Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Ambiguous, Affective, And Arduous: Volunteers’ Invisible Work With Young Adults, Jenni Mölkänen, Päivi Honkatukia

Journal of Youth Development

Mentoring has been regarded as a promising way to reach at-risk youth and to strengthen the protective factors. This article focuses on emotions, reflections, and challenges that adult volunteers face in trying to establish and maintain a friend relationship with young adults in a multicomponent mentor setting in Finland. Based on our participatory observations in volunteering, a focus group discussion with volunteers and facilitators of volunteering, and interviews with young adults we analyze the nature of volunteers’ actions as invisible work as characterized by Devault (1999). We argue that invisible work should be recognized as a significant part of volunteering …

After-School Connectedness, Racial–Ethnic Identity, Affirmation, And Problem Behaviors, Danielle A. Augustine, Emilie Smith, Dawn P. Witherspoon

Journal of Youth Development

After-school programs are potential contexts that may promote positive youth development (PYD) and reduce problem behaviors among African American children. One way after-school programs may be associated with reduced problem behaviors is by fostering an affirming sense of identity. Prior research on racial–ethnic identity among African American children and adolescents has shown that a positive and affirming sense of identity is related to less maladaptive coping, yet little is known about how after-school programs may foster an affirming sense of identity and lead to reduced problem behaviors. The current study adds to this discourse by investigating how children’s connection to …

Mind The Gaps: Assessing And Enhancing The Trustworthiness Of Mental Health Apps, Gary Kok Yew Chan

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Mental health apps including artificial intelligence (“AI”)- powered apps and chatbots have raised serious concerns relating to safety, efficacy and privacy. This article assesses their trustworthiness based on lego-regulatory, ethical and technological measures in addressing the abovementioned concerns. Focusing on applications to mental health apps, it examines Singapore laws, regulations and guidelines relating to software-based and AI medical devices, data protection, consumer protection, advertising and medical negligence. Additionally, upon taking into account other non-binding ethical guidelines, certification standards and technological measures targeted at app developers, a few recommendations are offered for enhancing trust in mental health apps.

Shaping New Interregionalism: The Eu-Singapore Free Trade Agreement And Beyond, Pasha L. Hsieh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The article examines the theoretical concept of interregionalism in the context of the evolving framework between the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the EU's first free trade agreement (FTA) with an ASEAN country, the EU-Singapore FTA is a pathfinder agreement that signifies a new phase of interregionalism and the EU's new Asia strategy after the Treaty of Lisbon. The article argues that the innovative designs of the EU-Singapore FTA will shape the normative development of EU-ASEAN relations in the post-pandemic era. It also cautions that a comparative analysis of EU and US agreements …

Resulting And Constructive Trusts In The Contemporary Singaporean Family Context, Man Yip

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The legal rules that emerge in a society are shaped by the conditions of that society. In the area of trusts law, this chapter argues that the English principles of the presumed resulting trust and the common intention constructive trust have been adapted to suit the Singaporean family context. At first sight, given that Singapore law has declined to follow the Stack v Dowden line of developments that have taken place in English law concerning beneficial ownership of family property, it may appear that Singapore trusts law is more conservative and that pre-Stack English law is better preserved on Singapore …

The Field-Building And Grantee Experimentation Role Of Foundations In Impact Investing As Illustrated By A Gender-Lens Investing Case Example, Courtney Bolinson, Laura Allan

The Foundation Review

This article argues for foundations to play two critical roles in the impact investing ecosystem: to commission and/or support research that helps build more equitable and socially just impact investing and to fund grantee-specific experimentation in areas of impact investing and social enterprise that are nascent or developing.

To illustrate what this can look like, this article presents action research conducted on gender-lens investing, describing in detail a 2019 Mastercard Foundation grant to Engineers Without Borders Canada. The project involved two main goals: testing and developing gender-lens investing tools and processes with seed-stage investees during pre- or post-investment phases and …

The Ford Foundation’S Work To Build The Field Of Impact Investing, Margot Brandenburg, Abeda Iqbal

The Foundation Review

Impact investing has grown dramatically over the past 15 years, with foundations playing a critical role through their program-related and, increasingly, mission-related investments. A smaller number, including the Ford Foundation, have dedicated grant and other programmatic resources toward growing the field. Without this funding, the metrics, engagement, policies, and norms needed to underpin capital markets at scale will be slow to materialize.

