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Articles 16141 - 16170 of 19513
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Role Of Ethnic-Racial Centrality On Exposure To Microaggressions And The Mental Health And Academic Success Of Second-Generation Latiné Adolescents, Lisette Munoz
Theses and Dissertations
People holding racially minoritized identities are frequently subjected to racial-ethnic microaggressions, a form of everyday racism and discrimination. Acculturative stress and microaggressions have a direct impact on immigrants' mental health (Gee et al., 2007; Finch & Vega, 2003; Hovey, 2000). The increase in conservative immigration policies has led to increased anti-immigrant sentiments and microaggressions (Sissoko & Nadal, 2021). The impact of microaggressions can detrimentally affect psychological and physiological wellbeing, as well as academic performance and cognitive function (Solórzano & Pérez Huber, 2020). Because of their experiences with discrimination, Latino children may become more aware of biases in their social interactions …
Genetic Relative-Finder Services: A Qualitative Study Of Consumer Experiences, Sarah A. Sciba
Genetic Relative-Finder Services: A Qualitative Study Of Consumer Experiences, Sarah A. Sciba
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Genetic genealogy is an emergent topic in sociology. To date, over 41 million individuals worldwide have tested with the top four direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTCGT) companies: AncestryDNA, FamilyTreeDNA, 23andMe, and MyHeritageDNA (Glynn 2022). These tests provide consumers with ethnicity estimates, a list of DNA cousin matches, or both. Despite the popularity of DTCGT, there is a lack of data on consumer experiences with genetic relative-finder services (GRF) in the sociological literature. Methodology: I conducted exploratory, qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews with eight adult women who have used GRF. I gathered data about their motivations for participation …
Media Viability In Resource-Constrained Newsrooms: The Case Of The Observer Newspaper In Uganda, Nakitimbo Amelia Martha
Media Viability In Resource-Constrained Newsrooms: The Case Of The Observer Newspaper In Uganda, Nakitimbo Amelia Martha
Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation
The Observer newspaper in Uganda has built a solid reputation as an impartial, independent, and analytical publication that adheres to the ethical principles of good journalism. Founded and run by a small team of journalists, the newspaper has weathered many storms, including financial crises, political intimidation, newsroom equipment seizure, and the early death of the vision carrier, Kevin Aliro. This study analyzes and records the approaches used by The Observer's editorial staff to keep the newspaper afloat during two turbulent decades of financial, political, and economic difficulties. In contrast to other newsrooms that are frequently defined by strict hierarchies between …
Evaluating The Viability Of Monetizing Media Content Archives: A Case Of Vision Group, Eva F. Nabagesera Kirunda
Evaluating The Viability Of Monetizing Media Content Archives: A Case Of Vision Group, Eva F. Nabagesera Kirunda
Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation
This study examines the viability of a media content archive with a focus on Vision Group. Amid digital transformation, media organizations face mounting pressure to monetize archives of historical, cultural, and journalistic content. This is particularly relevant for legacy media like Vision Group, which confronts external and internal challenges that threaten sustainability. Externally, digital disruption has diminished traditional revenue streams like print advertising and subscriptions, as tech giants dominate digital ad spaces. Younger audiences prefer free, interactive content on social media and podcasts, while inflation and economic pressures shrink advertising budgets and consumer spending. Internally, reliance on outdated business models, …
Employee Engagement In Rebranding, Violet Andoyo Otindo
Employee Engagement In Rebranding, Violet Andoyo Otindo
Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation
Corporate rebranding involves redefining an organization’s mission, vision, and values beyond changes to logos or taglines. Its success depends on active employee engagement, as employees play a critical role as brand ambassadors. The rebranding of the National Syndemic Diseases Control Council (NSDCC), formerly the National AIDS Control Council (NACC), illustrates the complexities of a government organization undergoing a strategic shift. The NSDCC expanded its focus from HIV control to addressing multiple syndemic diseases and related health factors. This study investigates employee engagement during rebranding the National AIDS Control Council (NACC) to the National Syndemic Diseases Control Council (NSDCC). This transition …
Embracing Digital Disruption In Tanzania: Insights From Mwananchi Communications Ltd's Print-To-Digital Multimedia Journey, Absalom Norman Kibanda
Embracing Digital Disruption In Tanzania: Insights From Mwananchi Communications Ltd's Print-To-Digital Multimedia Journey, Absalom Norman Kibanda
Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation
This capstone study investigates the profound impact of digital transformation on print media, employing Mwananchi Communications Ltd (MCL) in Tanzania as a case study, elucidating the intricate fusion of cultural transformation and strategic shifts in response to this disruption. With an in-depth exploration of theoretical frameworks like Networked Communication Theory and Media Convergence Theory, this study underscores the evolution of MCL's culture and the paradigm shift in the mindset of its staff and readers since the company's strategic embrace of multimedia strategies. MCL's transformative journey, characterized by the adoption of innovative multimedia platforms, including a website, paywall approaches, subscription models, …
Investigating The Role Of Data Analytics In News Production And Distribution: A Case Of Nation Media Group, Uganda, Clare Muhindo
Investigating The Role Of Data Analytics In News Production And Distribution: A Case Of Nation Media Group, Uganda, Clare Muhindo
Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation
This study investigates the role of data analytics in news production and distribution in Uganda, using a case study of Nation Media Group, Uganda (NMG-U). The study is framed within the context of the gatekeeping theory, particularly the participatory gatekeeping model, which focuses on the creation of processes, or newsroom routines and norms, that are developed as a direct result of audience input interpreted through audience data. The research had three objectives: (1) to examine how data analytics are integrated into editorial workflows at NMG Uganda. (2) to explore how data analytics shape editorial priorities and (3) to identify strategies …
What Do They Love? A Study Of Digital Media Consumption By Young University Audiences In Uganda, Allan Chekwech
What Do They Love? A Study Of Digital Media Consumption By Young University Audiences In Uganda, Allan Chekwech
Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation
The proliferation of computers, smartphones, the Internet, social media, and streaming platforms has led to a surge in digital media consumption. Young audiences, especially those aged between 18 and 34, are increasingly turning to digital platforms for entertainment, information, and social interaction, much to the disadvantage of traditional media platforms such as the newspaper, radio and television. As a result, many media players are concerned about what young people consume, especially if they follow any news. Consequently, the desire to understand their news consumption habits on these digital platforms is paramount. Using a quantitative approach, this study got responses from …
Globalization In Context, Ayu Okvitawanli, Wolfgang Friedlmeier, Rachana Bhangaokar
Globalization In Context, Ayu Okvitawanli, Wolfgang Friedlmeier, Rachana Bhangaokar
IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences
The Proceedings are divided into two parts: Volume I includes the links to the recorded keynotes and the book of abstracts of the XXVII Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2024. Volume II consists of the individual empirical papers.
Drawn To Gov Docs, Arizona State University, Fletcher Library
Drawn To Gov Docs, Arizona State University, Fletcher Library
Art and Music
Photographs, Collection Description, and Bibliography for a display of government documents from Fletcher Library at Arizona State University.
Ai Literacy For Instructors Certificate Teaching Materials, Justine Martin
Ai Literacy For Instructors Certificate Teaching Materials, Justine Martin
All Resources
These documents contain teaching materials for a four week AI literacy certificate program for instructors. The items include a syllabus, four after class worksheet assignments, and four PowerPoint presentations to guide synchronous Zoom sessions. These materials will help instructors build foundational knowledge and practical skills in the use and evaluation of generative AI (artificial intelligence). Facilitators will be able to explain how generative AI works, promote the applied use of AI chatbots for teaching purposes, and provide discussion and reflection on the ethical ramifications of AI use in higher education classrooms.
Floral Encounters: Examining The Role Of Experience Goods And Promoters In Specialty Cut Flower Workshops, Savannah L. Columbia
Floral Encounters: Examining The Role Of Experience Goods And Promoters In Specialty Cut Flower Workshops, Savannah L. Columbia
Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics
This thesis provides insight for any farmer interested in agritourism, specifically, specialty cut flower workshops, by investigating consumer behavior related to specialty cut flower workshops as an experience good. It investigates which experience good cues may be important for a consumer’s decision-making process. It introduces a Specialty Cut Flower Workshop Experience Map, which explains how potential participants move from first learning about a specialty cut flower workshop to their long-term behaviors as consumers. These findings help to provide marketing support for smaller-scale specialty crop farmers, specifically, specialty cut flower farmers.
