Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Greece: National Bank Holiday, 2015, Stella Schaefer-Brown

Journal of Financial Crises

In December 2014, deposit outflows from Greek banks intensified owing to political uncertainty following the announcement of a snap presidential election and a subsequent crash of the Greek stock market. This led to a liquidity crisis in the first half of 2015. Intensifying political uncertainty, worsening liquidity, and volatility in the macroeconomic and financial markets environment peaked in the first half of 2015. The crisis was exacerbated by a February decision by the European Central Bank (ECB) that made it difficult for Greek banks to continue borrowing from its monetary policy-related liquidity programs. On June 28, 2015, the ECB announced …

Cyprus: National Bank Holiday, 2013, Stella Schaefer-Brown

Journal of Financial Crises

The Greek government debt crisis was especially hard on the two largest Cypriot banks. Bank of Cyprus (BoC) and Laiki Bank lost EUR 1.8 billion and EUR 2.3 billion, respectively, on their Greek government bonds after the European Union (EU) decision in October 2011 to haircut the bonds. Over the next year, Laiki Bank faced severe liquidity problems from depositor withdrawals, the Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC) extended to it significant emergency liquidity assistance, and the government owned 84% of the bank after injecting EUR 1.8 billion. The Cypriot economy also suffered negative effects and in March 2013, authorities negotiated …

Ecuador: National Bank Holiday, 1999, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

After a series of exogenous shocks hit Ecuador’s economy in 1997 and 1998, foreign creditors reduced external credit lines to the country, draining liquidity. The newly created Deposit Guarantee Agency (Agencia de Garantía de Depósitos, AGD) administered deposit insurance and a new blanket guarantee and had the authority to resolve failing banks. Despite these actions, bank runs continued. After depositors reportedly withdrew USD 400 million from banks over a two-week period, on Monday, March 8, 1999, one hour before banks were supposed to open, the bank superintendent declared a surprise bank holiday effective that day; banks reopened a week later …

Argentina: National Bank Holidays, 2001, Owen Heaphy

Journal of Financial Crises

Starting in 1991, Argentina operated a currency board regime under which the central bank guaranteed a one-to-one peg of the Argentine peso to the US dollar. But in 2001, markets became increasingly concerned that the central bank would be unable to maintain the peg and would allow the peso to devalue against the dollar. At that time, more than two-thirds of Argentine bank deposits were denominated in dollars. Throughout 2001, depositors withdrew funds from banks; by November, peso deposits had declined by more than one-third and dollar deposits had fallen by one-tenth. On November 28, 2001, the systemwide banking run …

Survey Of Bank Holidays And Fund Suspensions, Rosalind Z. Wiggins, Owen Heaphy, Anmol Makhija, Stella Schaefer-Brown, Greg Feldberg, Andrew Metrick

Journal of Financial Crises

In this paper, we analyze seven case studies involving bank holidays and two involving mutual fund suspensions produced by the Yale Program on Financial Stability. Our main purpose is to assist policymakers who are considering utilizing a bank holiday in designing the most effective program as efficiently as possible. We find that a bank holiday may be most useful when designing and implementing a comprehensive remedy to an underlying problem distressing banks, particularly when an exogenous shock rather than balance sheet weaknesses is the cause of general distress to the system. A holiday is also useful to “ring-fence” one or …

Argentina: Mutual Fund Suspensions, 2019, Owen Heaphy, Anmol Makhija

Journal of Financial Crises

With Argentina facing a liquidity crisis and collapse in demand for government debt, on Wednesday, August 28, 2019, the country's minister of economy, Hernán Lacunza, announced after markets closed that the government was extending the maturity of USD 7 billion of its short-term public debt securities, among other measures. Lacunza stated that domestic retail investors would not be subject to the terms of the maturity extension and would be paid principal and interest on the affected securities per the original maturity schedule. This announcement caused confusion about the treatment of individual investors who held the affected securities indirectly through mutual …

C1) Critical Reflection On The Specificity And Coherence In Portugal Of Processions And Pilgrimages As Religious Practices, Adalberto Dias De Carvalho

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

In an anthropological and ethical tourist exploration of religious practices, silence due to its symbolic and spiritual value stands out, among others, as an important and profound experience. It is used in different ways, depending on the religious tradition, but it always emerges as being powerful in deepening the connection with the divine and facilitating inner meditation.

In Christianity, silence, by fostering a more direct relationship with the sacred, also promotes listening to the ˜answers of the entity to which that communication is especially directed.