This article looks back at the long history of aligning financial investments with social values; touches on the Ford Foundation’s pioneering role in the emergence of PRIs as a tool to stretch grantmaking budgets; and details the impact …

An Empirical Study On The Types Of Consumers And Their Preferences For E-Waste Recycling With A Points System, Hua Zhong, Shan Zhou, Zhiyao Zhao, Hao Zhang, Jing Nie, Palizhati Simayi

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Improper disposal of electronical waste (e-waste) causes harm to both public health and the environment, and how to effectively recycle and reduce electronical waste has become a common concern around the world. This study focuses on the design of the points system to encourage consumer participation in e-waste recycling programs. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model, a semi-experimental design method was applied to influence consumer cognition and behavioral intention through information provision in survey design. Two surveys were conducted in two years apart to understand the temporal trend of consumer types and their preferences for the design …

“Why Don’T I Look Like Her?” How Adolescent Girls View Social Media And Its Connection To Body Image, Alana Papageorgiou, Colleen Fisher, Donna Cross

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Adolescent girls appear more vulnerable to experiencing mental health difficulties from social media use than boys. The presence of sexualized images online is thought to contribute, through increasing body dissatisfaction among adolescent girls. Sexual objectification through images may reinforce to adolescent girls that their value is based on their appearance. This study explored how sexualized images typically found on social media might influence adolescent girls’ mental health, in positive and/or negative ways. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with girls aged 14–17 years (n = 24) in Perth, Western Australia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants identified body …

Perspectives Of Choice And Control In Daily Life For People Following Brain Injury: A Qualitative Systematic Review And Meta-Synthesis, Carolyn M. Murray, Scott Weeks, Gisela Van Kessel, Michelle Guerin, Emma Watkins, Shylie Mackintosh, Caroline Fryer, Susan Hillier, Mandy Stanley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Objective: Acquired brain injury (ABI) can result in considerable life changes. Having choice and control over daily life is valued by people following ABI. This meta-synthesis will analyse and integrate international research exploring perspectives of choice and control in daily life following ABI. Methods: Databases were searched from 1980 to 13 January 2022 for eligible qualitative studies. After duplicates were removed, 22,768 studies were screened by title and abstract, and 241 studies received full-text assessment with 56 studies included after pearling. Study characteristics and findings were extracted that related to personal perspectives on choice and control by people …

Back Matter

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Editorial, Teresa R. Behrens

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Using Foundation Capital For Good: Opportunities In The Balance Sheet, John Sherman, Veronica Olazabal

The Foundation Review

Foundations increasingly use their full balance sheets to unlock more of their capital for good. They look beyond conventional grantmaking to pursue their charitable purposes in many ways that exemplify innovative, full-balance sheet approaches: investing in nonprofit and for-profit companies that offer clear social and financial returns; investing their corpus in companies whose products and services align with their missions; using social bonds to inject new resources into their programs; offering guarantees to help grantees manage risk; and avoiding companies whose practices run counter to their grantees’ efforts.

This article looks at the structures, pathways, and tools for foundations wanting …

Executive Summaries

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Identifying Knowledge Spillovers From Universities: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Urban China, Li Jing, Shimeng Liu, Yifan Wu

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper studies the impact of universities on local innovation activity by exploiting a unique university expansion policy in China as a quasi-experiment. We take a geographic approach, empowered by geocoded data on patents and new products at the address level, to identify knowledge spillovers as an important channel. We obtain three main findings. First, university expansion significantly increases universities’ own innovation capacity, which results in a dramatic boom of local industry patents. Second, the impact of university expansion on local innovation activities attenuates sharply within 2 kilometers of the universities. Third, university expansion boosts nearby firms’ new products and …

The Value Of Fiduciary Duties: Evidence From En Bloc Sales In Singapore, Jianfeng Hu, Kelvin F. K. Low, Wei Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines the impact of fiduciary duties on collective asset sales in the case of owners acting as delegates for other owners, thereby potentially inducing conflicts of interests. Our identification strategy exploits a unique legal shock in Singapore, which established fiduciary duties in those transactions in the real estate market known colloquially as en bloc sales. The imposition of fiduciary duties caused the price premium of units sold via en bloc sales to increase over units ineligible for en bloc sale, as well as over units that, although eligible for en bloc sale, are sold individually. In addition, this …

Learning From Manipulable Signals, Mehmet Ekmekci, Leandrro Gorno, Lucas Maestri, Jian Sun, Dong Wei

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We study a dynamic stopping game between a principal and an agent. The agent is privately informed about his type. The principal learns about the agent’s type from a noisy performance measure, which can be manipulated by the agent via a costly and hidden action. We fully characterize the unique Markov equilibrium of this game. We find that terminations/ market crashes are often preceded by a spike in (expected) performance. Our model also predicts that, due to endogenous signal manipulation, too much transparency can inhibit learning. As the players get arbitrarily patient, the principal elicits no useful information from the …

