Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Stereotype Threat: A Proposed Process Model On The Impact Of Stereotype Threat On Self-Efficacy And Minority Performance, Sherese Stewart

Dissertations

Kingdon and Cassen (2010) indicated that historically there has been concern about the educational achievement of minority individuals. There is a need for research about the psychological mechanisms that play a part in the minority achievement gap. This document explored how stereotype threat impacts self-efficacy and minority academic performance and implications for cultural mistrust, imposter phenomenon, and self-fulfilling prophecies. All these factors have the propensity to place minority individuals at risk for low performance, leading to gaps in education. The population of focus for this review consisted of African Americans, Latinx individuals, and women. There has been limited research about …

Piloting The Sexual And Gender Minority Cancer Curricular Advances For Research And Education (Sgm Cancer Care) Workshop: Research Training In The Service Of Sgm Cancer Health Equity, Miria Kano, Irene Tamí-Maury, Mandi L Pratt-Chapman, Shine Chang, Mikaela Kosich, Gwendolyn P Quinn, Tonia Poteat, Peter A Kanetsky, Ronit Elk, Ulrike Boehmer, Julian Sanchez, Charles Kamen, Nelson F Sanchez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The purpose of this study is to describe the context, curriculum design, and pilot evaluation of the educational program "Sexual and Gender Minority Cancer Curricular Advances for Research and Education" (SGM Cancer CARE), a workshop for early-career researchers and healthcare providers interested in gaining knowledge and skills in sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer research and healthcare advocacy. A needs assessment of a sample of clinicians and researchers (n = 104) and feedback from an Advisory Board informed the curriculum design of the SGM Cancer CARE workshop. Four SGM-tailored modules, focusing on epidemiology, clinical research, behavioral science and interventions, and …

Inferring Personalized Treatment Effect Of Antihypertensives On Alzheimer's Disease Using Deep Learning, Pulakesh Upadhyaya, Yaobin Ling, Luyao Chen, Yejin Kim, Xiaoqian Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, especially among the elderly. Recent studies have shown how hypertension is related to cognitive decline in elderly patients, which in turn leads to increased mortality as well as morbidity. There have been various studies that have looked at the effect of antihypertensive drugs in reducing cognitive decline, and their results have proved inconclusive. However, most of these studies assume the treatment effect is similar for all patients, thus considering only the average treatment effects of antihypertensive drugs. In this paper, we assume that the effect …

Predicting The Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementia In Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Using A Semi-Competing Risk Approach, Zhaoyi Chen, Yuchen Yang, Dazheng Zhang, Jingchuan Guo, Yi Guo, Xia Hu, Yong Chen, Jiang Bian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD) are a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases. The progression of AD can be conceptualized as a continuum in which patients progress from normal cognition to preclinical AD (i.e., no symptoms but biological changes in the brain) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (i.e., mild symptoms but not interfere with daily activities), followed by increasing severity of dementia due to AD. Early detection and prediction models for the transition of MCI to AD/ADRD are needed, and efforts have been made to build predictions of MCI conversion to AD/ADRD. However, most existing studies …

Direct Election, Bureaucratic Appointment, And Local Government Responsiveness In Taiwan, Sara A. Newland

Government: Faculty Publications

Does local democracy induce better service to citizens? While elected officials can be punished at the ballot box if they fail to address citizens’ needs, appointed bureaucrats may have policy knowledge that enables them to better serve citizens. Employing a multimethod design, this paper uses variation in local political institutions in Taiwan to assess the relative merits of direct election and bureaucratic appointment for local government responsiveness. While democratic institutions are often thought to induce responsiveness, I find that in Taiwan, with its historically strong bureaucracy and relatively new democratic institutions, the picture is somewhat more complicated. Elected and appointed …

Family, Work, Economy, Or Social Policy: Examining Poverty Among Children Of Single Mothers In Affluent Democracies Between 1985-2016, Amie Bostic

