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2020

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Articles 21841 - 21870 of 23488

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Global Investor-Director Survey On Climate Risk Management, Jens Frankenreiter, Kristin Bresnahan, Sophie L'Helias, Brea Hinricks, Nina Hodzic, Julian Nyarko, Sneha Pandya, Eric Talley Jan 2020

Global Investor-Director Survey On Climate Risk Management, Jens Frankenreiter, Kristin Bresnahan, Sophie L'Helias, Brea Hinricks, Nina Hodzic, Julian Nyarko, Sneha Pandya, Eric Talley

Scholarship@WashULaw

Changes in the global climate are having profound impacts on business operations, governance, and organizational management around the world. Boards of directors are searching for ways to account for these changes as they help guide their organizations, and investors are increasingly concerned about how these changes might impact their portfolios. This global survey, conducted by a team of researchers at the Ira M. Millstein Center for Global Markets and Corporate Ownership at Columbia Law School and experts at LeaderXXchange, seeks to understand how — if at all — institutional investors and board directors incorporate climate-related issues in their investment decision …

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Copyright And Economic Viability: Evidence From The Music Industry, James Hicks, Kristelia García, Justin Mccrary Jan 2020

Copyright And Economic Viability: Evidence From The Music Industry, James Hicks, Kristelia García, Justin Mccrary

Scholarship@WashULaw

Copyright provides a long term of legal excludability, ostensibly to encourage the production of new creative works. How long this term should last, and the extent to which current law aligns with the economic incentives of copyright owners, has been the subject of vigorous theoretical debate. We investigate the economic viability of content in a major creative industry—commercial music—using a novel longitudinal dataset of weekly sales and streaming counts. We find that the typical sound recording has an extremely short commercial half-life—on the order of months, rather than years or decades—but also see evidence that subscription streaming services extend the …

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There’S An App For That? Ethical Consumption In The Fight Against Trafficking For Labour Exploitation, Stephanie A. Limoncelli Jan 2020

There’S An App For That? Ethical Consumption In The Fight Against Trafficking For Labour Exploitation, Stephanie A. Limoncelli

Sociology Faculty Works

Among the market-based strategies being used to fight trafficking for labour exploitation are apps aimed at encouraging ethical consumption. Such apps have surfaced in tandem with the increased involvement of businesses in anti-trafficking efforts and the promotion of social entrepreneurism. In this article, I describe and critically analyse three apps aimed at individual consumers, arguing that they do little to actually address labour exploitation. They rest on questionable assumptions about consumption, employ problematic assessment methodologies, and rely on business models that do more to provide opportunities for social entrepreneurs in the burgeoning anti-trafficking field than solutions for labour exploitation in …

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Corporate Social Responsibility And Investment Efficiency: Evidence From An Emerging Asian Market, Ming-Te Lee Jan 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility And Investment Efficiency: Evidence From An Emerging Asian Market, Ming-Te Lee

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The purpose of this paper is to test opposing views of the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and investment efficiency in a major Asian emerging stock market. The empirical results show that CSR significantly mitigates investment inefficiency among Taiwanese firms. This finding is consistent with the notion that socially responsible Taiwanese firms have fewer agency problems and lower information asymmetry, thus reducing investment inefficiency. The empirical results also show that CSR has a more pronounced effect in mitigating investment inefficiency for Taiwanese firms with more effective corporate governance. In particular, due to the mandatory preparation of CSR reporting, CSR …

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Corporate Social Responsibility And Earnings Management: Evidence From Controversial And Non-Controversial Sectors In Asia, Eugene Burgos Mutuc, Jen-Sin Lee, Fu-Sheng Tsai Jan 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility And Earnings Management: Evidence From Controversial And Non-Controversial Sectors In Asia, Eugene Burgos Mutuc, Jen-Sin Lee, Fu-Sheng Tsai

DLSU Business & Economics Review

In this study, we investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on earnings management through discretionary accruals and real-activities decisions, in light of the increasing attention and engagement of firms from different sectors. This study contemplates on non-financial Asian firms from controversial and non-controversial sectors with 889 and 3,017 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2017. The findings reveal that Asian firms likely use a mix of accrual-based earnings management (AEM) and real-activities earnings management (REM) as a strategy to manipulate reported earnings. In terms of sector classifications, managers from controversial sectors exhibit higher opportunistic behavior than managers from non-controversial …

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The Effects Of External Stakeholder Pressure On Csr Disclosure: Evidence From Indonesia, Anisa Ramadhini Trianaputri, Desi Adhariani, Chaerul D. Djakman Jan 2020

