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2022

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Economic Disadvantage, Nativity, And Academic Performance And School Punishment Among Latino/A Children, Yolanda Chavez May 2022

Economic Disadvantage, Nativity, And Academic Performance And School Punishment Among Latino/A Children, Yolanda Chavez

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cultural explanations of how familial resource inequality negatively impacts the academic well-being of a Latino/a child saturate the literature. This study examines the relationship between economic disadvantage and academic performance and school punishment through Family Stress Process Theory, providing a contextual analysis of resource instability. The additional myriad of legal and social constraints that parental nativity provides for family members can moderate this relationship. Data was drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal measure of U.S. couples and their children in 20 large U.S. cities. Regression models indicate the relationship between economic disadvantage and academic performance …

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Law Enforcement Policy And Personnel Responses To Terrorism: Do Prior Attacks Predict Current Preparedness?, Bryce Kirk May 2022

Law Enforcement Policy And Personnel Responses To Terrorism: Do Prior Attacks Predict Current Preparedness?, Bryce Kirk

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Terrorism has been on the mind of the American people and politicians alike since the 9/11 attacks over two decades ago. In the years since, there has been a massive shift in law enforcement priorities from community-oriented policing (COP) to homeland security-oriented policing. This was especially evident in the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) shortly after the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon in 2001, which was established to aid law enforcement entities with terrorism preparedness. While prior literature has addressed a variety of factors that have contributed to terrorism preparedness, very little research has …

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Present Limitations And Future Projections: Food Insecurity, Housing Insecurity And Optimism Among College Students, Amber Obermaier May 2022

Present Limitations And Future Projections: Food Insecurity, Housing Insecurity And Optimism Among College Students, Amber Obermaier

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Within the last decade, research has identified wide-ranging disparities in access to basic needs among university students. These differences, such as a lack of adequate food and housing during university, provide a negative environmental experience with potential to limit one’s optimism or hope for the future. This research explores how basic needs insecurity and social vulnerabilities among college students are related to subjective assessments of their prospects for the future. The present study utilizes survey data from a random sample of college students (n=300) enrolled at an urban university in the Midwest region of the United States of America. Logistic …

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Perceived Covid-19 Threat Across The Intersections Of Age, Race/Ethnicity, And Gender, Christina Varghese May 2022

Perceived Covid-19 Threat Across The Intersections Of Age, Race/Ethnicity, And Gender, Christina Varghese

Sociology and Criminology Undergraduate Honors Theses

Studying how perceived threat of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) differs across intersections of age and race/ethnicity as well as age and gender will create a basis for identifying subgroups at greater risk of negative mental health outcomes. I analyzed nationally representative survey data collected in February 2021 from the Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (N=9,069). To measure perceived threat, the respondents were asked whether COVID-19 is considered 0) no threat, minor threat, or 1) major threat for personal and population health. Race/ethnicity, gender, and age categories are used as independent variables. Results from logistic regression models indicate that …

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Unequal Treatment: An Exploration Of Immigrant-Related Factors And Likelihood Of Discrimination In The United States, Sophia Woods May 2022

Unequal Treatment: An Exploration Of Immigrant-Related Factors And Likelihood Of Discrimination In The United States, Sophia Woods

Sociology and Criminology Undergraduate Honors Theses

Despite the rapid and considerable growth of the Latino population in the United States, the continual xenophobic rhetoric surrounding Latino immigration along with the nativist public policies set in place have led to higher rates of discrimination. Latino immigrant discrimination has shown to have consequences on mental health, social isolation, physical health, and trust of law enforcement. Using data from the Pew Research Center, I explored the specific factors associated with Latino immigrants that increase the likelihood of experiencing discrimination in the United States. In line with much of the prior literature, age, ethnic identity, English proficiency, Mexican origin, fear …

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Voluntary Contacts With Police: Do Differences In Perceptions Of Police Still Exist?, Regan Harper May 2022

Voluntary Contacts With Police: Do Differences In Perceptions Of Police Still Exist?, Regan Harper

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Publicized police misconduct and brutality over the past decade have contributed to increased tensions between the police and community. Exposure to these encounters can result in negative perceptions of police and have serious policy implications for funding of police departments. Although prior research has focused on previous contacts with police, little is known about how voluntary contacts with police can shape an individual’s perceptions. Given the recent death of George Floyd and movement to “defund the police,” the current study aims to determine whether there are demographic differences in perceptions of police among those who have experienced prior voluntary contacts …

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A Spatial Analysis Of The Relationship Between Places Of Worship And Criminal Activity In Little Rock, Arkansas, Joseph Charles Williams Iii May 2022