Sociology Faculty Publications

Children of single mothers face higher rates of poverty than children in two-parent households in practically every affluent democracy. While this difference is widely acknowledged, there is little consensus regarding the causes of their poverty and, as a result, little consensus on the best way to address poverty among these children. Explanations include both individual-level, structural, and political explanations in four areas: family structure, labor force activity, economic performance, and welfare generosity. Previous research, however, tends to focus on only one of these four aspects at a time. Using data from the Luxembourg Income Study and the Organisation for Economic …

The Ideal Spanish Candidate: The Effects Of Gender On The Electability Of Religious Candidates, Arabella Smith

Undergraduate Honors Theses

While the existing literature illustrates that voters living in Western countries are likely to elect female candidates and less likely to elect minority non-Christian candidates, literature has not yet addressed how the intersectionality of gender and religion affect voter preference. In this paper, I investigate how a candidate’s gender and religion interact to affect their likelihood of being elected. I use vignettes in a conjoint survey experiment of Spanish voters to show voter preference across two intersecting identities: gender and religion. I find that female Muslim candidates are significantly more electable than male Muslim candidates. This contributes to the body …

The Black Sea Matters Too: Understanding Türkiye’S Role In The Black Sea Region Through The Turkish Straits According To Regional Security Complex Theory, Allison Hart

Theses and Dissertations

This paper first establishes the Black Sea as a region according to regional security complex theory then defines Türkiye’s role within the region and the impact that the Turkish Straits have on maintaining regional security. Through constructivist approaches and regional security complex theory the paper critiques previously defined concepts pertaining to Türkiye’s role in the region and outlines perceived security threats within the Black Sea region. The use of threat perceptions as a means for analysis provides a unique constructivist approach on regional security complex theory allowing for a grounded research approach to regionalism in the Black Sea. The threat …

The Efficacy Of Social And Emotional Learning For High School Students With Cognitive Disabilities, The Experiential Approach, Lawanda Fox

Dissertations

Social and emotional learning (SEL) is essential to all students' education across all grade levels. However, what does that look like at different developmental stages, and how can SEL best support learning and development for high school students with cognitive disabilities? Young people are becoming more aware of their identities and values in high school. They build upon many social and emotional competencies (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making) developed throughout elementary and middle school. However, students with cognitive disabilities are more challenged than their peers without disabilities to accomplish these competencies. This study aims to identify …

Pathways To Offending: Domestic Sex Trafficking, Julie Williams

Dissertations

Multidisciplinary professionals across criminal justice, public policy, education, and health and

human services have all attempted to understand the complex phenomenon of sex trafficking to assist victims, correct offenders, and prevent future abuse. However, current research has struggled to agree on terms, definitions of terms, best measures of prevalence, and recommendations to address sex trafficking in the United States. This review of current literature aims to offer a synthesized framework to conceptualize domestic sex trafficking perpetrator behaviors (what they do), their uses of force, fraud, and coercion (how they do it), and their motivations and justifications/rationalizations for those behaviors (why …

Racial Identity Within The Indo-Caribbean Community: A Proposed Model, Alyssa Ramdihal

Dissertations

Part of the South Asian diaspora, the Indo-Caribbean community is a particularly marginalized minority community as a result of colonialism. Indo-Caribbeans are only considered the majority ethnic group in the country of Guyana, where there is a high rate of suicide mostly among Indo-Caribbean men who view it as a behavioral expression of emotional distress. From the research available, the Indo-Caribbean experience of mental health access in the Caribbean is limited due to improper collection and reporting of demographic information. Indo-Caribbeans who were raised from a young age or born outside of the Caribbean community region, often experience discrimination and …

A Rudimentary Framework Of The Emergence Of Naturally-Occurring Mentorships, Aaron S. Baker Cervantes