The Effects Of External Stakeholder Pressure On Csr Disclosure: Evidence From Indonesia, Anisa Ramadhini Trianaputri, Desi Adhariani, Chaerul D. Djakman

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study examines the effect of external stakeholder pressure on the extent of social and environmental disclosure or corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. Several studies have examined the impact of internal stakeholder pressure (e.g., ownership or board of directors’ structure) and corporate characteristics on CSR disclosure, but there has been little attention focused on the role of external stakeholders. Therefore, this research seeks to examine the influence on the extent of CSR disclosure by four external stakeholder groups: customer, creditor, auditor, and media. A total of 327 annual reports produced by 109 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange …

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On Extreme Perception Bias, Emerico Habacon Aguilar, Klarizze Martin Puzon, Imelda Revilla Molina Jan 2020

On Extreme Perception Bias, Emerico Habacon Aguilar, Klarizze Martin Puzon, Imelda Revilla Molina

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This note investigates perception bias: To what extent do individual opinions confound reality? We estimated the relative gap between self-declared estimates and real data. With a sample of respondents from Laguna, Philippines, we asked about the prevalence of diabetes and smartphone usage. We observed a trend of judgment miscalibration. Responses exhibit significant deviation from facts; for example, inaccuracies can go as high as seven times the real value. Especially for estimates on smartphone ownership, bootstrapped quantile regression models showed that perception bias is associated with age.

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Japanese And Filipino College Students As Consumers: Does Country Of Origin Affect Their Purchase Intent?, Luz Suplico Jeong, Reynaldo Bautista Jr., Takanori Osaki Jan 2020

Japanese And Filipino College Students As Consumers: Does Country Of Origin Affect Their Purchase Intent?, Luz Suplico Jeong, Reynaldo Bautista Jr., Takanori Osaki

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The marketing literature shows that consumers evaluate and buy products based on the country of origin. The impact of the country of origin (COO) on consumers, especially college students who influence demand in global markets, is becoming increasingly important due to advances in information technology. There are studies that show that COO can directly affect purchase intent without mediator variables. However, this study shows that COO does not have a direct effect on purchase intent. COO can only affect the purchase intent of Japanese and Filipino consumers if perceived product quality is used as a mediator variable. In the case …

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An Exploration Of The Criminal Thinking Processes In Criminal Offenders, Mark V. Lemieux Jan 2020

An Exploration Of The Criminal Thinking Processes In Criminal Offenders, Mark V. Lemieux

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study sought to learn about Criminal Thinking patterns of thought in former criminal offenders. The discovery of this information is important to several fields in the formulation of treatment programs toward the elimination of criminal behavior. This research is based on the theory formulated by Yochelson and Samenow, and expanded on by Walters, that holds that Criminal Thinking patterns develop along a continuum and can lead to criminal behavior in some. Specifically, this study sought to learn whether criminal offenders were aware of their Criminal Thinking patterns and if that awareness impacted their criminal behavior. This qualitative phenomenological study …

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Taming The Prince: Bringing Presidential Emergency Powers Under Law In Colombia, Andrea Scoseria Katz Jan 2020

Taming The Prince: Bringing Presidential Emergency Powers Under Law In Colombia, Andrea Scoseria Katz

Scholarship@WashULaw

Can courts check presidential power exercised in a crisis — and should they? The case of Colombia, which recently turned on its head a history of presidential overreach and judicial rubber-stamping, provides an answer in the affirmative. As in much of Latin America, throughout Colombia’s post-independence history, bloodshed fueled authoritarian tendencies, with presidents exploiting the need for “order” to centralize power. One critical weapon in the presidential toolkit was the power to declare a state of emergency. During the twentieth century, these decrees became a routine pretext for the President to govern unilaterally, acquiesced to by the legislature and rarely …

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Earth Mothers, Soy Boys, And Cool Dudes: Practicing Law While Protecting The Environment, Elizabeth J. Hubertz Jan 2020

Earth Mothers, Soy Boys, And Cool Dudes: Practicing Law While Protecting The Environment, Elizabeth J. Hubertz

Scholarship@WashULaw

As a public-interest environmental lawyer, this author explores gender in the legal profession. Specifically, gender in environmental law. Through a recognition of the gendered dimensions of environmental law, this Article explores the nature-culture binary, the relationship of meat to masculinity, and perceptions of the risks and threats of climate change.