Since the acceptance and practice of silence is inherent and clearly compatible with ritual solemnities, …

D3) Sacred Steps: Walking, Religion, And The Path To Peace, Francesca Benna

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Walking is one of the simplest and most primordial human acts, yet it carries profound meanings that transcend cultures, religious traditions, and paths of individual and collective transformation. Walking is not merely a means of movement but a practice that fosters reconnection with oneself, the environment, and the community. Bruce Chatwin, in The Songlines, highlights how nomadism is an inherent human condition, suggesting that movement is essential not only for physical survival but also for mental and spiritual well-being. In an era marked by environmental crises, conflicts, and increasing technological alienation, rediscovering the value of walking responds to a deep …

C2) Generation Z Tour Guiding Performance With Tourists From The Three Abrahamic Religions, Vitor Ambrósio, Carlos Santos

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Major changes are occurring in tourism and enterprises should try to be proactive. Through higher education, students are exposed to the latest knowledge that should also benefit the entrepreneurs of the tourism sector. Yet the connection between institutions of knowledge and the tourism trade is critically lacking. All parties involved are aware of this, however, there are no clear guidelines on how to build more solid bridges between different actors. Many evidence and studies suggest that Muslim tourists have become an important global market (Oktadiana, 2021), also Jewish tourists are quite important for the tourism industry (Lybra Tech SRL, 2025). …

D1) Sacred Tattoos And Pilgrimage Tourism As Spiritual Identity, Rossana Salerno

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Pilgrimage tourism and sacred tattoos represent unique intersections of cultural heritage, spirituality, and personal identity. Pilgrimage tourism involves journeys to sacred sites, often for religious or spiritual reasons, and has evolved into a global industry. Sacred tattoos, deeply embedded in various cultural and religious practices, symbolize a connection to the divine or mark significant life events.

This study explores the evolving role of sacred tattoos in the context of pilgrimage tourism, where travelers seek not only physical journeys to sacred destinations but also spiritual transformations through body art. Sacred tattoos often serve as markers of identity, protection, or devotion, integrating …

D2) Montserrat: A Millennium Of Faith, Pilgrimage, And Cultural Heritage, Silvia Aulet, Dolors Vidal-Casellas

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

In 2025, Montserrat (in Catalonia) is celebrating the millennium of the foundation of the monastery, an event that will mark a thousand years of history, faith and culture in this emblematic sanctuary. This anniversary represents an extraordinary opportunity to promote religious and spiritual tourism, reinforcing Montserrat as a destination for pilgrimage.

Montserrat is a point of reference for millions of visitors annually, both for its religious importance and for its natural and historical heritage. The combination of faith, culture and nature makes this a unique destination for pilgrims, hikers and tourists from all over the world. The millenary is an …

C3) From Ritual To Heritage: Mountain Pilgrimages And The Transmission Of Practices In Corsica, Angelina Antonetti

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

In Corsica, mountain pilgrimages serve as a key vector for the transmission of the sacred and a marker of collective identity. Rooted in popular religiosity, these practices intertwine ritual performance, oral tradition, and spatiality, shaping a unique relationship between faith and territory. The study of these pilgrimages offers a means to examine the processes of sacralization of mountain spaces and their role in the transmission of religious practices, as well as the question of their heritage status.

This study focuses on three mountain pilgrimages in Corsica: Sant'Alesiu di Sermanu, Sant'Alesiu d'Alisgiani, and San Bertuli d’Orezza. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, it …

C4) Rewriting Pilgrimage Narrative For A Young Audience In Love From Mecca To Medina, Dorothy Lane

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

In my latest scholarship, I focus on fictional texts that incorporate and yet challenge the conventional pilgrimage narrative, and the nexus of spiritual, personal, and professional elements involved in travel to sites of sacred significance, often tracing traditional pilgrimage routes. In this paper, I will revisit that diasporic element in SK Ali's young adult novel Love from Makkah to Madinah (2022), which again transgresses definitions of genre, incorporating a pilgrimage narrative, a romance of two young adult Westernized Muslims, and a focus on grounded (sand) and simultaneously transcendent (stars) travel through sacred space and text.

My study integrates dialogue with …

Fostering An Inclusive Environment For New Students Through The South Pacific Division Community Support System At The Adventist International Institute Of Advanced Studies: An Appreciative Inquiry, Anasa Tabua

Adventist Human-Subject Researchers Association

This study uses Appreciative Inquiry to explore how the South Pacific Division (SPD) community support systems at the Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS), grounded in Social Capital Theory, foster inclusivity for new students. It examines existing systems, identifies strengths, and explores enhancement strategies. The findings offer implications for other AIIAS communities and Adventist institutions seeking to enhance support systems and foster inclusive environments.

