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2022

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Articles 17701 - 17730 of 22575

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

2022-1 The Role Of Non-Pecuniary Considerations: Location Decisions Of College Graduates From Low Income Backgrounds, Yifan Gong, Todd Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner, Yuxi Yao Jan 2022

2022-1 The Role Of Non-Pecuniary Considerations: Location Decisions Of College Graduates From Low Income Backgrounds, Yifan Gong, Todd Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner, Yuxi Yao

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

We examine the initial post-college geographic location decisions of students from hometowns in the Appalachian region that often lack substantial high-skilled job opportunities, focusing on the role of non-pecuniary considerations. Novel survey questions allow us to measure the full non-pecuniary benfits of each relevant geographic location, in dollar equivalents. A new specification test is designed and implemented to provide evidence about the quality of these non-pecuniary measures. Supplementing perceived location choice probabilities and expectations about pecuniary factors with our new non-pecuniary measures allows a new approach for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the importance of pecuniary and non-pecuniary factors for …

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2022-2 A Task-Based Theory Of Occupations With Multidimensional Heterogeneity, Sergio Ocampo Jan 2022

2022-2 A Task-Based Theory Of Occupations With Multidimensional Heterogeneity, Sergio Ocampo

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

I develop an assignment model of occupations with multidimensional heterogeneity in production tasks and worker skills. Tasks are distributed continuously in the skill space, whereas workers have a discrete distribution with a finite number of types. Occupations arise endogenously as bundles of tasks optimally assigned to a type of worker. The model allows us to study how occupations respond to changes in the economic environment, making it useful for analyzing the implications of automation, skill-biased technical change, offshoring, and worker training. Using the model, I characterize how wages, the marginal product of workers, the substitutability between worker types, and the …

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A Neural Signature Of Regularity In Sound Is Reduced In Older Adults, Björn Herrmann, Burkhard Maess, Ingrid S. Johnsrude Jan 2022

A Neural Signature Of Regularity In Sound Is Reduced In Older Adults, Björn Herrmann, Burkhard Maess, Ingrid S. Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Sensitivity to repetitions in sound amplitude and frequency is crucial for sound perception. As with other aspects of sound processing, sensitivity to such patterns may change with age, and may help explain some age-related changes in hearing such as segregating speech from background sound. We recorded magnetoencephalography to characterize differences in the processing of sound patterns between younger and older adults. We presented tone sequences that either contained a pattern (made of a repeated set of tones) or did not contain a pattern. We show that auditory cortex in older, compared to younger, adults is hyperresponsive to sound onsets, but …

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Completing The Puzzle: Why Studies In Non-Human Primates Are Needed To Better Understand The Effects Of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Sebastian J. Lehmann, Brian D. Corneil Jan 2022

Completing The Puzzle: Why Studies In Non-Human Primates Are Needed To Better Understand The Effects Of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Sebastian J. Lehmann, Brian D. Corneil

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Brain stimulation is a core method in neuroscience. Numerous non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are currently in use in basic and clinical research, and recent advances promise the ability to non-invasively access deep brain structures. While encouraging, there is a surprising gap in our understanding of precisely how NIBS perturbs neural activity throughout an interconnected network, and how such perturbed neural activity ultimately links to behaviour. In this review, we will consider why non-human primate (NHP) models of NIBS are ideally situated to address this gap in knowledge, and why the oculomotor network that moves our line of sight offers …

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Learning Words Without Trying: Daily Second Language Podcasts Support Word Form Learning In Adults, Elise Alexander, Stephen C. Van Hedger, Laura Batterink Jan 2022

Learning Words Without Trying: Daily Second Language Podcasts Support Word Form Learning In Adults, Elise Alexander, Stephen C. Van Hedger, Laura Batterink