Dissertations

Cross-age relationships between youth and adults that develop organically outside the construct of youth programs are examples of natural mentoring relationships. In the United States, research has demonstrated the positive impact of these mentorships. Scholars have begun applying concepts learned from natural mentoring to formal mentoring schema; however, much work is yet to be done in examining how these relationships emerge and the factors that impact their development. Designed in partnership with a private secondary school in rural México, this study aimed to unpack these questions using a grounded theory approach. Current students, alumni, and teachers participated in the study …

The Preparation Of Educators To Implement An Sel Curriculum, Helen Elayan

Dissertations

Professional development and training for adults in a Social Emotional Learning (SEL) curriculum are essential to the successful implementation of SEL for students. The purpose of my study was to determine the perceptions of teachers' professional development for implementation of a social emotional learning curriculum. The context of this study was a small independent school as well as schools throughout the US. The findings of my study indicated that educators in both contexts wanted training prior to student implementation, preferred training with peers, and wanted to only implement one schoolwide initiative per year. I recommended that leaders at all schools …

Repurposing Retail To Bring Downtown Back: A Recovery Plan For Portland's South Downtown, Jamie Arnau, Luis Caro, Matthew Flodin, Amy Ly, Thiery Nanetangar, Valeria Tapia

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects

The Revive Collaborative team is creating a plan to revitalize the South Downtown neighborhood and promote economic opportunity for local business owners. PSU’s vacant retail spaces present the opportunity to restructure and reimagine how these spaces might be used to uplift the neighborhood, capitalize on its existing strengths, and increase the district’s livability. Public engagement with business owners, stakeholders, students, and residents combined with current best practices have informed Revive Collaborative’s suite of recommendations for how PSU can help revitalize South Downtown from both a broad policy and granular program perspective.

NixyáAwii Watikš, Owen Christofferson, Sara Goldstein, Nick Hadfield, Zhuoheng (Brian) Liu, Jenny Mazzella, Victoria Young

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects

Nixyáawii Watikš is a proposed multi-use path connecting the City of Pendleton, Oregon, to Mission, a community hub containing tribal institutions and new mixed-use developments in the heart of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. In collaboration with the Tribal Planning Office of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), the student team conducted research and explored possible trail route options based on physical constraints, stakeholder interests, community priorities, and travel needs. This project aims to propose one recommended trail solution that improves accessibility, connectivity, transportation options, and safety for all trail users.

Prioritizing Land For Housing In Warrenton, Anis Boughanmi, James Dingwell, Maddy Knickerbocker, Jovan Merceron, Miranda Seekins, Amanda Ufheil-Sommers

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects

To address future housing needs, this project offers the City of Warrenton’s planning department tools to guide future housing planning and infrastructure investments. The team developed suitability analysis models to identify priority locations for future development based on environmental constraints, current infrastructure, community amenities, and emergency resilience. This process identified a more nuanced picture of developable land than the adopted analyses. The report provides recommendations to guide changes to comprehensive planning policies.

Witnessing Academic Dishonesty And Student’S Satisfaction With Learning, Motivation For Studying And Evaluation Of Faculty, Dawoon Lee

Student Theses

Academic dishonesty has been a long-term problem in secondary and higher education. Previous studies reported that an average of two-thirds of students reported that they have engaged in academic dishonesty in high school or college. This study explored witnessing academic dishonesty and its influence on students' experiences in the learning environment. The hypothesis is that witnessing academic dishonesty will negatively impact the student’s satisfaction with learning, motivation for studying, and evaluation of faculty. In conducting the study, participants (N = 250) completed an online survey assessing their satisfaction with learning, motivation for studying, and evaluation of faculty. Participants also reported …

Dna Shedding Propensity And Individual Characteristics, Genesis Echavarria

Student Theses

This study attempted to correlate individual biological characteristics to the amount of DNA recovered from a person’s hands (representative of shedding propensity). We used adhesive D-Squame tape to collect DNA from the fingers of more than 100 volunteers with and without controlled activity after handwashing. Two no-activity samples were taken after 30 min from the non-dominant hand and two samples from the dominant hand were collected after 60 min of controlled activity. Involuntary touches during the 60-min activity period were counted. All samples were extracted for DNA, quantitated, and genotyped to detect mixtures. Skin measurements for hydration, sebum, and melanin …