The Importance Of Faith Integration In Student Motivation In Graduate Counseling Program Selection, Timothy J. Evans, Andrew J. Graham, Jim Zapf, Ronnie L. Pace

Journal of Counseling and Psychology

This study examines the role of faith integration in motivating graduate counseling students to select faith-based programs and its impact on their perceived preparedness to integrate faith into counseling practice. Using a quantitative approach, 239 participants from five graduate counseling programs completed a survey exploring their motivations for becoming counselors, reasons for program selection, and perceptions of faith integration in their education. Results revealed that students motivated by spiritual factors, such as pleasing God or influencing others spiritually, were significantly more likely to choose programs emphasizing faith integration and shared spiritual values. Older students placed greater importance on faith integration …

Doctrinal Perspectives In Tension: Seventh-Day Adventists On The Holy Spirit And The Trinity, Petr Cincala, Injae Son, René Drumm

Adventist Human-Subject Researchers Association

This presentation examines global survey data on Seventh-day Adventist beliefs about the Trinity and the Holy Spirit. While 81.3% affirm the traditional doctrine, 56.6% also view the Holy Spirit as God’s power rather than a Person. The study explores patterns and reasons behind this theological tension.

A2) Motivations For Religious Tourism And Pilgrimage: Spirituality Or Modern Tourism, Razaq Raj, Kevin Griffin

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Religious tourism and pilgrimage represent vital dimensions of global travel, deeply embedded in cultural, spiritual, and economic frameworks. This paper examines the definitions, motivations, and statistical insights surrounding these faith-based journeys, highlighting their enduring significance. Religious tourism encompasses visits to sacred sites, participation in religious events, and engagement in spiritual retreats, while pilgrimage specifically refers to journeys undertaken to fulfill religious obligations or seek divine enlightenment.

The motivations driving religious tourism and pilgrimage are multifaceted. They range from spiritual fulfillment and cultural exploration to communal participation and personal transformation. Key pilgrimage sites such as Mecca, Vatican City, and Varanasi draw …

B1) Integrating Spirituality And Culture In Visitor Experience: The Case Of The Cathedral Of Barcelona, Silvia Aulet, Anna Vilanova

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Sacred sites such as the Barcelona Cathedral have a significant symbolic role and act as guardians of tradition, being an example of the convergence between tangible and intangible heritage. Tourism management must take this duality into account to offer an enriching experience to visitors. The Cathedral of Barcelona, with more than 1,700 years of history, is a sacred space that has stood testimony to the deep connection between human beings and religious faith. This temple is not only a cultural centre, but also a cultural and tourist reference that attracts an important part of the visitors who arrive in the …

A1) Preserving The Sacred: Combating Vandalism In Religious Monuments, Polyxeni Moira, Dimitrios Mylonopoulos

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Acts of vandalism against monuments have been recorded since antiquity. According to the German historian Gregorovius, the habit of travelers carving their names onto monuments is as ancient as human vanity itself. In the Egyptian Thebes, Greek and Roman travelers covered the Colossus of Memnon with inscriptions. Vandalism as an act began to be scientifically studied during the 1970s and 1980s by researchers from various disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, criminology, law, architecture, and others. The documentation of acts of vandalism in tourism has been noted by researchers, although the phenomenon has not received significant attention in academic study. The …

B3) Tourism Asset Management In Religious Cities: A Study Of Religious Resources In Japanese Sacred Sites, Shin Yasuda

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

The flourishing of the religious tourism industry worldwide has created opportunities for the development of various religious products and services at sacred sites. Indeed, the expansion of commercial spaces on the periphery of holy sites demonstrates that contemporary sacred sites can be analysed in terms of not only their religious significance and the religious motivations of visitors but also their economic dimensions, including commercial activities and property management in such places.

In previous studies, Shackley (2001) and others have emphasised the concept of management at sacred sites, highlighting the importance of analysing commercial spaces surrounding these sites, as well as …

A4) Religious Tourism And Religiosity Among Generation Z From A Postsecular Context, Elzbieta Bilska-Wodecka, Justyna Liro

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Due to historical conditions and the social-cultural changes in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries among other factors, and despite secular processes, remarkably, religious and spiritual motives still continue to be common among travellers around the world. Therefore, the popularity of religious and spiritual travel cannot be simply explained by the growth in the religiosity of societies. It should be emphasized that this is postmodern phenomenon, reflecting one of the indirect aspects of post secularization, especially in European societies, and a way for individuals to affirm their faith. In contemporary societies, religiosity of Europe is experiencing profound transformations, especially among young …

B4) Transforming The Sacred Space Into A Historical Place: The Case Of Paco Cemetery In Manila, Philippines, Jerome Ong

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Paco Park, a peaceful modern-day recreational garden, is situated in the heart of Manila, Philippines. It was originally used as a municipal cemetery, primarily for the wealthy Spanish families during the colonial era. Then known as Cementerio Genreral de Dilao o simply Paco Cemetery, it was initially built by the Dominican friars in 1807 that became the burial ground for cholera-stricken victims during the 1820s. During the Spanish regime, a number of renowned Filipino heroes and personalities were interred at the Paco Cemetery at the onset, including the country’s national hero Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal and the three martyred priests …

A3) Faith, Culture, And Transformation: A Case Study Of Visitors To The Tumane Monastery, Marija Bratic, Danijel Pavlovic

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

This study examines the experiences of visitors to the Tumane Monastery, one of the most significant Serbian religious and pilgrimage sites. Located in a peaceful natural setting, the Tumane Monastery is known for its spiritual importance, rich history, and connection to miraculous events, making it a key religious and cultural destination in the Branievo District of Eastern Serbia. The unique combination of the monastery's religious heritage and natural beauty attracts pilgrims and tourists seeking spiritual and cultural enrichment.