A Spatial Analysis Of The Relationship Between Places Of Worship And Criminal Activity In Little Rock, Arkansas, Joseph Charles Williams Iii

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Research Topic and Gap(s): Previous studies often show negative relationships between religiosity and participation in criminal acts. However, much of the literature revolving around this topic employs a micro-level approach that looks at the religiosity of individuals instead of a macro-level approach that looks at the religiosity of communities. Because this relationship has often been studied from a micro-level perspective, a gap in the literature surrounding macro-level relationships has formed. More specifically, the potential for places of worship to act as buffers against crime has been relatively understudied which furthers the importance of filling this gap in the literature to …

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The Perception Of Tap And Trill In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Lesley Vanessa Rodriguez May 2022

The Perception Of Tap And Trill In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Lesley Vanessa Rodriguez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The Spanish [ɾ] tap and [r] trill are two different phonemes that only contrast in the intervocalic position. In Spanish, the tap and trill contrast can only be found in thirty words, for example in (but) and (dog). Studies, such as Bradley and Willis (2012), demonstrate that, in production, taps and trills are variably neutralized among monolingual Spanish speakers. Neutralization of taps and trills creates an ambiguous signal that could be difficult to decode by heritage Spanish speakers. In fact, previous studies found that heritage speakers, such as monolingual Spanish speakers, neutralize these phonemes (Amengual, 2016). The purpose of this …

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Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Fluoxetine Exposure On Autophagy Induction And Phosphorylated Tau In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex Of Male Mice, Minerva Rodriguez May 2022

Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Fluoxetine Exposure On Autophagy Induction And Phosphorylated Tau In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex Of Male Mice, Minerva Rodriguez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Fluoxetine (FLX) represents the antidepressant of choice for the management of pediatric mood-related illnesses. Accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that ontogenic FLX exposure leads to deregulated affect-related phenotypes in adulthood. Mood-related symptomatology constitutes a risk-factor for various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), making it possible for juvenile FLX history to exacerbate the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Because AD is characterized by the pathological accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau - which can result from impaired function of protein degradation pathways, such as autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), this thesis evaluated the potential long-term effects of adolescent FLX exposure on these pathways, …

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Family Disruptions And Maternal Health In Covid Times, Donna Maldonado May 2022

Family Disruptions And Maternal Health In Covid Times, Donna Maldonado

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

AbstractPrenatal and postpartum women of the border region of El Paso-Ciudad Juarez have been experiencing multiple forms of family disruption due to the twenty-month border closure in an attempt to contain the COVID pandemic, partners having to find jobs far away from home because of economic concerns, and fear of familial disruption due to the threat of deportation of partners or family members. The purpose of the study is to explore the perceived effects of these types of family disruptions and how they are shaping maternal health in COVID times. This project included the analysis of fifteen interviews with pregnant …

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Del Arbolito Una Cuadra Al Lago (One Block Away From The Little Tree), Tania Romero May 2022

Del Arbolito Una Cuadra Al Lago (One Block Away From The Little Tree), Tania Romero

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Del Arbolito Una Cuadra Al Lago (One Block Away From The Little Tree) is a an autoethnographic collection of bilingual/Spanglish short fiction, documentary prose, photography archive, and flash fiction. The work is rooted in my own Central American immigrant experience living in the United States and incorporates a variety of self-exploratory themes including the remnants of post-memory and transgenerational trauma, fractured cultural identity formation, geographical displacement, and the complexities of ideological ambiguities that result from crossing borders. The first half of the collection (Part I and II) is an immigration travelogue complimented with archival family photographs that trace fleeting childhood …

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Social Work Allyship: Exploring White And Bipoc Perspectives At Predominately White Institutions Within The Southeastern Conference, Aubrey Franke May 2022

Social Work Allyship: Exploring White And Bipoc Perspectives At Predominately White Institutions Within The Southeastern Conference, Aubrey Franke

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the experiences of allyship through the perspectives of White and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) social work students at primarily White universities within the Southeastern Conference. The study includes 10 semi-structured interviews with Bachelor and Master’s level social work students. The findings from this study present necessary characteristics and qualities for effective social work allyship. Interestingly, BIPOC students emphasize the importance of informed action, while White students share relational qualities such as empathy and willingness to learn. The findings also show that some BIPOC students experience performative allyship from White social work students. BIPOC participants …

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Twitter Posts, Gist, And The Perceived Harmfulness Of The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Candice Fawn Coffman May 2022