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Spoken language contains overlapping patterns across different levels, from syllables to words to phrases. The discovery of these structures may be partially supported by statistical learning (SL), the unguided, automatic extraction of regularities from the environment through passive exposure. SL supports word learning in artificial language experiments, but few studies have examined whether it scales up to support natural language learning in adult second language learners. Here, adult English speakers (n = 70) listened to daily podcasts in either Italian or English for two weeks while going about their normal routines. To measure word knowledge, participants provided familiarity ratings of …

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C-Dem Annual Report 2022, Allison Harell, Laura Stephenson Jan 2022

C-Dem Annual Report 2022, Allison Harell, Laura Stephenson

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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Polarization And Campaign Dynamics: C-Dem Forum Presentation, Sarah Lachance, Richard Johnston Jan 2022

Polarization And Campaign Dynamics: C-Dem Forum Presentation, Sarah Lachance, Richard Johnston

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Canadian Provincial Elections During The Covid-19 Pandemic: C-Dem Forum, Jean-Nicolas Bordeleau, Holly Ann Garnett Jan 2022

Canadian Provincial Elections During The Covid-19 Pandemic: C-Dem Forum, Jean-Nicolas Bordeleau, Holly Ann Garnett

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Partisanship And American Nationalism: C-Dem Forum, Leonie Huddy, Alessandro Del Ponte, Jacob Martin, Caitlin Davies Jan 2022

Partisanship And American Nationalism: C-Dem Forum, Leonie Huddy, Alessandro Del Ponte, Jacob Martin, Caitlin Davies

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Ctrl-F: Using Lateral Reading To Bridge The Digital Media Gap: C-Dem Forum Presentation, Ken Boyd Jan 2022

Ctrl-F: Using Lateral Reading To Bridge The Digital Media Gap: C-Dem Forum Presentation, Ken Boyd

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Electoral Democracy In A Post-Pandemic World: Centring The Citizen C-Dem Forum Presentation, Sabreena Delhon Jan 2022

Electoral Democracy In A Post-Pandemic World: Centring The Citizen C-Dem Forum Presentation, Sabreena Delhon

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Pluralism In Canada: Black Canadian Lives Matter? Attitudes On Racial Inequalities In Canada, Ruth Dassonneville, Nadjim Fréchet Jan 2022

Pluralism In Canada: Black Canadian Lives Matter? Attitudes On Racial Inequalities In Canada, Ruth Dassonneville, Nadjim Fréchet

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Covid 19 And The Polarization Of The American Public: C-Dem Forum Presentation, Matthew Lebo, David A. Armstrong Ii, Timothy B. Gravelle, Hannah Verrips Jan 2022

Covid 19 And The Polarization Of The American Public: C-Dem Forum Presentation, Matthew Lebo, David A. Armstrong Ii, Timothy B. Gravelle, Hannah Verrips

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Diversity And Canadian Electoral Democracy: Racial Attitudes And Party Evaluation In Canada 1988 To 2021, Randy Besco, J. Scott Matthews Jan 2022

Diversity And Canadian Electoral Democracy: Racial Attitudes And Party Evaluation In Canada 1988 To 2021, Randy Besco, J. Scott Matthews

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Diversity And Canadian Electoral Democracy: Western Allienation And Gender, Jared Wesley, Lisa Young, Loleen Berdahl, Lauren Hill Jan 2022

Diversity And Canadian Electoral Democracy: Western Allienation And Gender, Jared Wesley, Lisa Young, Loleen Berdahl, Lauren Hill

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Pluralism In Canada: Intergroup Relations And Belonging: Evidence From The Canada Report Of The Global Pluralism Monitor, Daniel Westlake, Caroline Dick, Keith Banting Jan 2022

Pluralism In Canada: Intergroup Relations And Belonging: Evidence From The Canada Report Of The Global Pluralism Monitor, Daniel Westlake, Caroline Dick, Keith Banting

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Diversity And Canadian Electoral Democracy: Racial Discrimination At The Polls? The Case Of Jugmeet Singh, Matthew Polacko, Allison Harell Jan 2022

Diversity And Canadian Electoral Democracy: Racial Discrimination At The Polls? The Case Of Jugmeet Singh, Matthew Polacko, Allison Harell

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Collaborative Research On Elections: Élections Québec, Monica Rosales Jan 2022

Collaborative Research On Elections: Élections Québec, Monica Rosales

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Collaborative Research On Elections: Elections Saskatchewan, Michael Boda Jan 2022

Collaborative Research On Elections: Elections Saskatchewan, Michael Boda

C-Dem Forum 2022

No abstract provided.