Associations Of The Covid-19 Pandemic With Older Individuals' Healthcare Utilization And Self-Reported Health Status: A Longitudinal Analysis From Singapore, Sangnam Ahn, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh

Research Collection School Of Economics

Background: The COVID–19 pandemic has challenged the capacity of healthcare systems around the world and can potentially compromise healthcare utilization and health outcomes among non-COVID–19 patients. Objectives: To examine the associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with healthcare utilization, out-of-pocket medical costs, and perceived health among middle-aged and older individuals in Singapore. Method: Utilizing data collected from a monthly panel survey, a difference-in-differences approach was used to characterize monthly changes of healthcare use and spending and estimate the probability of being diagnosed with a chronic condition and self-reported health status before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Subjects: Data were …

Ecological Calendars, Food Sovereignty, And Climate Adaptation In Standing Rock, Morgan L. Ruelle, Aubrey Joshua Skye, Evan Collins, Karim-Aly S. Kassam

Sustainability and Social Justice

Indigenous food sovereignty relies on ecological knowledge of plants and animals, including knowledge related to their development and behavior through the seasons. In the context of anthropogenic climate change, ecological calendars based on Indigenous knowledge may enable communities to anticipate seasonal phenomena. We conducted research with communities in the Standing Rock Nation (North and South Dakota, USA) to develop ecological calendars based on their ecological knowledge. We present ecological calendars developed in seven communities through a series of workshops and interviews. These calendars are rich with knowledge about temporal relations within each community's ecosystem, including the use of plants and …

Prenatal Phenotyping Of Fetal Tubulinopathies: A Multicenter Retrospective Case Series, Bobby K Brar, Marisa Gilstrop Thompson, Neeta L Vora, Kelly Gilmore, Karin Blakemore, Kristen A Miller, Jessica Giordano, Andreas Dufke, Beatrix Wong, Samantha Stover, Billie Lianoglou, Ignatia Van Den Veyver, Esther Dempsey, Mara Rosner, Karen Chong, David Chitayat, Teresa N Sparks, Mary E Norton, Ronald Wapner, Kristin Baranano, Angie C Jelin, Fetal Sequencing Consortium

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: Tubulinopathies refer to conditions caused by genetic variants in isotypes of tubulin resulting in defective neuronal migration. Historically, diagnosis was primarily via postnatal imaging. Our objective was to establish the prenatal phenotype/genotype correlations of tubulinopathies identified by fetal imaging.

Methods: A large, multicenter retrospective case series was performed across nine institutions in the Fetal Sequencing Consortium. Demographics, fetal imaging reports, genetic screening and diagnostic testing results, delivery reports, and neonatal imaging reports were extracted for pregnancies with a confirmed molecular diagnosis of a tubulinopathy.

Results: Nineteen pregnancies with a fetal tubulinopathy were identified. The most common prenatal imaging findings …

Germline Genetic And Treatment-Related Risk Factors For Diabetes Mellitus In Survivors Of Childhood Cancer: A Report From The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study And St Jude Lifetime Cohorts, Melissa A Richard, Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, Nisha Rathore, Jessica Baedke, Austin L Brown, Stephen J Chanock, Danielle N Friedman, M Monica Gramatges, Rebecca M Howell, Kala Y Kamdar, Wendy M Leisenring, Lillian R Meacham, Lindsay M Morton, Kevin Oeffinger, Leslie L Robison, Yadav Sapkota, Charles A Sklar, Gregory T Armstrong, Smita Bhatia, Philip J Lupo

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: To characterize germline genetic risk factors of diabetes mellitus among long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods: Adult survivors of childhood cancer from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) Original Cohort (n = 5,083; 383 with diabetes) were used to conduct a discovery genome-wide association study. Replication was performed using the CCSS Expansion (n = 2,588; 40 with diabetes) and the St Jude Lifetime (SJLIFE; n = 3,351; 208 with diabetes) cohorts. Risk prediction models, stratified on exposure to abdominal radiation, were calculated using logistic regression including attained age, sex and body mass index, diagnosis, alkylating chemotherapy, age at cancer …

Phase I Car-T Clinical Trials Review, Shaun Bulsara, Mengfen Wu, Tao Wang

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background/aim: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with tumor specificity are being increasingly investigated. Phase I trials are the first step of testing for safety of novel CAR-T therapy to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Several dose escalation methods have been developed over time including rule-based, model-based, and model-assisted designs. The goal of this project is to overview the phase I designs used in current CAR-T trials.