Twitter Posts, Gist, And The Perceived Harmfulness Of The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Candice Fawn Coffman

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Individuals frequently encounter two types of information when evaluating the risk of a vaccination: statistical evidence describing the frequency of positive and negative outcomes, and anecdotal evidence describing positive and negative personal experiences. The present study evaluated the relative importance of both types of evidence when considered simultaneously. We predicted that the presentation of even one negative anecdote would have an effect on the key risk information (the â??gistâ??) that subjects extracted from the statistical and anecdotal data. Self-generated twitter posts (tweets) and standard measures of perceived risk were used to test the latter prediction. The current findings partially supported …

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Sex And Age Differences In Approach Behavior Toward A Port That Delivers Nicotine Vapor, Veronika Evangelina Espinoza May 2022

Sex And Age Differences In Approach Behavior Toward A Port That Delivers Nicotine Vapor, Veronika Evangelina Espinoza

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The goal of our laboratory is to study the mechanisms that promote nicotine use, particularly in vulnerable populations such as adolescents and females. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to characterize age and sex differences in the motivational/rewarding effects of nicotine (Aim 1) and withdrawal behavior (Aim 2). To more closely model human use patterns, the present study employed nicotine vapor methods involving passive exposure for 14 days in adolescent and adult female and male rats. Age and sex differences in approach behavior (nosepokes) were assessed in a port that delivered nicotine plumes on Day 1 and 14. Controls …

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Language Dependent Effects Of Nostalgia, Via Mental Transportation, Among Bilinguals, Nicholas Daniel Evans May 2022

Language Dependent Effects Of Nostalgia, Via Mental Transportation, Among Bilinguals, Nicholas Daniel Evans

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

People more easily recall autobiographical memories with greater mental imagery when recalling them in their dominant language and when the language of recall matches the language of encoding. Nostalgia, an emotional experience borne out of autobiographical recall and facilitated through mental imagery, may also be influenced by the language in which nostalgic memories are both encoded and recalled. This project tested how the language of encoding and recall of nostalgic memories in people's dominant (vs. non-dominant) language influences the degree to which people mentally transport to nostalgic events and consequently experience meaning in life and self-continuity. Study 1 (N = …

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The Protective Influence Of Mindfulness Facets On The Relationship Between Negative Core Beliefs And Social Media Addiction Among Latinx College Students, Mariany Gainza Perez May 2022

The Protective Influence Of Mindfulness Facets On The Relationship Between Negative Core Beliefs And Social Media Addiction Among Latinx College Students, Mariany Gainza Perez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Social media use has continued to rise over the last decade. This behavioral addiction shares essential components with substance addictions (e.g., mood modification, withdrawal). Dysfunctional core beliefs have recently been investigated in relation to Internet addiction and problematic Facebook use, but not with social media addiction specifically. Similarly, mindfulness-based interventions have been developed for various types of technology-related behavioral addictions, yet the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and social media addiction remains unexplored. This study investigated the relationships between these constructs among Latinx undergraduates within the context of social cognitive theory. Participants (n=386; 80.3% female) completed an online survey that assessed …

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Zapatista Maya Literacies And Decolonial Civic Pedagogies, Juan Moisés García-Rentería May 2022

Zapatista Maya Literacies And Decolonial Civic Pedagogies, Juan Moisés García-Rentería

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Zapatista Maya Literacies and Decolonial Civic Pedagogies evaluates an educational outreach project led by an Indigenous grass roots mobilization in the high plateau of central México, the Zapatista movement. Using retrospective narrative inquiry and theoretically informed perspectives, this dissertation shows that the program of the Zapatista escuelita, Spanish for “little school,” is rooted in the Maya educational paradigm of nojptesel-p’ijubtasel, a cultural and political process of socialization at the heart of contemporary Maya peasant families. The research focus of this study offers rhetoric, composition, and literacy studies two interrelated points of insight tied to the overall Maya conception of the …

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Self-Determination Theory And Attachment Theory: An Integrative Model To Predict Drinking Motives And Protective Behavioral Strategies In Emerging Adults, Claudia Iliana Lopez May 2022

Self-Determination Theory And Attachment Theory: An Integrative Model To Predict Drinking Motives And Protective Behavioral Strategies In Emerging Adults, Claudia Iliana Lopez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The integration of attachment theory and self-determination theory can be used to develop a statistical model to understand the association between attachment styles and basic psychological needs with drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies among emerging adults. Data collected from Prolific and UTEP (N = 437) was used in the present study to explore this possibility by examining the association between the variables of interest using linear regressions, SEM models, and moderated mediation models. Linear regressions demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between attachment styles, basic psychological needs, drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies. Although the complete and deconstructed SEM models …