Flaming Hot Queers: Queer Warmth In Forensics, Caleb Webb
Flaming Hot Queers: Queer Warmth In Forensics, Caleb Webb
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
In order for Queer people to feel safe enough to disclose their identity they must feel safe and comfortable to do so. In the context of forensics, Croucher et al. (2009) detailed how team identification and comfort carry similar variables, thus linking team identification and comfort. When Queer people can feel the comfort coming from the space reflecting Queerness, they sense the Queer warmth in the space. Sekimoto et al. (2020) described how Queer individuals use this warmth in the space as a social navigational tool in order to ensure safety. As forensics has seen an increase in Queer performances …
A Phenomenological Study: Implicit Bias In The Hiring Practices Of Health Care Organizations (Perception, Impact On Workforce Diversity, Mitigation Methods, And Implementation Assessment), Mohamed Boubrik
Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how implicit bias influences hiring practices within health care organizations. Specifically, it investigated the perceptions of hiring professionals regarding implicit bias, its impact on workforce diversity, the strategies used to mitigate it, and the effectiveness of those strategies in real-world implementation.
Methodology: This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences of hiring professionals in Southern California health care organizations. A random sampling method was used to select participants across various health care facilities. Data collection was conducted through semistructured interviews, using a validated interview protocol as …
Breaking Barriers: A Delphi Study On Strategies Military Women Of Color Use To Advance Into Senior Leadership In The California Air National Guard, Michelle Leon Carrasco
Breaking Barriers: A Delphi Study On Strategies Military Women Of Color Use To Advance Into Senior Leadership In The California Air National Guard, Michelle Leon Carrasco
Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this Delphi study was to determine what strategies military women of color (in ranks of E–8 and above or O–4 and above) used to overcome workplace barriers to advancement in the California Air National Guard (CAANG), to rate the importance of the strategies identified in Research Question 1, and to determine the methods by which they employed the top five most important strategies.Methodology: This study used a three-round Delphi method to collect data from women of color senior leaders in the CAANG. In Round 1, the expert panel identified strategies to overcome workplace barriers to advance …
Championing Change: Equipping Employees For Digital Transformation, Tracie Edwards
Championing Change: Equipping Employees For Digital Transformation, Tracie Edwards
Doctor of Strategic Leadership (DSL) Capstone Abstracts
Title of Project: Championing Change: Equipping Employees for Digital Transformation Defense Date: March 5, 2025 Candidate Name: Tracie Edwards Personal Email Address: [email protected] First Advisor: Dr. Bethany Peters Second Advisor: Dr. Jolene Erlacher
DSL Final Project Abstract: According to various sources, 70% or more of digital transformation initiatives fail. Some authors believe the failures are due to “people” problems and the inability of organizations to overcome resistance or a lack of skills among employees. Many organizations also choose to downsize rather than skill up existing staff. However, doing so incurs costs, including the loss of business knowledge and the need …
Permission To Unpack: Releasing The Traumas From Toxic Relationships, One Brick At A Time, Tomasa Villaronga
Permission To Unpack: Releasing The Traumas From Toxic Relationships, One Brick At A Time, Tomasa Villaronga
Doctor of Strategic Leadership (DSL) Capstone Abstracts
"Permission to Unpack: Releasing the Traumas from Toxic Relationships, One Brick at a Time" is a transformative manuscript designed to empower women to confront and heal from the traumas tied to toxic relationships. This book serves as a comprehensive guide, offering practical tools and insights to help readers engage in self-discovery and healing at their own pace. Central to the narrative are the principles of transformational leadership, guiding women on a journey of self-exploration and empowerment.