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Smart Contracts And The Illusion Of Automated Enforcement, Danielle D'Onfro Jan 2020

Smart Contracts And The Illusion Of Automated Enforcement, Danielle D'Onfro

Scholarship@WashULaw

This symposium essay explores the barriers to deploying smart contracts in the consumer finance space: the humans themselves, existing consumer protection laws, and the other businesses who have financial contracts with consumers but that cannot deploy smart contracts. These three barriers render perfectly automated enforcement all but impossible. Nevertheless, there may be room for modifiable smart contracts in the consumer financial space although these contracts may be only marginally more efficient than traditional contracts.

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Police Violence And The African-American Procedural Habitus, Trevor George Gardner Jan 2020

Police Violence And The African-American Procedural Habitus, Trevor George Gardner

Scholarship@WashULaw

How should an African American respond to a race-based police stop? What approach, disposition, or tactic will minimize his risk within the context of the police stop of being subject to police violence? This Essay advances a conversation among criminal procedural theorists about citizen agency within the field of police-administered criminal procedure, highlighting “The Talk” that parents have with their African American children regarding how to respond to police seizure. It argues that the most prominent version of The Talk—the one in which parents call for absolute deference to police authority in the event of a police stop—may be as …

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Accountability, Eugenics, And Reproductive Justice, Susan Frelich Appleton Jan 2020

Accountability, Eugenics, And Reproductive Justice, Susan Frelich Appleton

Scholarship@WashULaw

This analysis contributes to an online symposium on Dov Fox’s book BIRTH RIGHTS AND WRONGS: HOW MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY ARE CHANGING REPRODUCTION AND THE LAW. Using eugenics and reproductive justice as points of departure, this review highlights both strengths and weaknesses in Fox’s approach.

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What Would Mlk Do?: A Civil Rights Model Of “Good Citizenship” In Criminal Procedure, Trevor George Gardner Jan 2020

What Would Mlk Do?: A Civil Rights Model Of “Good Citizenship” In Criminal Procedure, Trevor George Gardner

Scholarship@WashULaw

Good citizenship and eager participation in police investigations would seem to fit hand-in-glove. The good citizen helps to enforce the criminal law, particularly if the physical safety of the citizenry is thought to be at risk. But as Bennett Capers argues in his essay, Criminal Procedure and the Good Citizen, this version of the good citizen—crafted and propagated by our nation’s highest court—falls into direct tension with the activist principles animating the Civil Rights Movement. For instance, Martin Luther King, Jr., insisted that the citizen not suffer from a cultural condition Capers describes as “too much respect for majoritarian …

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Estate Planning With Shaq And Strom: Teaching Post-Mortem Intimacy Audits, Adrienne D. Davis Jan 2020

Estate Planning With Shaq And Strom: Teaching Post-Mortem Intimacy Audits, Adrienne D. Davis

Scholarship@WashULaw

This Article highlights the importance of using both popular culture references and fictional show characters as mediums for teaching courses on Trusts and Estates. Utilizing post-mortem intimacy audits, specifically through pop culture pedagogical hypotheticals and case studies, Professor Davis highlights the importance of understanding doctrines within Trusts and Estates Law. Focusing on the examples of Shaquille O’Neal and Strom Thurmond, this Article highlights three important lessons for students: the fragility of estate planning, the effects of individual estate planning on groups’ broader wealth and political equality, and the role of private law in distributing legal rights and political equality.

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The Defender General, Daniel Epps, William Ortman Jan 2020

The Defender General, Daniel Epps, William Ortman

Scholarship@WashULaw

The United States needs a Defender General—a public official charged with representing the collective interests of criminal defendants before the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court is effectively our nation’s chief regulator of criminal justice. But in the battle to influence the Court’s rulemaking, government interests have substantial structural advantages. As compared to counsel for defendants, government lawyers—and particularly those from the U.S. Solicitor General’s office—tend to be more experienced advocates who have more credibility with the Court. Most importantly, government lawyers can act strategically to play for bigger long-term victories, while defense lawyers must zealously advocate …

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Perfecting Issue Preservation, Daniel Epps Jan 2020

Perfecting Issue Preservation, Daniel Epps

Scholarship@WashULaw

In his article, “Does It Matter Who Objects? Rethinking the Burden to Prevent Errors in Criminal Process,” Darryl Brown challenges the venerable rule that a defendant must preserve objections to erroneous rulings at trial in order to perfect them for later appeal. Brown ably convinced me that conventional wisdom about who should bear the burden of bringing errors to a court’s attention is woefully under-theorized. In particular, Brown’s move to analyze adjudicative error from the perspective of accident prevention in other legal contexts is both clever and generative of insights. Moreover, Brown made a persuasive case that normative judgments about …