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Establishing The Construct And Concurrent Validity Of Psychological Cumulative Stress And The Moderating Effect Of Protective Factors To Drinking Outcomes, Carlos Portillo May 2022

Establishing The Construct And Concurrent Validity Of Psychological Cumulative Stress And The Moderating Effect Of Protective Factors To Drinking Outcomes, Carlos Portillo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Previous studies have examined the associations between types of psychological stress and alcohol consumption but have not adequately examined psychological stress from a cumulative perspective. The present study sought to examine if self-report measures representing chronic stress, acute stress, life events, traumatic life events, and daily hassles throughout one’s lifetime were associated with drinking outcomes obtained from an online sample of at-risk drinkers reporting drinking patterns in the previous 90 days. Furthermore, the present study sought to examine if an index of protective factors moderate the effects of psychological stress on drinking outcomes. It was hypothesized that (1) the measures …

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The Experience Of Immigration And Aging On The Health Of Older Adults In The El Paso, Texas, Border Region, Sonia Lizet Ramos May 2022

The Experience Of Immigration And Aging On The Health Of Older Adults In The El Paso, Texas, Border Region, Sonia Lizet Ramos

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Healthcare access continues to be a problem for immigrant populations in the United States, especially for Latino immigrants at the US-Mexico border. There is limited social research examining the experience of access to health care of older adult Latino immigrants during their life course in the U.S. In U.S.-Mexico border communities, documented and undocumented residents face unique experiences when accessing health care. This thesis focuses on understanding the intersectionality of the immigration process and health care access of older adult Latino immigrants on the U.S.- Mexico. Using qualitative data collected from participants living in the County of El Paso, Texas, …

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The Shaping Of Ethnic Mexican Identity In The Segregated Schools Of Presidio, County, Texas, 1867-1947, Aurelio Saldana May 2022

The Shaping Of Ethnic Mexican Identity In The Segregated Schools Of Presidio, County, Texas, 1867-1947, Aurelio Saldana

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The work conducts a sociological analysis of the historical record documenting segregated school settings in a rural area from 1867 to 1947 using socialization theory. The sociological theory of schemas will provide a lens from the Americanization process students in the U.S., specifically ethnic Mexican students, underwent to shape "American" identity. The analysis ventures into the intersectionality created by the social constructs of gender, sex, race, and class and how these factors combined as part of the Americanized socialization of ethnic Mexican students. Gender inequality, or patriarchy, was a leading factor in shaping the contested U.S.-Mexico borderlands and U.S. society. …

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Reducing Children's Exposure To Traffic-Related Pollution: Evaluating Policies And Strategies Used By Texas School Districts, Laura Schwanke May 2022

Reducing Children's Exposure To Traffic-Related Pollution: Evaluating Policies And Strategies Used By Texas School Districts, Laura Schwanke

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Children are most vulnerable to the effects of traffic-related air pollution because of their developing respiratory systems, amount of time spent outdoors, and faster rates of breathing. As one of the largest states in the U.S. in terms of both total population and number of children, Texas is a particularly important place for studying policies and strategies used by school districts to reduce childrenâ??s exposure to vehicular pollution. No previous study had examined how public school districts in Texas are attempting to mitigate the effects of traffic-related air pollution on childrenâ??s health. This thesis sought to address this knowledge gap …

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So I Was, 'Like', Totally Buggin’ – Evidence For The Role Of Attention On Entrainment From Discourse Particles, Rachel L. Williams May 2022

So I Was, 'Like', Totally Buggin’ – Evidence For The Role Of Attention On Entrainment From Discourse Particles, Rachel L. Williams

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this study, we investigated the role of attention for entrainment during production and comprehension using the discourse particle like. We tested two main hypotheses – that entrainment to discourse particles, even if relatively implicit, requires some attentional resources, versus that it requires little (if any) attention. In two experiments, participants read a short story and retold it (baseline retelling phase), then read another short story and listened to a recording of it (priming phase), and then read and retold a third story (target retelling phase). In Experiment 1, half of the participants simultaneously navigated a busy pedestrian zone in …

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The Ideal Mentor: A Qualitative Study On Underrepresented Students' Perspectives On Mentoring Relationships In Engineering, Sergio Armendariz May 2022

The Ideal Mentor: A Qualitative Study On Underrepresented Students' Perspectives On Mentoring Relationships In Engineering, Sergio Armendariz