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Do Question Topic And Placement Shape Breakoff Rates, Luke Plutowski, Elizabeth Zechmeister Jan 2022

Do Question Topic And Placement Shape Breakoff Rates, Luke Plutowski, Elizabeth Zechmeister

Workshop: Survey Design Under Constraints

No abstract provided.

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How Worried Should We Be? The Implications Of Fabricated Survey Data For Political Science, Oscar Castorena, Mollie Cohen, Noam Lupu, Elizabeth Zechmeister Jan 2022

How Worried Should We Be? The Implications Of Fabricated Survey Data For Political Science, Oscar Castorena, Mollie Cohen, Noam Lupu, Elizabeth Zechmeister

Workshop: Survey Design Under Constraints

No abstract provided.

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2022-1 A Partial Identification Approach To Identifying The Determinants Of Human Capital Accumulation: An Application To Teachers, Nirav Mehta Jan 2022

2022-1 A Partial Identification Approach To Identifying The Determinants Of Human Capital Accumulation: An Application To Teachers, Nirav Mehta

Department of Economics Research Reports

This paper views career growth in teacher quality through the lens of human capital theory to understand the roles of On-the-Job Training (OJT) and Learning-by-Doing (LBD) in human capital formation. If OJT is the primary determinant of human capital, incentive pay policies could create a dynamic multitasking problem, leading teachers to reduce their human capital investments, thereby lowering future student achievement. In contrast, teacher human capital and future achievement would both increase if LBD were the dominant force. To explore this, I develop explicit bounds on components of a human capital production function allowing for both channels, which I estimate …

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2022-2 Robust Contracts In Common Agency, Keler Marku, Sergio Ocampo, Jean-Baptiste Tondji Jan 2022

2022-2 Robust Contracts In Common Agency, Keler Marku, Sergio Ocampo, Jean-Baptiste Tondji

Department of Economics Research Reports

Business activities often involve a common agent managing a variety of projects on behalf of investors with potentially conflicting interests. The extent of the agent’s actions is also often unknown to investors, who have to design contracts that provide incentives to the manager despite this lack of crucial knowledge. We consider a game between several principals and a common agent, where principals know only a subset of the actions available to the agent. Principals demand robustness and evaluate contracts on a worst-case basis. This robust approach allows for a crisp characterization of the equilibrium contracts and payoffs and provides a …

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2022-7 Market Power, Taxation And Product Variety In The Brazilian Automobile Industry, Daniel Chaves Jan 2022

2022-7 Market Power, Taxation And Product Variety In The Brazilian Automobile Industry, Daniel Chaves

Department of Economics Research Reports

This paper empirically assesses the impact of a discontinuous tax schedule on prices, markups and product assortment in the Brazilian automobile industry. To this end, I estimate a structural, equilibrium model of demand and supply for over a hundred different models and engine sizes of automobiles. With the model estimates of price elasticities and marginal costs I quantify how market power impacts the progressivity of the discontinuous tax schedule. I also examine how firms would reposition their products to avoid the tax and quantify the impact of this repositioning on equilibrium outcomes.

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2022-6 Prices, Profits, Proxies, And Production, Victor H. Aguiar, Nail Kashaev, Roy Allen Jan 2022

2022-6 Prices, Profits, Proxies, And Production, Victor H. Aguiar, Nail Kashaev, Roy Allen

Department of Economics Research Reports

This paper studies nonparametric identification and counterfactual bounds for heterogeneous firms that can be ranked in terms of productivity. Our approach works when quantities and prices are latent, rendering standard approaches inapplicable. Instead, we require observation of profits or other optimizing-values such as costs or revenues, and either prices or price proxies of flexibly chosen variables. We extend classical duality results for price-taking firms to a setup with discrete heterogeneity, endogeneity, and limited variation in possibly latent prices. Finally, we show that convergence results for nonparametric estimators may be directly converted to convergence results for production sets.