Extraction Of Challenging Forensic Samples Using The Microgem Dna Extraction Kit, Falyn R. Vega

Student Theses

In forensic science, DNA extraction can be a tedious and resource-intensive process. Extraction with Proteinase K is an industry standard but has its drawbacks, such as requiring multiple ionic detergents and washing steps. MicroGEM has developed a new enzyme called forensicGEM that is temperature-dependent and compatible with mesophilic enzymes, offering complete DNA extraction in about 20 minutes in a single tube, limiting contamination, loss of sample, and working time. ForensicGEM can extract DNA from highly degraded samples, potentially leading to more complete STR profiles. Highly degraded tissue and bone samples were collected and extracted with the forensicGEM …

Comparison Of Hydrolysis Efficiency And Performance Of Four Recombinant Β- Glucuronidase Enzymes For The Detection Of Opioids In Urine Samples By Lc-Ms/Ms, Christina Fernandez

Student Theses

The United States has been experiencing a nationwide public health crisis since introducing prescription opioids in the 1990s. A central problem with opioids is their highly addictive nature causing a dose-dependent respiratory depression leading to overdoses and deaths. Drug overdose deaths have risen in the past two decades, with opioids being the dominant driver of this epidemic. Given the circumstances, accurate and efficient confirmatory analysis of opioids in urine is essential to monitoring patients’ compliance and preventing drug diversion in clinical and forensic settings. The development of recombinant β-glucuronidases allows for the hydrolysis of glucuronidated opioids using a shorter incubation …

Detection Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol And Cannabidiol In Utero Exposure By Umbilical Cord Analysis, Emily Pagano

Student Theses

With the rising consumption of cannabis and cannabinoid-containing products among different demographics, including pregnant women, it is increasingly necessary to develop analytical tools to be able to determine prenatal cannabis exposure. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and specific method, using umbilical cord, to determine in utero exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). After homogenization and hydrolysis, samples were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). MS analysis was performed in electrospray ionization negative mode and two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were monitored per analyte. The linearity …

Identification Of Different Hair Dyes In Dyed Hair Using Attenuated Total Reflectance (Atr Ft-Ir), Surface Enhancing Raman Spectroscopy (Sers) Techniques, Nicholas Lovera

Student Theses

This investigation compares the ability of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) and Surface Enhance Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to identify and differentiate different hair dye brands on dyed hair samples. Hair is a common type of trace evidence found at crime scenes and can provide numerous information through forensic hair analysis. Cosmetic hair treatment such as dying the hair different colors has grown and became popular, thus it can be a very common type of trace evidence. This study can provide a forensic scientist an additional method for analyzing dyed hair samples. The goal was to compare …

Impact Of Blood Preservatives And Anticoagulants On Cannabinoid Quantitative Analysis, Bridget O'Leary

Student Theses

The expanded use of recreational and medicinal cannabis products, as well as the appearance of new cannabinoid derivatives, increases the importance of implementing pre-analytical (sample collection) protocols and the development of recommendations for cannabinoid testing in biological samples. The accurate quantification of cannabinoids in biological samples is critical for providing a correct result interpretation, especially if specific thresholds have been legally set, as in drugs and driving cases in certain states. Previous studies have mainly focused on the impact of time and temperature on the stability of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) and metabolites in blood samples; however, the influence of the type …

The Sky's The Limit: Pauline Saliga’S Legacy Of Continuity, Amanda C.R. Clark

Library Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Fearing The Trojan Horse: Motives Attributed To The Outgroup And Rejection Of Outgroup Help, Hanna Zagefka, Erwine Dela Paz, Ma. Elizabeth Macapagal, Saima Ghazal, Emine Bilgen, Diana Cheso