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Engineering stands as one of the disciplines with the highest rates of student attrition, which is exacerbated by the misrepresentation of women and racial/ethnic minorities (Roy 2019). As a response, multiple universities have launched successful initiatives to recruit women and racial/ethnic minorities into engineering degrees, but have continued to fail in retaining that same student demographic. Mentoring relationships have been regarded as an efficient strategy to mitigate the rates of attrition in engineering degrees (Wilson et al. 2012). However, mentorship in engineering is likewise lacking in diversity, and positive outcomes of mentorship are not universal. Nonetheless, successful mentoring relationships do …

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The Gambler's Edge - A Theoretical Framework To Trading Securities, Matthew Haines May 2022

The Gambler's Edge - A Theoretical Framework To Trading Securities, Matthew Haines

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Like gamblers, retail investors seeking excess returns in financial markets are prone to miscalculation and their models are often misspeciffied. Forecasting asset prices is extremely difficult in the long run and nearly infeasible in the short run. Additionally, retail investors are likely to be at a disadvantage both technologically and informationally—rarely will they be ahead of the curve. With these disadvantages and the difficulty of predicting future outcomes, retail investors may come to view prices as unpredictable and random in nature, like a roll of the dice. This theoretical research explores a possible investing methodology (derived from gambling principles) should …

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Voces: Experiences Of Undocumented Latines, José Manuel González Vera May 2022

Voces: Experiences Of Undocumented Latines, José Manuel González Vera

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to learn about the challenges that this community faced before the pandemic and how they coped through those challenges. To answer this question, I examined transcripts from group interviews collected in the state of Texas. In total, there were 67 participants, many of whom were undocumented (n = 49) while the others had a relative or friend who was undocumented. Data were analyzed by looking for common patterns and themes in the transcripts, and guided by Critical Race Theory, Latine Critical Theory, and Undocumented Critical Theory. Results suggest that psychological distress is common …

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Changes In Voting Behavior Along Partisan Lines Due To Extreme Weather Events Linked To Climate Change, Daniel Brinkerhoff May 2022

Changes In Voting Behavior Along Partisan Lines Due To Extreme Weather Events Linked To Climate Change, Daniel Brinkerhoff

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper investigates the relationship between extreme weather events linked to climate change and partisan voting behavior. Looking at House of Representative and Senate elections in the US between 2000-2018 and comparing them to extreme damages from droughts, flooding, tropical cyclones, and fire. Ultimately, we do not find a stable relationship between weather damages and partisan voting behavior.

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Cultivating Agrobiodiversity In The U.S.: Barriers And Bridges At Multiple Scales, Kaitlyn A. Spangler May 2022

Cultivating Agrobiodiversity In The U.S.: Barriers And Bridges At Multiple Scales, Kaitlyn A. Spangler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The diversity of crops grown in the United States (U.S.) is declining, causing agricultural landscapes to become more and more simplified. This trend is concerning for the loss of important plant, insect, and animal species, as well as the pollution and degradation of our environment. Through three separate but related studies, this dissertation addresses the need to increase the diversity of these agricultural landscapes in the U.S., particularly through diversifying the type and number of crops grown. The first study uses multiple, openly accessible datasets related to agricultural land use and policies to document and visualize change over recent decades. …

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Punishment And Choice, Rafaela M. Fontes May 2022

Punishment And Choice, Rafaela M. Fontes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Punishment is defined as a consequence that decreases the frequency of behavior that produces it and is an important behavior regulation mechanism for learning to stop engaging in maladaptive behavior. Punishment has implications for behavioral disorders and treatments and plays an important role in both programmed and natural contingencies. Despite the clear relevance of punishment for behavioral regulation, little is known about how punishment works. Furthermore, punishment research has been in evident decline, leaving important empirical and theoretical gaps in the literature. Therefore, the overall goal of the present set of studies is to fill in some of these gaps. …

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An Electroencephalographic Analysis Of Strategy Usage During Social Dilemmas, Nick Wan May 2022

An Electroencephalographic Analysis Of Strategy Usage During Social Dilemmas, Nick Wan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The neuroscience of strategy usage during social dilemmas is said to require Theory of Mind (ToM). The process of ToM takes into consideration the actions of another person, so implications with strategies like tit-for-tat (TFT) or win-stay-lose-switch (WSLS) are logical. However, using either TFT or WSLS does not require ToM since these strategies are based on the previous opponent choice. Thus using a quantifiable strategy like TFT or WSLS during a social dilemma game may not necessarily incur activation of ToM. To investigate whether this is possible, 31 participants participated in the Prisoner’s Dilemma while being recorded via electroencephalography (EEG). …

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