The text delves into critical themes such as Depression, Cycles, Love Bombing, Domestic Violence, Relapse, Sex, Narcissism, Trauma Bonds, Rebounding, Grief, and Forgiveness, providing …
Feasibility Of An Lgbtq+ Public Health Surveillance Platform In Kentucky: A Brief Report On Mental Health Signals, Keith J. Watts, Sydney Howard, Missy Spears, Carolyn Lauckner, Rachel H. Farr, Glenn Means, Justin X. Moore
Feasibility Of An Lgbtq+ Public Health Surveillance Platform In Kentucky: A Brief Report On Mental Health Signals, Keith J. Watts, Sydney Howard, Missy Spears, Carolyn Lauckner, Rachel H. Farr, Glenn Means, Justin X. Moore
Social Work Faculty Publications
Background/Objectives: Robust, state-level LGBTQ+ health surveillance is scarce in Kentucky, limiting evidence-based healthcare planning and policy. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and early public-health utility of a community-partnered annual survey and compare selected mental health stressors between Kentucky and non-Kentucky respondents.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey (13 April–15 July 2024) developed with a statewide LGBTQ+ nonprofit. Recruitment occurred via organizational channels and community events. A content warning preceded the survey, which was administered via Qualtrics. Data quality was screened using reCAPTCHA. We assessed feasibility metrics including recruitment and completion rates. Mental health stressors were captured …
Examining The Role Of Peer And Family Belongingness In The Mental Health Of Black Lgbtq+ Youth, Keith J. Watts, M. Alex Wagaman, Andrew D. Eaton, Vivian W. Y. Leung, Shelley L. Craig
Examining The Role Of Peer And Family Belongingness In The Mental Health Of Black Lgbtq+ Youth, Keith J. Watts, M. Alex Wagaman, Andrew D. Eaton, Vivian W. Y. Leung, Shelley L. Craig
Social Work Faculty Publications
A sense of belonging to familial and peer networks is crucial for the mental health of LGBTQ + youth. Black LGBTQ + youth report feeling rejected and isolated due to their sexual and/or gender identities. Utilizing linear regression analyses, this study explored the relationship between peer and family belongingness and levels of depression, anxiety, and self-rated mental health among 181 Black LGBTQ + youth in the United States and Canada. Findings suggest that family and peer belongingness are important factors in Black LGBTQ + youth’s mental health and warrant further study into the protective nature of peer and family relationships …
Conceptualising Coercion In Child/Forced Marriage Through An Intersectional Lens: Narratives Of Survivors And Practitioners In The Us, Sundari Anitha, Manjusha Gupte
Conceptualising Coercion In Child/Forced Marriage Through An Intersectional Lens: Narratives Of Survivors And Practitioners In The Us, Sundari Anitha, Manjusha Gupte
Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
This article examines the nature and forms of coercion in the forced marriage of minors in the US. We explore: (i) direct emotional or physical force exercised by parents which is commonly underpinned by dominant constructions of gender and sexuality, a well-rehearsed theme in existing scholarship; (ii) the hitherto unexamined role of intersecting socio-economic disadvantages in vitiating consent; and (iii) how state policies/practices create conducive contexts for child/forced marriage, which is elided in existing scholarship. In extending existing conceptualisations of coercion in child/forced marriage, we explicate the ‘total burden of coercion’ through a focus on the contexts within which consent …
Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Cardiovascular Diseases And Risk Factors In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990-2023, Global Burden Of Cardiovascular Diseases And Risks 2023 Collaborators, Benjamin A. Stark, Nicole K. Decleene, Emily C. Desai, Johnathan M. Hsu, Catherine O. Johnson, Laura Lara-Castor, Kate E. Legrand, Prof Bhoomadevi A., Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Nasir Abbas, Madineh Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Hedayat Abbastabar, Abdallah H. A. Abd Al Magied, Samar Abd Elhafeez, Gregory A. Roth, Et Al.
Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Cardiovascular Diseases And Risk Factors In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990-2023, Global Burden Of Cardiovascular Diseases And Risks 2023 Collaborators, Benjamin A. Stark, Nicole K. Decleene, Emily C. Desai, Johnathan M. Hsu, Catherine O. Johnson, Laura Lara-Castor, Kate E. Legrand, Prof Bhoomadevi A., Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Nasir Abbas, Madineh Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Hedayat Abbastabar, Abdallah H. A. Abd Al Magied, Samar Abd Elhafeez, Gregory A. Roth, Et Al.
Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Environmental Health Faculty Publications
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and are among the foremost causes of disability globally. CVD burden has continued to increase in most countries since 1990, with trends driven by changing exposures to harmful risk factors, population growth, and population aging.
Objectives
We report estimates of global, national, and subnational CVD burden, including 18 subdiseases and 12 associated modifiable risk factors. We analyzed change in CVD burden from 1990 to 2023 and identified drivers of change including population growth, population aging, and risk factor exposure.
Methods
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study, a multinational …
Think Again: How Communication Eportfolios And Work-Based Learning Foster Resilience Through Double-Looping, Megan Mize, Alison Lietzenmayer, Gary Beck
Think Again: How Communication Eportfolios And Work-Based Learning Foster Resilience Through Double-Looping, Megan Mize, Alison Lietzenmayer, Gary Beck
Communication & Theatre Arts Faculty Publications
In a changing professional landscape, students need more than disciplinary knowledge; they need tools for reflection, adaptability, and purpose-driven growth. At Old Dominion University (ODU), ePortfolios and work-based learning (WBL) are strategically embedded across the Communication curriculum to foster double-loop learning, a recursive, metacognitive process through which students not only reflect on outcomes but also interrogate the assumptions behind their choices. Drawing from a decade of institutional practice, course-based examples, and student reflections, this chapter illustrates how these high-impact practices (HIPs) help students connect coursework to career goals, revisit self-perceptions, and build resilience over time. By linking academic learning to …
How Self-Perceptions Relate To Recorded Proficiency: An Action Research Project Aimed At Implementing A Supplemental Reading Program For Balinese Students, Katherine L. Johnson
How Self-Perceptions Relate To Recorded Proficiency: An Action Research Project Aimed At Implementing A Supplemental Reading Program For Balinese Students, Katherine L. Johnson
2025 Fall Honors Capstones Projects - Archive
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education has had a complex history globally. This is especially true for Bali, Indonesia, where tourism is the main driver of the local economy. Learning English is highly valued, yet many students are left struggling to build the skills needed to rise above the local poverty line. In this action research study, the primary goal was to analyze students’ reading proficiencies to recommend the implementation of a reading program that could be appropriately tailored to individual students. This was done through administering a reading test, tracking both comprehension and reading speed, and a survey …
The Effect Of Zebra Mussels On Minnesota Fish Communities, Benjamin D. Strei
The Effect Of Zebra Mussels On Minnesota Fish Communities, Benjamin D. Strei
Journal of Earth and Life Science
Zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha are an aquatic invasive species that has been spreading quickly throughout Minnesota water bodies since 1989. Zebra mussels are known to change certain morphological conditions in lakes such as turbidity, phytoplankton abundance, and aquatic invertebrate populations. However, studies showing impacts of the infestation of zebra mussels on the health of a fish community have been hard to prove due to a lack of repeated surveys and a suite of other confounding variables such as natural and seasonal variability, plant community, and lake morphometry. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether zebra mussels have …
Understanding The Intersection Between Alaska Native And Military Cultural Identities: Using Arts-Based Narrative Inquiry With Mixed Methods, Leslie M. Robertson
Understanding The Intersection Between Alaska Native And Military Cultural Identities: Using Arts-Based Narrative Inquiry With Mixed Methods, Leslie M. Robertson
Art Therapy | Doctoral Dissertations
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) peoples have contributed significant efforts towards involvement in the military and have served in the Armed Forces at five times the national average. AI/AN peoples have served with distinction in every major conflict for over 200 years. There has been a pervasive and historical lack of recognition for their service and a lack of awareness of the intersection between Indigenous and military cultures (Ault, 2020; Bennett, 2009; Department of Veterans Affairs, 2020; Harris & Hirsch, 2020; Holm, 2010; Krouse, 2007; Marston, 1972; Nalewicki, 2021; NICOA, 2019; Viola, 2008; Wooda et al., 2021).
