Based, Neurodiversity-Affirming Intervention: Pcit-Autism, Lauren B. Quetsch, Emily Shah, Julia Kiefer Dec 2025

Collaborating With An Autism Community Advisory Board To Develop A Family-Based, Neurodiversity-Affirming Intervention: Pcit-Autism, Lauren B. Quetsch, Emily Shah, Julia Kiefer

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

BackgroundParent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been effectively implemented for autistic youth and their families who need help reducing disruptive behaviors, promoting language development, and enhancing the parent-child relationship. However, like most autism-based interventions, the PCIT protocol was originally adapted for (rather than with or by) the autism community. A new wave of intervention research calls for input from autism advocates throughout each phase of the research process. The present study signifies the first step in the development and implementation of a pilot PCIT program with autistic youth and their families (i.e., PCIT-Autism).MethodsAcademic researchers collaborated alongside an Autism Community Advisory Board …


1 Repository, 26 Campuses, 10 Years: Strength (And Chaos) In Numbers, Jojo Karlin, Jill Cirasella Dec 2025

1 Repository, 26 Campuses, 10 Years: Strength (And Chaos) In Numbers, Jojo Karlin, Jill Cirasella

Publications and Research

In the ten years since its inception, the CUNY Academic Works repository has grown to house and provide public access to more than 33,000 scholarly, pedagogical, and creative works by affiliates of the City University of New York, the largest urban public university in the United States. Representing all 26 CUNY campuses — community colleges, four-year colleges, and graduate/professional schools, with legacies as old as 1847 (The City College of New York) and as young as 2018 (CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies) — CUNY Academic Works has flourished thanks in large part to a system that combines central …


Semantic Networks In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Exhibit Reduced Efficiency, Interconnectivity, And Flexibility, Sophia Lall, Jennifer Pardo, Joshua Sandry Dec 2025

Semantic Networks In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Exhibit Reduced Efficiency, Interconnectivity, And Flexibility, Sophia Lall, Jennifer Pardo, Joshua Sandry

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

Word-finding deficits are common in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (pwRRMS); this may be related to the inefficient organization of semantic information.

Objective

To understand whether the semantic organization and semantic retrieval are impacted in pwRRMS.

Methods

Semantic fluency data from 64 pwRRMS and 73 controls was utilized to (1) derive standard verbal fluency measures using the Semantic Network and Fluency Utility R package and (2) build semantic networks via the correlation-based network approach in the SemNet R package. Subjective word-finding concerns were assessed in a subgroup of the sample. Group differences were evaluated.

Results

PwRRMS endorsed more frequent …


Gambling Behaviors, Perceptions, And Risks Among Nevada Adults, Andrea Dassopoulos Dec 2025

Gambling Behaviors, Perceptions, And Risks Among Nevada Adults, Andrea Dassopoulos

International Gaming Institute Faculty Research

This study presents a statewide assessment of gambling behaviors, perceptions, and gambling-related risk among 1,078 Nevada adults. Using a mixed-source, population-calibrated survey developed by UNLV and NORC, the research measures gambling participation, motivations, venue exposure, and attitudes toward harm, treatment, and regulation. The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) identifies substantial levels of harm: nearly half of past-year gamblers show some degree of risk, with the highest rates among younger adults, racially diverse groups, gaming and hospitality workers, and those who gamble in neighborhood bars or slot parlors. The survey also documents public beliefs about gambling addiction, youth exposure, stigma, and …