Materials and methods: We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed literature published between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. The search was limited to human studies in the English language using the keywords …

Effect Of Problem-Solving Treatment On Self-Reported Disability Among Veterans With Gulf War Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Lisa M Mcandrew, Karen S Quigley, Shou-En Lu, David Litke, Joseph F Rath, Gudrun Lange, Susan L Santos, Nicole Anastasides, Beth Ann Petrakis, Lauren Greenberg, Drew A Helmer, Wilfred R Pigeon

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Importance: Few evidence-based treatments are available for Gulf War illness (GWI). Behavioral treatments that target factors known to maintain the disability from GWI, such as problem-solving impairment, may be beneficial. Problem-solving treatment (PST) targets problem-solving impairment and is an evidence-based treatment for other conditions.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of PST to reduce disability, problem-solving impairment, and physical symptoms in GWI.

Design, setting, and participants: This multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in the US Department of Veterans Affairs compared PST with health education in a volunteer sample of 511 Gulf War veterans with GWI and disability (January 1, 2015, to …

The Central Valley Transportation Challenge, Christian Wandeler, Steve Hart

Mineta Transportation Institute

The Central Valley Transportation Challenge provides underserved minority students, who are primarily from rural areas, with high quality transportation-related educational experiences so that they learn about transportation-related topics and opportunities in transportation careers. The CVTC is a project-based learning program that brings university faculty and students to K–12 classrooms in rural areas. The project operated with three main objectives: (1) support K–12 teachers’ understanding and implementation of the CVTC programs; (2) connect K–12 students with university faculty and students, and transportation professionals through the CVTC program; and (3) develop an online hub with transportation-related lesson plans and sequences. The results …

Best Practices In Disaster Public Communications: Evacuation Alerting And Social Media, Frannie Edwards, Kaikai Liu, Amanda Lee Hughes, Jerry Zeyo Gao, Dan Goodrich, Alan Barner, Robert Herrera

Mineta Transportation Institute

This research project examines the current state of the practice for disaster public communication, the distrust of government, the training available to public information officers, and the literature available to guide the design of effective public outreach messaging, especially for rapid on-set events. Growing distrust in government had led to lack of public confidence in public agency messaging during emergencies, yet public agency public information officers are using multiple pathways, including both traditional and social media resources, to try to reach impacted communities effectively. The introduction explains the development of wildfire events in the West and their context. A literature …

Lack Of Consensus Among Healthcare Professionals At A Large Academic Medical Center On The Use Of Exome Sequencing For Prenatal Diagnosis, Kylie Johnson, Hadi Erfani, Mohamad Ali Maktabi, Ignatia Van Den Veyver, Salma Nassef

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Prenatal exome sequencing (ES) is increasingly used for prenatal diagnosis because emerging data indicate it has incremental diagnostic benefit in pregnancies with fetal anomalies without identified genetic abnormalities by karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical community's attitude toward the clinical utility and use of exome sequencing for prenatal diagnosis and to address differences in attitudes and responses by type of practitioner, level of training, and years passed since last full-time training. We analyzed the answers of 109 trainees and professionals in the fields of genetic counseling, laboratory science, and medicine to …

Malnutrition Vaccines For An Imminent Global Food Catastrophe, Peter J Hotez

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Together with climate change, both the geopolitical events in Ukraine and social disruptions in supply chains from the COVID-19 pandemic could produce global food shortages or even mass starvation events. Promising new interventions include vaccines to prevent infectious causes of malnutrition or infections disproportionately causing death among the malnourished.

Incidence Of An Insulin-Requiring Hyperglycemic Syndrome In Sars-Cov-2-Infected Young Individuals: Is It Type 1 Diabetes?, Massimo Pietropaolo, Peter Hotez, Nick Giannoukakis

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Pancreatic ACE2 receptor expression, together with increased prevalence of insulin-requiring hyperglycemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suggested that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pancreatic infection might trigger a β-cell-selective inflammation precipitating autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). We examined T1D incidence in patients with COVID-19 inside a large, global population using a "big data" approach. The incidence in 0-30-year-old patients with confirmed COVID-19 over an ∼15-month period from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was compared with an age-matched population without COVID-19 inside the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network (>80 million deidentified patient electronic medical records globally). …

Responses To Covid-19 Threats: An Evolutionary Psychological Analysis., Stephen M. Colarelli, Tyler J. Mirando, Kyunghee Han, Norman P. Li, Carter Vespi, Katherine A. Klein, Charles P. Fales

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Responses to COVID-19 public health interventions have been lukewarm. For example, only 64% of the US population has received at least two vaccinations. Because most public health interventions require people to behave in ways that are evolutionarily novel, evolutionary psychological theory and research on mismatch theory, the behavioral immune system, and individual differences can help us gain a better understanding of how people respond to public health information. Primary sources of threat information during the pandemic (particularly in early phases) were geographic differences in morbidity and mortality statistics. We argue that people are unlikely to respond to this type of …