Using a survey methodology, this research analyses the demographic characteristics, motives, behaviours, and perceptions of visitors (believers, pilgrims, and tourists), as well …

B2) Local Governance And Community Regeneration: A Case Study In The North Of Portugal, Carlos Fernandes, Isilda Leitão

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Our Lady of Peace is one of the several titles attributed to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Roman Catholic Church. The main theme of Our Lady’s messages is the call to peace and reconciliation obtained only through prayer. Our Lady of Peace churches and shrines may be found throughout the world. One is a Marian shrine and pilgrimage site in a remote mountain village in Ponte da Barca, in the North of Portugal This paper aims to disseminate the story of a small religious shrine and examines the local governance and development initiatives being taken to stimulate visitation.

The …

Global Issues Local Impact, Philip Jenkins

Adventist Human-Subject Researchers Association

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Health And Herbal Products For Covid-19 Self-Prevention And Its Affecting Factors According To Theory Of Planned Behavior, Suppachai Insuk, Supanida Kittirattanasak, Mullika Sirithongkaset, Daranee Chiewchantanakit

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Despite the World Health Organization’s recent declaration of the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lessons learned from the outbreak remain crucial for future public health responses. In Thailand, the pandemic’s impact led individuals to explore self-protection methods, including potentially ineffective health products. This study examined the prevalence of health and herbal products used for COVID-19 self-prevention, to identify the types of these products in use and to identify factors influencing their utilization.

Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 400 Thai participants aged 25–60 who had never contracted COVID-19. The study employed convenience sampling and self-administered online questionnaires based on …

America First: Make Nato Great Again, Matthew Thomas Becker

Faculty and Student Publications

This guest editorial appeared in multiple venues:

1. The Clarion Ledger (online: 7/8/2025, print: 7/13/2025)
2. The Commercial Dispatch (6/26/2025)
3. Hattiesburg American (7/8/2025)
4. Magnolia Tribune (7/1/2025)
5. USA Today (7/8/2025)
6. Press Reader (7/13/2025)

Und Connect: A Preliminary Overview Of Courtroom Observations And Interviews With Gfdvc Professionals And Representatives, Adam K. Matz, Ashley Fansher, Roni Mayzer, Jackson Archbold, Kambrya Stephenson, Sierra Schartz

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

This research brief summarizes about half a dozen courtroom observations and a dozen interviews conducted with practitioners and court representatives affiliated with the Grand Forks Domestic Violence Court (GFDVC). About 43% of women and 31% of men in the state of North Dakota have experienced some form of sexual, physical, or stalking violence in their lifetime (Smith et al., 2023). Rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the state generally matches that of the broader nation, though the state ranks as one of the lowest in terms of violence against men.

Nature's Medicine? The Associations Of Organized Youth Sport, Unstructured Physical Activity, And Land-Use Recreation With Children's Mental Health, Emotional Control, And Social Well-Being, Natalie Stagnone, Katherine Alexander, Kat V. Adams, Travis Dorsch

Human Development and Family Studies Student Research

Physical activity is well-established as beneficial for children’s physical and mental health, yet limited research has explored how different activity types impact psychosocial outcomes. This is a cross-sectional study that examined associations between youth participation in organized sport, unstructured physical activity, and land-use recreation and their psychosocial health. Survey data were collected from 3246 caregivers of children in the Intermountain West region of the United States. Respondents reported on children’s physical activity engagement and psychosocial outcomes, including mental health, emotional control, and social well-being. All three activity types were significantly associated with improved psychosocial health (p < 0.001). Compared to organized sport, unstructured physical activity and land-use recreation were associated with significantly higher levels of mental health and emotional control (p_adj < 0.001), although with a small effect size (η^{2 …}

Preserving The Groove: Identifying & Preserving Grooved Media, Michael Bean, Michael Bean

LWLC Faculty Research

Preserving the Groove” is an introductory workshop on the identification, handling, and preservation of grooved sound media. The session covers three primary formats shellac, acetate, and vinyl while also touching on lesser-known and historically significant discs such as transcription discs, Bone Records, and Vitaphone soundtracks. Attendees will learn how to distinguish between formats, understand their playback requirements, and apply best practices for cleaning, storage, and digitization. Emphasis is placed on the physical vulnerabilities of each medium and the importance of preservation in archival and personal collections alike.