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The Right Approach To Harmless Error, Daniel Epps Jan 2020

The Right Approach To Harmless Error, Daniel Epps

Scholarship@WashULaw

My article “Harmless Errors and Substantial Rights” challenged conventional wisdom about the harmless constitutional error doctrine in criminal procedure. Specifically, I contended that the traditional way of understanding harmless error as a remedial doctrine rooted in so-called “constitutional common law” created significant anomalies. Instead, harmless constitutional error doctrine can only be understood as part of the definition and judicial enforcement of constitutional rights.

Few legal scholars have thought as deeply about the mysteries of harmless error as Professor John M. Greabe, and he is well equipped to give the remedial perspective the best possible defense. Nonetheless, despite Professor Greabe’s able …

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Beyond Unreasonable, John D. Inazu Jan 2020

Beyond Unreasonable, John D. Inazu

Scholarship@WashULaw

The concept of “reasonableness” permeates the law: the “reasonable person” determines the outcome of torts and contracts disputes, the criminal burden of proof requires factfinders to reach conclusions “beyond a reasonable doubt,” and claims of self-defense succeed or fail on reasonableness determinations. But as any first-year law student can attest, the line between reasonable and unreasonable is not always clear. Nor is that the only ambiguity. In the realm of the unreasonable, many of us intuit that some actions are not only unreasonable but beyond the pale—we might say they are beyond unreasonable. Playing football, summiting Nanga Parbat, and attempting …

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Taking Stock Of The Religion Clauses, John D. Inazu Jan 2020

Taking Stock Of The Religion Clauses, John D. Inazu

Scholarship@WashULaw

After a few decades of relative quiet, the Supreme Court has in recent years focused once again on the religion clauses and related statutes.

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Virtual Access: A New Framework For Disability And Human Flourishing In An Online World, John D. Inazu, Johanna Smith Jan 2020

Virtual Access: A New Framework For Disability And Human Flourishing In An Online World, John D. Inazu, Johanna Smith

Scholarship@WashULaw

While many commentators have noted the wealth and class disparities that emerge from the digital divide, disability adds another important lens through which to consider questions of access and equity. Online accessibility for disabled people has fallen prey to the same assumptions and impediments that led to the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) addressing disability access in the offline world. Addressing these shortcomings requires a significant conceptual shift in our understanding of “access,” even among disabled people. Offline, the sidewalk or doorway hindered access to those who needed assistance walking or moving. Today’s virtual sidewalks and doorways complicate access in …

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Social Grants Transfer Program: The Role Of Policy Actors In Policy Implementation, David Quist Jan 2020

Social Grants Transfer Program: The Role Of Policy Actors In Policy Implementation, David Quist

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The scholarly literature lacks the knowledge to support the view that policy actor activities in policy streams were not limited to the 3 initial stages of the policy cycle. Finding evidence through a study to either back or refute this view among scholars was important to explain how policy implementation effort works to yield results. Thus, the purpose of this general qualitative and policy implementation research was to generate additional knowledge about the role of policy actors in policy implementation. The 5-stream framework theoretical lens for this study suggested that the policymaking process involved 5 streams with active policy actors …

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Efficient Child Care Subsidies, Christine Ho, Nicola Pavoni Jan 2020

Efficient Child Care Subsidies, Christine Ho, Nicola Pavoni

Research Collection School Of Economics

We study the design of child care subsidies in an optimal welfare problem with heterogeneous private market productivities. The optimal subsidy schedule is qualitatively similar to the existing US scheme. Efficiency mandates a subsidy on formal child care costs, with higher subsidies paid to lower income earners and a kink as a function of child care expenditure. Marginal labor income tax rates are set lower than the labor wedges, with the potential to generate negative marginal tax rates. We calibrate our simple model to features of the US labor market and focus on single mothers with children aged below 6. …

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To Thine Communication Partner Be True: The Effect Of Presentation Consistency On Perceived Authenticity And Liking After Making A First Impression Online, Nicholas Tang, Janell Chu, Kahmun Leong, Sonny Rosenthal Jan 2020

To Thine Communication Partner Be True: The Effect Of Presentation Consistency On Perceived Authenticity And Liking After Making A First Impression Online, Nicholas Tang, Janell Chu, Kahmun Leong, Sonny Rosenthal