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2022-5 Estimation Of Parametric Binary Outcome Models With Degenerate Pure Choice-Based Data With Application To Covid-19-Positive Tests From British Columbia, Nail Kashaev Jan 2022

2022-5 Estimation Of Parametric Binary Outcome Models With Degenerate Pure Choice-Based Data With Application To Covid-19-Positive Tests From British Columbia, Nail Kashaev

Department of Economics Research Reports

I propose a generalized method of moments type procedure to estimate parametric binary choice models when the researcher only observes degenerate pure choices-based or presence-only data and has some information about the distribution of the covariates. This auxiliary information comes in the form of moments. I present an application based on the data on all COVID-19-positive tests from British Columbia. Publicly available demographic information on the population in British Columbia allows me to estimate the conditional probability of a person being COVID-19-positively tested conditional on demographics

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2022-4 Identification And Estimation Of Multinomial Choice Models With Latent Special Covariates, Nail Kashaev Jan 2022

2022-4 Identification And Estimation Of Multinomial Choice Models With Latent Special Covariates, Nail Kashaev

Department of Economics Research Reports

Identification of multinomial choice models is often established by using special covariates that have full support. This paper shows how these identification results can be extended to a large class of multinomial choice models when all covariates are bounded. I also provide a new √n-consistent asymptotically normal estimator of the finite-dimensional parameters of the model.

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2022-3 A Random Attention And Utility Model, Nail Kashaev, Victor H. Aguiar Jan 2022

2022-3 A Random Attention And Utility Model, Nail Kashaev, Victor H. Aguiar

Department of Economics Research Reports

We generalize the stochastic revealed preference methodology of McFadden and Richter (1990) for finite choice sets to settings with limited consideration. Our approach is nonparametric and requires partial choice set variation. We impose a monotonicity condition on attention first proposed by Cattaneo et al. (2020) and a stability condition on the marginal distribution of preferences. Our framework is amenable to statistical testing. These new restrictions extend widely known parametric models of consideration with heterogeneous preferences.

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2022-8 Slutsky Matrix Symmetry: A New Behavioral Condition, Victor H. Aguiar, Roberto Serrano Jan 2022

2022-8 Slutsky Matrix Symmetry: A New Behavioral Condition, Victor H. Aguiar, Roberto Serrano

Department of Economics Research Reports

The Slutsky matrix function encodes all the information about local variations in demand with respect to small (Slutsky) compensated price changes. When the demand function is the result of utility maximization the Slutsky matrix is symmetric. However, symmetry does not imply rationality. Here, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for Slutsky symmetry. The new condition requires symmetric attention to compensated price-paths.

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2022-9 A Rationalization Of The Weak Axiom Of Revealed Preference, Victor H. Aguiar, Per Hjertstrand, Roberto Serrano Jan 2022

2022-9 A Rationalization Of The Weak Axiom Of Revealed Preference, Victor H. Aguiar, Per Hjertstrand, Roberto Serrano

Department of Economics Research Reports

Samuelson’s (1938) weak (generalized) axiom of revealed preference– WGARP–is a minimal and appealing consistency condition of choice. We offer a rationalization of WGARP in general settings. Our main result is an exact analog of the celebrated Afriat’s theorem, but for WGARP. Its ordinal rationalization is in terms of an asymmetric and locally nonsatiated preference function. Its cardinal rationalization uses a coalitional multi-utility (CMU) maxmin representation with a coherency restriction on the coalition structure. Effectively, the CMU representation aggregates piecemeal preferences within the decision maker (multiple rationales without preference reversals that allow for transitivity violations). Basic consumer theory and welfare analysis …

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