This study …
Out Of Institutions, Into Society: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis Exploring The Shared Experiences Of Veterans And Formerly Incarcerated Persons Reintegrating Into Civilian Life, Hannah C. Pederson
Social Work Theses - Archive
The reintegration experiences of veterans and formerly incarcerated persons (FIPs) share significant parallels, yet there is a notable lack of literature exploring these similarities. This study employs qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis (QIMS) methodology, a cross-study qualitative analysis approach developed specifically for the social work field, to identify commonalities in the reintegration narratives of U.S. veterans transitioning from military service and FIPs returning to civilian life post-incarceration. The author conducted a QIMS on ten studies published between 2006 and 2024 (N=172). The QIMS yielded seven overarching themes: supports, mental health and wellness, institutional residue, culture shock, socioeconomic hardships (“it’s hard out here”), …
Growing Up In A Blended Family: A Narrative Review Of Mental And Emotional Health Impact, Gerald K. Evans, Gerald Kevin Evans-Mayner
Growing Up In A Blended Family: A Narrative Review Of Mental And Emotional Health Impact, Gerald K. Evans, Gerald Kevin Evans-Mayner
Social Work Theses - Archive
Adolescents growing up in blended families are at a higher risk of experiencing emotional and mental health challenges compared to adolescents growing up in nuclear families. This thesis examines this impact as adolescents transition into adulthood. This narrative review gathered data from articles published from 2019 to 2024 in the United States that were archived in the Family Studies Abstracts database. The findings primarily concerned romantic and parent-teen relationships, effects that began and lingered after adolescence, exposure to violence, and lack of intimacy and security. The implications of this research are that future investigations are needed to better understand the …
Experiences Of Community Leaders And Organizers Within The Stop Six Community, Caitlin Herron
Experiences Of Community Leaders And Organizers Within The Stop Six Community, Caitlin Herron
Social Work Theses - Archive
Although community-based and grassroots leadership research exists, little exists in the way of exploring the personal and relational experiences of community organizers to their work and to their community. Using data collected from semi-structured interviews with self-identified community leaders, this research addresses insights into their lived experiences. In particular, a thematic exploration looks at what appeared across each interview. This research is intended to serve as a basis for future research into the lived experiences of community organizers outside of one specific experience or cause, but rather to take an in-depth look into them, their perceptions, and their relationship to …
From Insight To Experience Mapping Experiential Approaches To Cultivating Self-Awareness In Undergraduate Social Work Curricula, Georgianna E. Goff
From Insight To Experience Mapping Experiential Approaches To Cultivating Self-Awareness In Undergraduate Social Work Curricula, Georgianna E. Goff
Social Work Theses - Archive
This scoping review examines the current state of experiential learning methodologies used to increase self-awareness among undergraduate social work students. While the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) emphasizes self-awareness as a core professional competency, the literature reveals a notable lack of a standardized, field-wide definition and a reliance on fragmented pedagogical approaches. This Review systematically analyzed nine empirical studies, mapping the key characteristics, theoretical frameworks, and teaching methods. The findings indicate that most studies used qualitative or mixed-methods designs, with a majority relying on Kolb’s and Dewey’s experiential learning theories to bridge the gap between classroom theory and professional …
Quantity Over Quality? What Pupil Dilations Tell Us About Cognitive Effort At Learning., Durna Alakbarova
Quantity Over Quality? What Pupil Dilations Tell Us About Cognitive Effort At Learning., Durna Alakbarova
Psychology Dissertations - Archive
The current study examined whether pupil dilations at encoding reflect cognitive effort participants engage in a task. According to the cognitive effort hypothesis of pupil dilations, increases in cognitive effort cause activation of the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC-NE) system, which is reflected in larger pupil dilations. While task-evoked pupillary responses (TEPRs) have been used as a marker of cognitive effort, it remains unclear whether changes in pupil size reflect encoding success. We proposed that the reason for conflicting findings on the topic is a lack of nuance in examining cognitive effort. Specifically, we suggested that cognitive effort consists of two separate …