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

Decisions to give and receive help are often influenced by group memberships, social identities, and intergroup relations. Two studies were conducted to test how perceived political relations between countries are related to willingness to accept offers of intergroup help. Respondents in two low-income countries, the Philippines (N = 289) and Pakistan (N = 275), indicated their willingness to accept (or not) Covid-19 vaccine donations from two higher-status countries (China and the United States) during the Covid pandemic. Results showed that the perceived motivation of the outgroup nation for providing help was associated with rejection or acceptance of help, mediated by …

Utilizing Mixed Graphical Network Models To Explore Parent Psychological Symptoms And Their Centrality To Parent Mental Health In Households With High Child Screen Usage, Piper F. Stacey, Nicholas C. Jacobson, Damien Lekkas

Computer Science Senior Theses

Especially among adolescents, screens are being used more than ever. In conjunction with this trend, mental illness is increasingly prevalent among both adults and children, and parental psychological problems are shown to be associated with children's TV watching, video watching, and gaming (Pulkki-Råback et al., 2022). This study aims to approach parent mental illness symptom by symptom to explore which specific symptoms are most central to parent psychological problems in households where children show high screen time behaviors. We draw from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), a nationwide sample of 11,875 children aged 10-13 collected by …

Official Bilingualism Or The Need For A Linguistic Unification In Cameroon, Jeff Sterline Ngami Kamagoua

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Cameroon inherited two languages, French and English, from France and United Kingdom administration (1916-1960) and adopted them, within the framework of reunification, as official languages, to achieve social cohesion, unity and national integration. The official bilingualism policy qualified as unequal and largely in favor of French, gave birth to a linguistic and cultural conflict. Indeed, the recognition and maintenance of Anglophone and Francophone communities, in the light of colonialism, as two communities with linguistic, historical, cultural and educational specificities generated over the years, a linguistic juxtaposition. This linguistic juxtaposition is fundamentally characterised by the predominance of official languages in each …

Identifying And Sharing Per-And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Hot-Spot Areas And Exposures In Drinking Water, Sweta Ojha, P. Travis Thompson, Christian D. Powell, Hunter N. B. Moseley, Kelly G. Pennell

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water is widely recognized as a public health concern. Decision-makers who are responsible for managing PFAS drinking water risks lack the tools to acquire the information they need. In response to this need, we provide a detailed description of a Kentucky dataset that allows decision-makers to visualize potential hot-spot areas and evaluate drinking water systems that may be susceptible to PFAS contamination. The dataset includes information extracted from publicly available sources to create five different maps in ArcGIS Online and highlights potential sources of PFAS contamination in the environment in relation …

Organizational Structure And Pricing: Evidence From A Large U.S. Airline, Ali Hortaçsu, Olivia R. Natan, Hayden Parsley, Timothy Schwieg, Kevin R. Williams

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Firms facing complex objectives often decompose the problems they face, delegating different parts of the decision to distinct sub-units. Using comprehen-sive data and internal models from a large U.S. airline, we establish that airline pricing is not well approximated by a model of the firm as a unitary decision-maker. We show that observed prices, however, can be rationalized by account-ing for organizational structure and the decisions by departments that are tasked with supplying inputs to the observed pricing heuristic. Simulating the prices the firm would charge if it were a rational unitary decision-maker results in lower welfare than we estimate …

Demand Estimation With Infrequent Purchases And Small Market Sizes, Ali Hortaçsu, Olivia R. Natan, Hayden Parsley, Timothy Schwieg, Kevin R. Williams

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We propose a demand estimation method that allows for a large number of zero sale observations, rich unobserved heterogeneity, and endogenous prices. We do so by modeling small market sizes through Poisson arrivals. Each of these arriving consumers solves a standard discrete choice problem. We present a Bayesian IV estimation approach that addresses sampling error in product shares and scales well to rich data environments. The data requirements are traditional market-level data as well as a measure of market sizes or consumer arrivals. After presenting simulation studies, we demonstrate the method in an empirical application of air travel demand.