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This experiment examines the effects of presentation consistency on perceived authenticity and liking in computer-mediated communication, differentiating between profile views and short online text-based conversations. The experimental design is a 2 (presentation-consistent vs. -inconsistent) × 2 (profile view vs. short conversation) between-subjects experiment using university students (N = 173) in Singapore. Results show higher perceived authenticity (η2p = .29) and liking after short conversations than after profile views without conversations. When there is only a profile view, perceived authenticity is lower when the profile photo is inconsistent with the profile text than when it is consistent (η2p = .05). We …

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Do Overall Dimension Ratings From Assessment Centres Show External Construct-Related Validity, Andreja Wirz, Klaus G. Melchers, Martin Kleinmann, Filip Lievens, Hubert Annen, Urs Blum, Pia V. Ingold Jan 2020

Do Overall Dimension Ratings From Assessment Centres Show External Construct-Related Validity, Andreja Wirz, Klaus G. Melchers, Martin Kleinmann, Filip Lievens, Hubert Annen, Urs Blum, Pia V. Ingold

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

There have been repeated calls for an external construct validation approach to advance our understanding of the construct-related validity of assessment centre dimension ratings beyond existing internal construct-related validity findings. Following an external construct validation approach, we examined whether linking assessment centre overall dimension ratings to ratings of the same dimensions that stem from sources external to the assessment centre provides evidence for construct-related validity of assessment centre ratings. We used data from one laboratory assessment centre sample and two field samples. External ratings of the same dimensions stemmed from assessees, assessees’ supervisors, and customers. Results converged across all three …

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Gender Gap Pada Tingkat Partisipasi Kerja Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta, Azwar Anas, Maria Goreti Arie Damayanti Jan 2020

Gender Gap Pada Tingkat Partisipasi Kerja Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta, Azwar Anas, Maria Goreti Arie Damayanti

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

This research aims to decompose the employment participation rate to explain gender gap in DKI Jakarta Province in three periods (1995, 2005, and 2015). Determinant of employment participation rate of men and women was estimated by probit regression model and marginal effect. Non-linear decomposition technique used to analyze the source of gender gap. The results show that the main cause of gender gap comes from structural factors in the labor market (discrimination). The value of the gender gap in 20 years has decreased, in 1995, 2005, and 2015 it was 40,82%; 39,17%; and 29,34% respectively. It shows that the discrimnination …

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The Descendants Of Hurao: An Exploratory Study Of Chamoru Rights Groups, Alan T. Butler Jan 2020

The Descendants Of Hurao: An Exploratory Study Of Chamoru Rights Groups, Alan T. Butler

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The psychological literature conducted in Guam on indigenous practices of resistance to colonialism is nonexistent. This dissertation responds to this absence in the literature by conducting an exploratory hermeneutic study on the lived experience of members of Chamoru rights groups in Guam. Data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight members of Chamoru rights groups. Results indicated that engagement in a Chamoru rights group can be a deeply meaningful experience that involves education, activism, and being part of a supportive community. This community was felt to be healing, allowing for active engagement with community issues and against …

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To Empathize Or Iempathize: Social Networking And Adolescent Female Friendships, Jennifer A. Schonberg Jan 2020

To Empathize Or Iempathize: Social Networking And Adolescent Female Friendships, Jennifer A. Schonberg

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Through qualitative methodology, this dissertation aimed to explore adolescent girls’ use of social networking sites (SNS) and the impact these sites could be having on girls’ development of empathy and their ability to address conflict in their friendships. The topic is introduced by outlining the relevant statistics and through highlighting some of the negative and positive influences of SNS use on adolescent female life. Carol Gilligan’s theory of moral development is explained and used to frame the research questions for this phenomenological research study. Section One of this dissertation reviews the current literature on this topic, including how social media …

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The Use Of Mobile Social Technology As Transitional Objects Impact On Personality Functioning, Peter Gleiberman Jan 2020

The Use Of Mobile Social Technology As Transitional Objects Impact On Personality Functioning, Peter Gleiberman

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the impact unlimited connectivity and unlimited access to voice, text, and video communication as well as multimedia content consumption through mobile social technology has on personality integration. The increased use of mobile social technology has changed how the user engages social relationships. Through mobile social technology, the user places importance in an inanimate object for engagement of social relationships. A reliance on the inanimate object as a social relationship is thought to compromise the ability to internalize integrated object relations and develop stable personality organization. This theoretical research uses hermeneutic analysis of …

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